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... which ρε is separable. Generalization for arbitrary number of qubits, N, leads to ε ≤ 1/4N . On another hand, since typically ε ≈ 10−5 in bulk NMR experiments, at room temperature, the authors conclude that not less than 13 qubits would be necessary in order to get out of the separability region, wi ...
Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness
Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness

Close-coupling study of rotational energy transfer of CO(v=2) by
Close-coupling study of rotational energy transfer of CO(v=2) by

... the dynamics. Cecchi-Pestellini et al. [16] reported a large set of CC and infinite order sudden (IOS) approximation calculations using the Heijmen et al. potential. To reduce the computational expenses, the CC calculations were restricted to vibrational level v = 0 and the IOS approximation was us ...
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Mechanics

001 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Probability Amplitudes and
001 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Probability Amplitudes and

... top hole or the bottom hole. And we’ll call the path through the top hole the path S and the path through the bottom hole, the path T. So if you – what we’re interested in calculating is the probability that we get an electron arriving at x. So the probability of arriving at x should be calculated f ...
Topological Quantum Computing - Quantum Optics Group at ETH
Topological Quantum Computing - Quantum Optics Group at ETH

A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics
A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics

Abstract book - Nonequilibrim Phenomena in Quantum Systems
Abstract book - Nonequilibrim Phenomena in Quantum Systems

... Ultrafast photo-induced electron dynamics in strongly correlated electron systems have significantly attracted much attention, since a number of time-resolved experimental techniques and theoretical calculation methods for non-equilibrium states are rapidly developed in the last decade. In particula ...
Black Hole Entropy: From Shannon to Bekenstein
Black Hole Entropy: From Shannon to Bekenstein

The Quantum Circuit Model and Universal Quantum Computation
The Quantum Circuit Model and Universal Quantum Computation

Quantum Computation - University of Denver
Quantum Computation - University of Denver

... achieved to good approximation. We may want to observe or make a measurement on a system to find out what is happening inside it. In this case the measurement apparatus interacts with the system, so the system is no longer isolated. We shall only consider measurements that have a finite number of po ...
On the minimum quantum dimension for a given quantum correlation
On the minimum quantum dimension for a given quantum correlation

Probing exciton localization in nonpolar GaN/AlN quantum dots by
Probing exciton localization in nonpolar GaN/AlN quantum dots by

Document
Document

... shells of the hydrogen atom if the lowest-energy emission in the spectral series with m = 1 and n = 2 occurs at l = 121.5 nm? Solution 1. The lowest-energy emission line in the spectral series with m = 1 and n = 2 corresponds to the emission of light as an electron falls from the second shell to the ...
The Fermi-Hubbard model 11 The Hubbard model
The Fermi-Hubbard model 11 The Hubbard model

... In the ultracold gases context, the Bose-Hubbard model is often the one that is taught first in courses since it was experimentally realized by ultracold gases well before the Fermi-Hubbard model. This is the case also in these series of quantum gas lectures at ETH: you have already learned about th ...
CPMC-Lab Computer Physics Communications calculations
CPMC-Lab Computer Physics Communications calculations

Quantum computation and cryptography: an overview
Quantum computation and cryptography: an overview

Superconducting Circuits and Quantum Computation
Superconducting Circuits and Quantum Computation

... Figure 1 : IV traces taken at 4K for a few different test junctions, from 0.75 µm down to 0.1µm. Blown up in the inset is the 0.1 µm junction IV and we see a knee current of 40nA and a very large subgap resistance. ...
While the ramifications of quantum computers
While the ramifications of quantum computers

Quantum Entanglement, Nonlocality, and Back-In
Quantum Entanglement, Nonlocality, and Back-In

... April 3, 2010 ...
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for the
Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for the

... lead to the evolution of the latter one. And the answer that follows is that although a classical computer can theoretically simulate a quantum computer, it is incredibly inefficient, so much so that a classical computer is effectively incapable of performing many tasks that a quantum computer could ...
A Landau-Ginzburg model, flat coordinates and a mirror theorem for
A Landau-Ginzburg model, flat coordinates and a mirror theorem for

Physics Today - Portland State University
Physics Today - Portland State University

Angular Momentum 23.1 Classical Description
Angular Momentum 23.1 Classical Description

Atomic Structure Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi
Atomic Structure Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi

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Particle in a box



In quantum mechanics, the particle in a box model (also known as the infinite potential well or the infinite square well) describes a particle free to move in a small space surrounded by impenetrable barriers. The model is mainly used as a hypothetical example to illustrate the differences between classical and quantum systems. In classical systems, for example a ball trapped inside a large box, the particle can move at any speed within the box and it is no more likely to be found at one position than another. However, when the well becomes very narrow (on the scale of a few nanometers), quantum effects become important. The particle may only occupy certain positive energy levels. Likewise, it can never have zero energy, meaning that the particle can never ""sit still"". Additionally, it is more likely to be found at certain positions than at others, depending on its energy level. The particle may never be detected at certain positions, known as spatial nodes.The particle in a box model provides one of the very few problems in quantum mechanics which can be solved analytically, without approximations. This means that the observable properties of the particle (such as its energy and position) are related to the mass of the particle and the width of the well by simple mathematical expressions. Due to its simplicity, the model allows insight into quantum effects without the need for complicated mathematics. It is one of the first quantum mechanics problems taught in undergraduate physics courses, and it is commonly used as an approximation for more complicated quantum systems.
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