Nobel Lecture: Fractional quantization
... length and frequency in the usual way, interacts by simple rules that may be verified experimentally, mediates the attractive interaction responsible for conventional superconductivity, and so forth, and none of these things depends in detail on the underlying equations of motion. They are generic p ...
... length and frequency in the usual way, interacts by simple rules that may be verified experimentally, mediates the attractive interaction responsible for conventional superconductivity, and so forth, and none of these things depends in detail on the underlying equations of motion. They are generic p ...
Complementarity in Quantum Mechanics and Classical Statistical
... was clearly evidenced in Davisson and Germer experiment and other similar experiences (12). To illustrate that electrons and other microparticles undergo interference and diffraction phenomena like the ordinary waves, in Fig.1 a schematic representation of electron interference by double-slits appar ...
... was clearly evidenced in Davisson and Germer experiment and other similar experiences (12). To illustrate that electrons and other microparticles undergo interference and diffraction phenomena like the ordinary waves, in Fig.1 a schematic representation of electron interference by double-slits appar ...
Infinite-randomness quantum critical points induced by dissipation
... transitions are governed by conventional critical points.21–24 As in the Ising case, adding Ohmic dissipation hampers the dynamics of O共N兲 symmetric order parameters. Vojta and Schmalian25 showed that the “energy gap” of large locally ordered droplets is exponentially small in their volume leading t ...
... transitions are governed by conventional critical points.21–24 As in the Ising case, adding Ohmic dissipation hampers the dynamics of O共N兲 symmetric order parameters. Vojta and Schmalian25 showed that the “energy gap” of large locally ordered droplets is exponentially small in their volume leading t ...
Quantum walk search on satisfiability problems random
... algorithms. Problems are divided into computational complexity classes generally by the time requirements of their best possible algorithms using big 0 notation. The two main complexity classes used to classify the difficulty of problems are P and NP. These classify problems known as decision proble ...
... algorithms. Problems are divided into computational complexity classes generally by the time requirements of their best possible algorithms using big 0 notation. The two main complexity classes used to classify the difficulty of problems are P and NP. These classify problems known as decision proble ...
manuscript - University of Hertfordshire
... are displayed over 120% of one oscillation period (t ¼ 0:1T; . . . ; 1:1T); the rainbow spectrum is matched to T, redorange for t ¼ 0, via green, cyan at t ¼ 0:5T, through blue and purple back to red-orange. Because of the periodicity of the twostate scenario, the red-orange-yellow torus is seen tw ...
... are displayed over 120% of one oscillation period (t ¼ 0:1T; . . . ; 1:1T); the rainbow spectrum is matched to T, redorange for t ¼ 0, via green, cyan at t ¼ 0:5T, through blue and purple back to red-orange. Because of the periodicity of the twostate scenario, the red-orange-yellow torus is seen tw ...
Gravitation and quantum interference experiments with neutrons
... the wavelengths 0.21440 and 0.10780 nm. The corresponding Bragg angles 2B are 34.15◦ and 33.94◦ . The Si(220) or Si(440) Bragg reflection was used. The phase advances by almost the same amount with each step and nearly twice as much for the long wavelength as for the shorter wavelength. Previously, ...
... the wavelengths 0.21440 and 0.10780 nm. The corresponding Bragg angles 2B are 34.15◦ and 33.94◦ . The Si(220) or Si(440) Bragg reflection was used. The phase advances by almost the same amount with each step and nearly twice as much for the long wavelength as for the shorter wavelength. Previously, ...
The Problem of Confirmation in the Everett Interpretation
... state. Worse, because we must always interact with our instruments in order to discover the results of measurements, it would seem that we ourselves should end up in superposition states, which is difficult to reconcile with our experience of being in a single determinate state at all times. Thus we ...
... state. Worse, because we must always interact with our instruments in order to discover the results of measurements, it would seem that we ourselves should end up in superposition states, which is difficult to reconcile with our experience of being in a single determinate state at all times. Thus we ...
PDF
... eigenstates of the pointer position observable. But to be precise, it expresses the more general idea that the final state of the composite must be a mixture over states in each of which the pointer position observable takes one particular value or other with probability one. I can now provide the r ...
... eigenstates of the pointer position observable. But to be precise, it expresses the more general idea that the final state of the composite must be a mixture over states in each of which the pointer position observable takes one particular value or other with probability one. I can now provide the r ...
Driven Quantum Systems - Physik Uni
... time-dependent dipole coupling between two Born-Oppenheimer surfaces. Conclusions and an outlook are given in the final Sect. 5.8. ...
... time-dependent dipole coupling between two Born-Oppenheimer surfaces. Conclusions and an outlook are given in the final Sect. 5.8. ...
Experimental and theoretical challenges for the trapped electron
... where ωc = eB0 /m is the free electron cyclotron frequency, ω+ is called the reduced cyclotron frequency, ω− is the magnetron frequency and ωz is the axial frequency. For our concept these frequencies are of the order of ω+ /(2π ) ∼ 100 GHz, ω− /(2π ) ∼ 10 kHz, and ωz /(2π ) ∼ 100 MHz. We note that ...
... where ωc = eB0 /m is the free electron cyclotron frequency, ω+ is called the reduced cyclotron frequency, ω− is the magnetron frequency and ωz is the axial frequency. For our concept these frequencies are of the order of ω+ /(2π ) ∼ 100 GHz, ω− /(2π ) ∼ 10 kHz, and ωz /(2π ) ∼ 100 MHz. We note that ...
Reliable quantum computers
... But by now all of these apparent obstacles have been overcome-we now know that quantum error correction really is possible. The key conceptual point we have grasped is that we can fight entanglement with entanglement. Entanglement can be our enemy, since entanglement of our device with the environme ...
... But by now all of these apparent obstacles have been overcome-we now know that quantum error correction really is possible. The key conceptual point we have grasped is that we can fight entanglement with entanglement. Entanglement can be our enemy, since entanglement of our device with the environme ...
Quantum computing
Quantum computing studies theoretical computation systems (quantum computers) that make direct use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. Quantum computers are different from digital computers based on transistors. Whereas digital computers require data to be encoded into binary digits (bits), each of which is always in one of two definite states (0 or 1), quantum computation uses quantum bits (qubits), which can be in superpositions of states. A quantum Turing machine is a theoretical model of such a computer, and is also known as the universal quantum computer. Quantum computers share theoretical similarities with non-deterministic and probabilistic computers. The field of quantum computing was initiated by the work of Yuri Manin in 1980, Richard Feynman in 1982, and David Deutsch in 1985. A quantum computer with spins as quantum bits was also formulated for use as a quantum space–time in 1968.As of 2015, the development of actual quantum computers is still in its infancy, but experiments have been carried out in which quantum computational operations were executed on a very small number of quantum bits. Both practical and theoretical research continues, and many national governments and military agencies are funding quantum computing research in an effort to develop quantum computers for civilian, business, trade, and national security purposes, such as cryptanalysis.Large-scale quantum computers will be able to solve certain problems much more quickly than any classical computers that use even the best currently known algorithms, like integer factorization using Shor's algorithm or the simulation of quantum many-body systems. There exist quantum algorithms, such as Simon's algorithm, that run faster than any possible probabilistic classical algorithm.Given sufficient computational resources, however, a classical computer could be made to simulate any quantum algorithm, as quantum computation does not violate the Church–Turing thesis.