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Appendix 1.
Appendix 1.

... BRIC countries among others, has paved the way for large multinational enterprises. It seems these new markets provided the large multinational companies with an opportunity to flex their financial muscle and reap the benefits from their hard earned experience. However, over the years companies have ...
The Paradox of Standardization and Localization
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... but in certain cases it might lead to suboptimal sales, because it may be incompatible with the characteristics of the host market. Therefore, Katsikeas, Samiee & Theodosiou (2006) proposed a conceptual framework on examining the characteristics of a host market in order to determine whether the sta ...
Top of Form Week 4: Developing New Products and Services
Top of Form Week 4: Developing New Products and Services

... other prospects and investors to see what exactly is the end goal and how it will be achieved. This simple set up helps to attract resources through sponsors, investors, and marketers due to the idea explanation and result analysis from the forecasting. A business plan helps to sell an product/servi ...
The Ultimate Web Marketing Guide
The Ultimate Web Marketing Guide

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... “Your website needs to serve as your 24-7 sales person. It needs to inform and persuade a visitor to become a customer. If it doesn’t, your visitors will make a brief stop, hit the back button, and never return. You may never know this is happening. We learned that driving traffic to ThomasNet.com a ...
Consolidated ICC Code of Advertising and Marketing
Consolidated ICC Code of Advertising and Marketing

... of its social obligations. The fundamental value of self-regulation lies in its ability to c ­ reate, enhance and preserve consumer trust and confidence in the business communities ­behind it, and thereby in the marketplace itself. Effective self-regulation is also an instrument for the protection o ...
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... The concept of standardization has received ample attention from various disciplines, and though prior research has put forth diverse interpretations, a common view emerges. Building on this prior research, we define standardization as the degree to which firms apply common marketing-mix variables a ...
Perception of Destination Branding Measures: A Case Study
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... Brand equity is the value of a brand based on the extent to which it has a high brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality, strong brand associations, and other assets such as patents, trademarks, and channel relationships (Kotler and Armstrong 2001). It stems from the greater confidence that ...
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Contemporary Marketing.
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... once stated that the aim of marketing: "is to make selling unnecessary”. Drucker said that selling and advertising should be only a part of marketing tools to help build strong customer relationships and to satisfy the consumer needs. (Kotler, Armstrong, Harris & Piercy 2013: 4-5). One tool that can ...
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... offers great promise in this respect. . .. Segmentation is therefore particularly important in enterprises that wish to develop and implement successful global marketing strategies. International segmentation offers a solution to the standardization versus adaptation debate in that it creates the co ...
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... nations should not be neglected, especially the adversity to risk and change. Hence, it is highly important to identify the way logistics providers develop customer-oriented strategies and to what extent they are aware of factors directly or indirectly influencing customer loyalty currently in the C ...
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... may be more influential than company advertising. For example, potential customers often read online reviews from other customers and product review Web sites (e.g., www. epinions.com) before buying a product. Fourth, CE within the RM research will allow for consideration of the opportunities provid ...
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... When Theodore Levitt wrote his famous article “Marketing Myopia”1 the business world was changing from an industrial economy to a service economy, companies started thinking in customer-oriented terms instead of in product-oriented as they did before2. Because of growing competition, stagnation in m ...
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Welsh Libraries Project: National Marketing Strategy 2011-16

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Marketing Strategies for Profitability in Small Independent Restaurants
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... independent restaurant owners need for profitability. Aaker’s brand equity model was the conceptual framework used to ground this study. Using a purposeful criterion sampling technique and semistructured interviews, 12 individuals (2 managers and 2 employees from 3 restaurants in Philadelphia) parti ...
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...  “Starting out and for as long as you can, you should be a virtual company. You can have contracts to outsource the downstream part of the process (purification, fill and finish, packaging, etc.) ”  “Keep your core technology and focus on using your manufacturing platform for protein production”. ...
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Target audience

A target audience is the intended audience or readership of a publication, advertisement, or other message. In marketing and advertising, it is a specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed (Kotler 2000). For example, if a company sells new diet programs for men with heart disease (target market), the communication may be aimed at those men but also perhaps at their spouses (target audience). Targeted marketing and targeted advertising strive for narrowcasting rather than broadcasting.A target audience can be formed of people of a certain age group, gender, marital status, etc., e.g. teenagers, females, single people, etc. A combination of factors, e.g. men aged 20–30 is a common target audience. Other groups, although not the main focus, may also be interested. Discovering the appropriate target market(s)and determining the target audience is one of the most important activities in marketing management (Niewenhuizen et al. 2000). Perhaps the biggest mistake it is possible to make in targeting is trying to reach everybody and ending up appealing to no-one.
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