The Limits of Quantum Computers
... conclusion in the 1970s, when they developed the theory of NP-completeness. NP stands for “nondeterministic polynomial time.” Do not worry about what that means. Basically, NP is the class of problems for which a solution, once found, can be recognized as correct in polynomial time (something like n ...
... conclusion in the 1970s, when they developed the theory of NP-completeness. NP stands for “nondeterministic polynomial time.” Do not worry about what that means. Basically, NP is the class of problems for which a solution, once found, can be recognized as correct in polynomial time (something like n ...
Quantum - Caltech Particle Theory
... quantum field theories are highly constrained. They are built on the notion that the algebra of observables should have a natural decomposition as a tensor product of subsystems, where each subsystem is highly localized. This structure should be reflected in a computational model that purports to de ...
... quantum field theories are highly constrained. They are built on the notion that the algebra of observables should have a natural decomposition as a tensor product of subsystems, where each subsystem is highly localized. This structure should be reflected in a computational model that purports to de ...
Qubit Quantum Mechanics with Correlated-photon Experiments,
... quantum computing. We do not use second quantization and the photon number states19 because these concepts go beyond the scope of an undergraduate quantum mechanics course. The particle-labeling format gives the correct answers provided that when describing identical photon pairs, we use wave functi ...
... quantum computing. We do not use second quantization and the photon number states19 because these concepts go beyond the scope of an undergraduate quantum mechanics course. The particle-labeling format gives the correct answers provided that when describing identical photon pairs, we use wave functi ...
ppt
... particle is in a large box (energy quantization) with zero potential energy (total energy= kin. energy). At the end of the calculation, we’ll allow the size of the box to become infinite, so that the separation of the levels tends to zero. For any macroscopic L, the energy levels are very close to e ...
... particle is in a large box (energy quantization) with zero potential energy (total energy= kin. energy). At the end of the calculation, we’ll allow the size of the box to become infinite, so that the separation of the levels tends to zero. For any macroscopic L, the energy levels are very close to e ...
Paper
... and the speed of sound by a factor of 5 from that of the trapped condensate. Thus, Bragg scattering in the expanded sample occurred in the free-particle regime. The momentum transferred to the atomic sample was determined by the average axial position in time-of-flight images. To extract small momen ...
... and the speed of sound by a factor of 5 from that of the trapped condensate. Thus, Bragg scattering in the expanded sample occurred in the free-particle regime. The momentum transferred to the atomic sample was determined by the average axial position in time-of-flight images. To extract small momen ...
Quantum Teleportation
... exact copy rather than an approximate facsimile, and it would destroy the original in the process of scanning it. The teleportation technique makes use of quantum entanglemant. Clouds of trillions of atoms have for the first time being linked by quantum entanglement that spooky almost telepathic lin ...
... exact copy rather than an approximate facsimile, and it would destroy the original in the process of scanning it. The teleportation technique makes use of quantum entanglemant. Clouds of trillions of atoms have for the first time being linked by quantum entanglement that spooky almost telepathic lin ...
Particle in a box
In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes a particle free to move in a small space surrounded by impenetrable barriers. The model is mainly used as a hypothetical example to illustrate the differences between classical and quantum systems. In classical systems, for example a ball trapped inside a large box, the particle can move at any speed within the box and it is no more likely to be found at one position than another. However, when the well becomes very narrow (on the scale of a few nanometers), quantum effects become important. The particle may only occupy certain positive energy levels. Likewise, it can never have zero energy, meaning that the particle can never ""sit still"". Additionally, it is more likely to be found at certain positions than at others, depending on its energy level. The particle may never be detected at certain positions, known as spatial nodes.The particle in a box model provides one of the very few problems in quantum mechanics which can be solved analytically, without approximations. This means that the observable properties of the particle (such as its energy and position) are related to the mass of the particle and the width of the well by simple mathematical expressions. Due to its simplicity, the model allows insight into quantum effects without the need for complicated mathematics. It is one of the first quantum mechanics problems taught in undergraduate physics courses, and it is commonly used as an approximation for more complicated quantum systems.