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Adding Location-Based Services to Existing Architectures
Adding Location-Based Services to Existing Architectures

... • Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) — The connection to the mobile network for the client’s LBS service application. The GMLC sends requests for mobile handset location information to a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and receives the results of such requests. The GMLC can also request routing inf ...
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early forms of long-distance communication

... 1874, was the Quadruplex system, which allowed for four messages to be transmitted simultaneously using the same wire. Use of the telegraph was quickly accepted by people eager for a faster and easier way of sending and receiving information. However, widespread and successful use of the device requ ...
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... (PIN for usual use and PUK for unlocking) A SIM card can be obtained from the cellular service provider. Eg. VodaCom-SA, AT&T, Vodafone etc ...
GAN Abbreviations
GAN Abbreviations

... Personal Unblocking Code Unblocks your terminal or SIM card if the PIN code is lost. Subscriber Identity Module The SIM card carries subscription information from Xantic and can be used in any GAN terminal. Communication costs will be billed to the SIM card owner. ...
1

SIM lock

A SIM lock, simlock, network lock or subsidy lock is a capability built into GSM mobile phones by mobile phone manufacturers. Network providers use this capability to restrict the use of these phones to specific countries and network providers. A phone sold without a SIM lock is called a SIM-free or unlocked phone and the purchaser can insert a SIM card of their choice.Generally, phones can be locked to accept only SIM cards with certain International Mobile Subscriber Identities (IMSIs); IMSIs may be restricted by: Mobile country code (MCC; e.g., will only work with SIM issued in one country) Mobile network code (MNC; e.g., AT&T Mobility, T-Mobile, Vodafone, Bell Mobility etc.) Mobile subscriber identification number (MSIN; i.e., only one SIM can be used with the phone)Additionally, some phones, especially Nokia phones, can lock group IDs which are used in voice group call service.In the United States and other areas, where carriers often offer deeply discounted cell phones in exchange for an exclusive agreement with a carrier, that phone will often be locked so it will not work with another carrier.Most mobile phones can be unlocked to work with any GSM network provider, but the phone may still display the original branding and may not support features of the new carrier; besides the locking, phones may also have firmware installed on them which is specific to the network provider. For example, a Vodafone or Telstra branded phone in Australia will display the relevant logo and may only support features provided by that network (e.g. Vodafone Live!). This firmware is installed by the service provider and is separate from the locking mechanism. Most phones can be unbranded by reflashing a different firmware version, a procedure recommended for advanced users only.The reason many network providers SIM lock their phones is that they offer phones at a discount to customers in exchange for a contract to pay for the use of the network for a specified time period, usually between one and three years. This business model allows the company to recoup the cost of the phone over the life of the contract. Such discounts are worth up to several hundred U.S. dollars. If the phones were not locked, users might sign a contract with one company, get the discounted phone, then stop paying the monthly bill (thus breaking the contract) and start using the phone on another network or even sell the phone for a profit. SIM locking curbs this by prohibiting change of network (using a new SIM).SIM locking is very common if subsidized phones are sold with prepaid contracts. It is important to note, however, that the technology associated with the phone must be compatible with the technology being used by the network carrier. A GSM cell phone will only work with a GSM carrier and will not work on a CDMA network provider. Likewise, a CDMA cell phone will only work with a CDMA carrier and will not work on a GSM network provider.In some jurisdictions, including China, Israel, and Singapore, SIM locking is illegal, but in other countries, carriers do not provide unlocking codes, or oblige the consumer to pay a fee. Despite this, unlocking a phone without carrier consent may be legal in some jurisdictions. Additionally, it is often legal for carriers to force SIM locks for certain amounts of time, varying by region.
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