Document
... another in the production of good X if it can use the same amount of resources to produce more X than the other country. A country is said to have a comparative advantage over another in the production of good X if it can produce one unit of X at a lower opportunity cost. We can illustrate these con ...
... another in the production of good X if it can use the same amount of resources to produce more X than the other country. A country is said to have a comparative advantage over another in the production of good X if it can produce one unit of X at a lower opportunity cost. We can illustrate these con ...
Contents and summary observations
... of the Congo (DRC) was yet another source of public expenditure. The budget continues to be heavily dependent on foreign aid (US$45 per inhabitant and 9.2 per cent of GDP in ...
... of the Congo (DRC) was yet another source of public expenditure. The budget continues to be heavily dependent on foreign aid (US$45 per inhabitant and 9.2 per cent of GDP in ...
Malaysia and the Challenges of Globalization: An Economic
... domestic market. However in order to benefit from international trade industries in LDCs must achieve global competitiveness in their production and marketing activities. Second, LDCs that open themselves up to international trade and investment gain access to a much higher level of technology. This ...
... domestic market. However in order to benefit from international trade industries in LDCs must achieve global competitiveness in their production and marketing activities. Second, LDCs that open themselves up to international trade and investment gain access to a much higher level of technology. This ...
The relationship between trade openness and economic
... In spite of the wave of liberalizations undertaken during the last 30 years, the debate on the links and causality between trade openness, growth and income distribution is still open (Rodriguez and Rodrik, 2001). Empirical evidence tends to show that in the long run more outward-oriented countries ...
... In spite of the wave of liberalizations undertaken during the last 30 years, the debate on the links and causality between trade openness, growth and income distribution is still open (Rodriguez and Rodrik, 2001). Empirical evidence tends to show that in the long run more outward-oriented countries ...
The Rise of US Anti-dumping Activity in Historical Perspective
... As Figure 2 illustrates, after adjusting the total number of AD petitions for those covering the same product, the number of products targeted by AD filings after 1980 does not appear to be significantly higher than in previous decades. When looked at from the perspective of the number of products tar ...
... As Figure 2 illustrates, after adjusting the total number of AD petitions for those covering the same product, the number of products targeted by AD filings after 1980 does not appear to be significantly higher than in previous decades. When looked at from the perspective of the number of products tar ...
CHAPTER 7 Global Marketing
... o Important changes since 1960: o No longer exclusively U.S. based o Multinationals no longer think of their foreign operations as mere outsourcing appendages ...
... o Important changes since 1960: o No longer exclusively U.S. based o Multinationals no longer think of their foreign operations as mere outsourcing appendages ...
What Does a Free Trade Area of the Asia
... Declaration of 1994 set a timeframe of achieving FTAs among developed and developing APEC economies by 2010 and 2020, respectively. But a joint feasibility study for a FTAAP has not been undertaken yet. Diversified development levels and different regional economic integration strategies among membe ...
... Declaration of 1994 set a timeframe of achieving FTAs among developed and developing APEC economies by 2010 and 2020, respectively. But a joint feasibility study for a FTAAP has not been undertaken yet. Diversified development levels and different regional economic integration strategies among membe ...
Overview by Ashley Tellis - Carnegie Endowment for International
... worldwide. The liberal international economic order that Washington has promoted since the end of the Second World War has on the one hand had the desirable effect of ushering in prosperity on a huge scale in Europe and Asia. This same order could on the other hand also create the very conditions by ...
... worldwide. The liberal international economic order that Washington has promoted since the end of the Second World War has on the one hand had the desirable effect of ushering in prosperity on a huge scale in Europe and Asia. This same order could on the other hand also create the very conditions by ...
Cursed Exports? Natural Resource Endowment, Trade Policy and
... regime. Departing from the assumption that open trade has a positive effect on economic growth and the empirical evidence of the curse of natural resources - i.e. the observation that countries abundant in natural resources tend to perform poorly in terms of economic growth this study examines if tr ...
... regime. Departing from the assumption that open trade has a positive effect on economic growth and the empirical evidence of the curse of natural resources - i.e. the observation that countries abundant in natural resources tend to perform poorly in terms of economic growth this study examines if tr ...
Chapter 13
... The Lost Decade of the 1980s • The 1980s was considered the “Lost Decade” in Latin America: GDP growth was nonexistent, foreign capital stopped flowing in, credit became scarce, investment declined • Between the end of World War II and 1980s, Mexico followed inward-oriented import substitution indu ...
... The Lost Decade of the 1980s • The 1980s was considered the “Lost Decade” in Latin America: GDP growth was nonexistent, foreign capital stopped flowing in, credit became scarce, investment declined • Between the end of World War II and 1980s, Mexico followed inward-oriented import substitution indu ...
Understanding Trade, Exchange Rates and International Capital
... abandonment of its hard-currency peg to the U.S. dollar in June 2005, the renminbi appreciated more than 25 percent by September 2014. However, only a very small fraction of the Chinese currency gain was passed on to U.S. import prices when ERPT was estimated from aggregate price indexes. For instan ...
... abandonment of its hard-currency peg to the U.S. dollar in June 2005, the renminbi appreciated more than 25 percent by September 2014. However, only a very small fraction of the Chinese currency gain was passed on to U.S. import prices when ERPT was estimated from aggregate price indexes. For instan ...
Growth Identification and Facilitation
... achieve that, it must first close its endowment gap with that of the advanced countries. The strategy to get there is to follow its comparative advantage in each stage of its development. When firms choose to enter industries and adopt technologies that are consistent with the country’s comparative ...
... achieve that, it must first close its endowment gap with that of the advanced countries. The strategy to get there is to follow its comparative advantage in each stage of its development. When firms choose to enter industries and adopt technologies that are consistent with the country’s comparative ...
Growth Identification and
... achieve that, it must first close its endowment gap with that of the advanced countries. The strategy to get there is to follow its comparative advantage in each stage of its development. When firms choose to enter industries and adopt technologies that are consistent with the country’s comparative ...
... achieve that, it must first close its endowment gap with that of the advanced countries. The strategy to get there is to follow its comparative advantage in each stage of its development. When firms choose to enter industries and adopt technologies that are consistent with the country’s comparative ...
China-US Border Effect of Agricultural Trade Using gravity Model.
... two different countries trade much less with each other than do two regions within one country, taking into account income, size and distance. Many economists believe that national borders represent large and mostly unidentified barrier to trade and reveal existence. Since the study of McCallum (199 ...
... two different countries trade much less with each other than do two regions within one country, taking into account income, size and distance. Many economists believe that national borders represent large and mostly unidentified barrier to trade and reveal existence. Since the study of McCallum (199 ...
Per Capita Income, Demand for Variety, and International Trade
... When looking for theoretical explanations for the empirical relevance of NorthNorth trade, economists usually turn to monopolistically competitive models of international trade,4 as introduced in Paul Krugman (1979, 1980) and Elhanan Helpman (1981) and consolidated in Helpman and Krugman (1985). The ...
... When looking for theoretical explanations for the empirical relevance of NorthNorth trade, economists usually turn to monopolistically competitive models of international trade,4 as introduced in Paul Krugman (1979, 1980) and Elhanan Helpman (1981) and consolidated in Helpman and Krugman (1985). The ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... The basic idea of this paper—use modern monetary models to explain cross-sectional variation in the output-inflation tradeoff—is an excellent one. The paper, however, does not make nearly as much of this idea as it might. A list of questions and concerns might include: 1. The paper relies on an aggr ...
... The basic idea of this paper—use modern monetary models to explain cross-sectional variation in the output-inflation tradeoff—is an excellent one. The paper, however, does not make nearly as much of this idea as it might. A list of questions and concerns might include: 1. The paper relies on an aggr ...
British Relative Economic Decline Revisited
... that can be partly appropriated by unions with bargaining power into higher wages and lower effort • During the 1980s and 1990s, increased competition reduced union membership, union wage mark-ups and union effects on productivity (Brown et al., 2008; Metcalf, 2002) • Multiple unionism in an industr ...
... that can be partly appropriated by unions with bargaining power into higher wages and lower effort • During the 1980s and 1990s, increased competition reduced union membership, union wage mark-ups and union effects on productivity (Brown et al., 2008; Metcalf, 2002) • Multiple unionism in an industr ...
Dulux adds colour and movement to retail store printing
... frustration for the store and it can mean delays in processing orders or getting point of sale information displayed in time. We needed reliable machines that would do the job day after day without fail. Konica Minolta’s printers have delivered that performance.” Dulux Trade also chose to implement ...
... frustration for the store and it can mean delays in processing orders or getting point of sale information displayed in time. We needed reliable machines that would do the job day after day without fail. Konica Minolta’s printers have delivered that performance.” Dulux Trade also chose to implement ...
growth, employment and redistribution a
... development expenditure. Drawing on several models of the South African economy, the effects of an integrated economic reform strategy on growth and employment prospects have been tested. Results, bearing in mind the inevitable uncertainties of economic projections, are as follows. The package will ...
... development expenditure. Drawing on several models of the South African economy, the effects of an integrated economic reform strategy on growth and employment prospects have been tested. Results, bearing in mind the inevitable uncertainties of economic projections, are as follows. The package will ...
Measures of Economic Performance
... the UK during one year – Primary (agriculture), secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary sectors (services) – Real versus nominal output – Can be viewed as being national income, national output or aggregate demand (AD) These should all be the same as people spend what they earn and are paid for provi ...
... the UK during one year – Primary (agriculture), secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary sectors (services) – Real versus nominal output – Can be viewed as being national income, national output or aggregate demand (AD) These should all be the same as people spend what they earn and are paid for provi ...
Classical Long
... become entrenched in the market More efficient technologies may be available Network externalities lead to technological lock-in Network externality is an externality in which the use by one individual makes a technology more valuable to other people ...
... become entrenched in the market More efficient technologies may be available Network externalities lead to technological lock-in Network externality is an externality in which the use by one individual makes a technology more valuable to other people ...
ADOFrION AND GROWIH Robert King Ross Levine Working Paper No. 4681
... preferences that we adopted and of three peculiar features of the economy's technology: (i) there is only one factor that can be accumulated (Ar); (ii) the and (iii) the technology used to production function is linear in this factor increase the level of A1 coincides with the technology to produce ...
... preferences that we adopted and of three peculiar features of the economy's technology: (i) there is only one factor that can be accumulated (Ar); (ii) the and (iii) the technology used to production function is linear in this factor increase the level of A1 coincides with the technology to produce ...
From TRIPS to RIPS: A better Trade Framework
... notable exceptions, such as the G-8 discussions regarding funding R&D on drugs for neglected diseases, or the Blair/Clinton statement on the benefits of unencumbered access to human genome sequence. The G-8 discussions involved a handful of wealthy countries that were motivated to raise global leve ...
... notable exceptions, such as the G-8 discussions regarding funding R&D on drugs for neglected diseases, or the Blair/Clinton statement on the benefits of unencumbered access to human genome sequence. The G-8 discussions involved a handful of wealthy countries that were motivated to raise global leve ...
General equilibrium analysis of the Eaton–Kortum model of
... The model shares with those of the ‘‘new trade theory’’ the important ability to deal sensibly with intra-industry trade: trade in similar categories of goods between similarly endowed countries.1 But unlike the earlier theory, the Eaton–Kortum (2002) model is competitive, involving no fixed costs an ...
... The model shares with those of the ‘‘new trade theory’’ the important ability to deal sensibly with intra-industry trade: trade in similar categories of goods between similarly endowed countries.1 But unlike the earlier theory, the Eaton–Kortum (2002) model is competitive, involving no fixed costs an ...
Human Capital
... Hence, to understand the large differences in living standards we observe across countries or over time, we must focus on the production of goods and services. But seeing the link between living standards and productivity is only the first step. It leads naturally to the next question: why are some ...
... Hence, to understand the large differences in living standards we observe across countries or over time, we must focus on the production of goods and services. But seeing the link between living standards and productivity is only the first step. It leads naturally to the next question: why are some ...