bosons fermions
... A given amount N of the atoms becomes too large starting from a critical temperature. Their excess precipitates to the lowest level, which becomes macroscopically occupied, i.e., it holds a finite fraction of all atoms. This is the BE condensate. ...
... A given amount N of the atoms becomes too large starting from a critical temperature. Their excess precipitates to the lowest level, which becomes macroscopically occupied, i.e., it holds a finite fraction of all atoms. This is the BE condensate. ...
Lecture 12
... then the state of the first register remains In general, the state of a two-register system may not be of the form (it may contain entanglement or correlations) We can define the partial trace, Tr2 , as the unique linear operator satisfying the identity Tr2( ) = index means For example ...
... then the state of the first register remains In general, the state of a two-register system may not be of the form (it may contain entanglement or correlations) We can define the partial trace, Tr2 , as the unique linear operator satisfying the identity Tr2( ) = index means For example ...
Wednesday, Feb. 23, 2005
... • Parity violation – There are only left-handed neutrinos and right-handed anti-neutrinos – A system is parity invariant if it does not change under reflection of spatial coordinates – The spin r r , p p L r p r p L – The handedness, helicity, changes upon the spatial r ...
... • Parity violation – There are only left-handed neutrinos and right-handed anti-neutrinos – A system is parity invariant if it does not change under reflection of spatial coordinates – The spin r r , p p L r p r p L – The handedness, helicity, changes upon the spatial r ...
Quantum Noise and Quantum Operations
... Conclusions • Quantum Noise is modeled as an operator on a state and the environment • Quantum Noise can be seen as a manipulation of the Bloch sphere • Fidelity and Trace distance measure the relative distance between two quantum states • Quantum noise and distance will be important in the underst ...
... Conclusions • Quantum Noise is modeled as an operator on a state and the environment • Quantum Noise can be seen as a manipulation of the Bloch sphere • Fidelity and Trace distance measure the relative distance between two quantum states • Quantum noise and distance will be important in the underst ...
PHYS571: Lecture Notes Modern Atomic Physics
... In quantum optics, we are often interested in the dynamics of atoms coupled to an electromagnetic field (laser). Simple models are required to describe many of the most important features of this dynamics. In these models, the field may be described either classically or fully quantum mechanically, ...
... In quantum optics, we are often interested in the dynamics of atoms coupled to an electromagnetic field (laser). Simple models are required to describe many of the most important features of this dynamics. In these models, the field may be described either classically or fully quantum mechanically, ...
OPTICS14399
... probability, whereas the symmetry of the remaining state survives with a maximum probability of 0.5 at the asymptotic limit. Next, we examine the exchange symmetry properties of the same states under local, quantum mechanical noise which is modeled by two identical spin baths. Results turn out to be ...
... probability, whereas the symmetry of the remaining state survives with a maximum probability of 0.5 at the asymptotic limit. Next, we examine the exchange symmetry properties of the same states under local, quantum mechanical noise which is modeled by two identical spin baths. Results turn out to be ...
Anomaly of non-locality and entanglement in teaching quantum
... was made by Bell [22] in 1960s. Bell showed that what is called local realism, mathematically in the form of local variable models (LVM), implied constraints (Bell inequalities) on the predictions of spin correlations. That is, separated observers sharing an entangled state and performing measuremen ...
... was made by Bell [22] in 1960s. Bell showed that what is called local realism, mathematically in the form of local variable models (LVM), implied constraints (Bell inequalities) on the predictions of spin correlations. That is, separated observers sharing an entangled state and performing measuremen ...
Particle in a box
In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes a particle free to move in a small space surrounded by impenetrable barriers. The model is mainly used as a hypothetical example to illustrate the differences between classical and quantum systems. In classical systems, for example a ball trapped inside a large box, the particle can move at any speed within the box and it is no more likely to be found at one position than another. However, when the well becomes very narrow (on the scale of a few nanometers), quantum effects become important. The particle may only occupy certain positive energy levels. Likewise, it can never have zero energy, meaning that the particle can never ""sit still"". Additionally, it is more likely to be found at certain positions than at others, depending on its energy level. The particle may never be detected at certain positions, known as spatial nodes.The particle in a box model provides one of the very few problems in quantum mechanics which can be solved analytically, without approximations. This means that the observable properties of the particle (such as its energy and position) are related to the mass of the particle and the width of the well by simple mathematical expressions. Due to its simplicity, the model allows insight into quantum effects without the need for complicated mathematics. It is one of the first quantum mechanics problems taught in undergraduate physics courses, and it is commonly used as an approximation for more complicated quantum systems.