DBMS - Department of Higher Education
... Separation of data from processing, either so that changes in the size or format of the data elements require no change in the computer programs processing them or so that these changes can be made automatically by the database management system. These are the techniques that allow data to be change ...
... Separation of data from processing, either so that changes in the size or format of the data elements require no change in the computer programs processing them or so that these changes can be made automatically by the database management system. These are the techniques that allow data to be change ...
chapter 7_ database administration
... To help you understand the concept of a view, suppose that Juan is interested in the part number, part description, units on hand, and unit price of parts in item class HW. He is not interested in any other columns in the PART table, nor is he interested in any rows that correspond to parts in other ...
... To help you understand the concept of a view, suppose that Juan is interested in the part number, part description, units on hand, and unit price of parts in item class HW. He is not interested in any other columns in the PART table, nor is he interested in any rows that correspond to parts in other ...
(OLAP).
... style of OLAP technology due to requirements to analyze ever-increasing amounts of data and the realization that users cannot store all the data they require in MOLAP databases. ...
... style of OLAP technology due to requirements to analyze ever-increasing amounts of data and the realization that users cannot store all the data they require in MOLAP databases. ...
XML Parsing: A Threat to Database Performance
... against a DTD or XML schema. Schema validation not only checks a document’s compliance with the schema but also determines type information for every node of the document (aka type annotation). This is a critical observation because database systems and the Xquery language are sensitive to data type ...
... against a DTD or XML schema. Schema validation not only checks a document’s compliance with the schema but also determines type information for every node of the document (aka type annotation). This is a critical observation because database systems and the Xquery language are sensitive to data type ...
Flexible Database Generators
... Consider the problem of automatic physical design for database systems (e.g., [3, 9, 18]). Algorithms addressing this problem are rather complex and their recommendations crucially depend on the input databases. It is therefore advisable to check whether the expected behavior of a new approach (both ...
... Consider the problem of automatic physical design for database systems (e.g., [3, 9, 18]). Algorithms addressing this problem are rather complex and their recommendations crucially depend on the input databases. It is therefore advisable to check whether the expected behavior of a new approach (both ...
The Relational Data Model
... Relational Model • A particular way of structuring data (relations) • Simple • Mathematically based – Expressions (queries) can be analyzed by DBMS – Transformed to equivalent expressions automatically (query optimization) • Optimizers have limits (=> programmer needs to know how queries are evalua ...
... Relational Model • A particular way of structuring data (relations) • Simple • Mathematically based – Expressions (queries) can be analyzed by DBMS – Transformed to equivalent expressions automatically (query optimization) • Optimizers have limits (=> programmer needs to know how queries are evalua ...
Structured Query Language - CBSE Plus Two Help Files
... decimal point and a sign. An attribute of a relation can have numbers in three forms a). NUMBER : Here we don’t specify the width or precision . Default one ‘ll be taken b). NUMBER (P) : Here we specify the width or precision without any decimal point. ...
... decimal point and a sign. An attribute of a relation can have numbers in three forms a). NUMBER : Here we don’t specify the width or precision . Default one ‘ll be taken b). NUMBER (P) : Here we specify the width or precision without any decimal point. ...
Graph Data Partition Models for Online Social Networks
... vertices. In addition, it supports a High-Availability mode [9], in which the database is fully replicated across several systems. One system is designated as the master. The other systems are slaves and may have stale copies of the data. Writes are supported on slaves, but they synchronize with the ...
... vertices. In addition, it supports a High-Availability mode [9], in which the database is fully replicated across several systems. One system is designated as the master. The other systems are slaves and may have stale copies of the data. Writes are supported on slaves, but they synchronize with the ...
ch34 - UT Computer Science
... style of OLAP technology due to requirements to analyze ever-increasing amounts of data and the realization that users cannot store all the data they require in MOLAP databases. ...
... style of OLAP technology due to requirements to analyze ever-increasing amounts of data and the realization that users cannot store all the data they require in MOLAP databases. ...
PDF
... Consider the problem of automatic physical design for database systems (e.g., [3, 9, 18]). Algorithms addressing this problem are rather complex and their recommendations crucially depend on the input databases. It is therefore advisable to check whether the expected behavior of a new approach (both ...
... Consider the problem of automatic physical design for database systems (e.g., [3, 9, 18]). Algorithms addressing this problem are rather complex and their recommendations crucially depend on the input databases. It is therefore advisable to check whether the expected behavior of a new approach (both ...
LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGN Learning Units
... A collection of relations relevant for an application constitute a relational database Relations are normalized to ensure that: Collection of relations do not unnecessarily hold duplicate data When a data item is modified it is modified in all relations where it appears - no inconsistency is the ...
... A collection of relations relevant for an application constitute a relational database Relations are normalized to ensure that: Collection of relations do not unnecessarily hold duplicate data When a data item is modified it is modified in all relations where it appears - no inconsistency is the ...
Document
... How to organize data required in an application as relations The need for normalizing relations The various normal forms and their relevance How to normalize relations to successive higher normal forms to form a relational database The need for an integrated database in organizations The goals of Da ...
... How to organize data required in an application as relations The need for normalizing relations The various normal forms and their relevance How to normalize relations to successive higher normal forms to form a relational database The need for an integrated database in organizations The goals of Da ...
Lecture 10, Database Usage 3
... What can we do to fix it? The only way that we get the desired behavior is if both A and B may perform the operations (list)(book) without the other doing a (book) in the middle! ...
... What can we do to fix it? The only way that we get the desired behavior is if both A and B may perform the operations (list)(book) without the other doing a (book) in the middle! ...
mod-9
... /* Note: test for extraneous attributes done using Fc, not F*/ If an extraneous attribute is found, delete it from a until F does not change Note: Union rule may become applicable after some extraneous attributes have been deleted, so it has to be re-applied ...
... /* Note: test for extraneous attributes done using Fc, not F*/ If an extraneous attribute is found, delete it from a until F does not change Note: Union rule may become applicable after some extraneous attributes have been deleted, so it has to be re-applied ...
How to Use the PowerPoint Template
... • Enables distributed transactions to be done across multiple XA resources • Can even be cross domain (warning: complicated setup!) • Configuration settings for JTA are applicable at the domain level. This means that configuration attribute settings (e.g. timeout) apply to all servers within a domai ...
... • Enables distributed transactions to be done across multiple XA resources • Can even be cross domain (warning: complicated setup!) • Configuration settings for JTA are applicable at the domain level. This means that configuration attribute settings (e.g. timeout) apply to all servers within a domai ...
Why Transactions?
... Transaction context does not flow by default Transaction flow is separate from transaction usage Transaction context is set at method invocation, and not at object creation time ...
... Transaction context does not flow by default Transaction flow is separate from transaction usage Transaction context is set at method invocation, and not at object creation time ...
mia_1
... If you succeeded in creating the table, you will get the same result as the one shown on the next page. MySql In Action ...
... If you succeeded in creating the table, you will get the same result as the one shown on the next page. MySql In Action ...
Module 1 – Background - Dalhousie University
... General form of an expression in Tuple Relational Calculus { S1.a1, S2.a2, …, Sn.an | F(S1, S2, …, Sm)} m ≥ n Where S1, S2, …, Sm are tuple variables, each ai is an attribute of the relation over which Si ranges, and F is a formula A wff is made up of atoms, where atoms can be: - R(Si) where Si is ...
... General form of an expression in Tuple Relational Calculus { S1.a1, S2.a2, …, Sn.an | F(S1, S2, …, Sm)} m ≥ n Where S1, S2, …, Sm are tuple variables, each ai is an attribute of the relation over which Si ranges, and F is a formula A wff is made up of atoms, where atoms can be: - R(Si) where Si is ...
Insert Title Here
... If you want to insert a department, you can’t … until there is at least one employee Deletion Anomalies: if you delete an employee, is that dept. gone? was this the last employee in that dept? ...
... If you want to insert a department, you can’t … until there is at least one employee Deletion Anomalies: if you delete an employee, is that dept. gone? was this the last employee in that dept? ...
this presentation today
... – read by other session: another session waiting for block above – direct path read: read bypassing buffer cache directly into PGA ...
... – read by other session: another session waiting for block above – direct path read: read bypassing buffer cache directly into PGA ...
SQL2GMS - Amsterdam Optimization Modeling Group
... 3. Converting database tables to GAMS data Database tables can be considered as a generalization of a GAMS parameter. GAMS parameters are single valued indicating written as a table GAMS parameters have multiple index columns but just one value column. If the table is organized as multi-valued table ...
... 3. Converting database tables to GAMS data Database tables can be considered as a generalization of a GAMS parameter. GAMS parameters are single valued indicating written as a table GAMS parameters have multiple index columns but just one value column. If the table is organized as multi-valued table ...
103-2009: Using SAS® OLAP Server for a ROLAP
... The physical database design of any data warehouse should reflect the customer’s business, independent of any tool or application requirements. A normalized data model, snowflake schema, and star schema are all widely used as data models within the enterprises. SAS OLAP cubes support three types of ...
... The physical database design of any data warehouse should reflect the customer’s business, independent of any tool or application requirements. A normalized data model, snowflake schema, and star schema are all widely used as data models within the enterprises. SAS OLAP cubes support three types of ...
Document
... • The unique key clause lists attributes that comprise a candidate key. • The foreign key clause lists the attributes that comprise the foreign key and the name of the relation referenced by the foreign key. By default, a foreign key references the primary key attributes of the ...
... • The unique key clause lists attributes that comprise a candidate key. • The foreign key clause lists the attributes that comprise the foreign key and the name of the relation referenced by the foreign key. By default, a foreign key references the primary key attributes of the ...