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grammatical variation and change in spoken ontario
grammatical variation and change in spoken ontario

... reduction in verbal morphology can be ascribed to the progressive loss of or breakdown in the conditioning contexts most favourable to its maintenance. The present study contributes not only to our understanding of grammatical variation and change in Canadian varieties of French, but also to the gro ...
Brighter than Gold: Figurative Language in User
Brighter than Gold: Figurative Language in User

... to determine whether a displayed sentence is indeed a comparison between the highlighted words (T OPIC and V EHICLE). Sentences qualified by two out of three annotators as comparisons are used in the second round, where the task is to rate how metaphorical a comparison is. We use a scale of 1 to 4 f ...
Intuitions and Competence in Formal Semantics
Intuitions and Competence in Formal Semantics

... this approach needs to be consistent with the actual manifestations of what it tries to capture. The point is, rather, that such constraints are global since such analyses do not make any empirical claims regarding the actual process underlying language acquisition and language use, both in producti ...
Spanish prepositions in Media Lengua
Spanish prepositions in Media Lengua

... restrictions to the borrowing of prepositions. These facts suggest that syntactic features like word order characteristics are not detachable from the lexical entry of a word in the process of borrowing, contrary to what Muysken (1997; 2000) predicts. The presence of prenominally (instead of postnom ...
chapter two - UM Students` Repository
chapter two - UM Students` Repository

... Morocco where the traditional and international Classic Arabic is spoken alongside Moroccan Arabic. He does not deal with analogous situations, where two distinct (related or unrelated) languages are used side by side throughout a speech community, each with its clearly defined role, such as Spanish ...
The scope of linguistic anthropology - Assets
The scope of linguistic anthropology - Assets

... goal of providing an understanding of the multifarious aspects of language as a set of cultural practices, that is, as a system of communication that allows for interpsychological (between individuals) and intrapsychological (in the same individual) representations of the social order and helps peop ...
The Creativity of Malaysian Netizens in using Curse Words M. K.
The Creativity of Malaysian Netizens in using Curse Words M. K.

... who contribute to the dynamic speech context. As a result of their interactions with local users, the language is also going through some changes; inadvertently contributing to how English in Malaysia has evolved, mostly through the process of appropriation - “the process of capturing and remolding ...
melanesian pidgin and second language acquisition
melanesian pidgin and second language acquisition

... These most fluent speakers of the prevailing pidgin interacted with English-speakers much more than did the laborers they recruited and supervised; many of them seem to have commanded a register closer to standard English as well as a pidgin that had come by the 1870s to incorporate many syntactic a ...
Language-Independent Socio-Emotional Role
Language-Independent Socio-Emotional Role

... from a 10 seconds long windows are used for this purpose. Later in [13], the use of the influence model, coupled HMMs generatively trained on audio and video activity features, was shown superior to the SVM. In this case, features were extracted from one minute long window during which the role of e ...
What Is the Sapir?Whorf Hypothesis? - Name
What Is the Sapir?Whorf Hypothesis? - Name

... A direct test of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis I will involve the following: for the linguistic variable, we select subjects from two languages that differ in color terminology. For example, English makes a basic lexical distinction (Berlin and Kay 1969:5ff) between the color categories ‘green’ and ‘bl ...
Language Contact and Morphosyntactic - Phil.
Language Contact and Morphosyntactic - Phil.

... learners’ varieties on the other. It was acquired by both young and adult speakers through contact with German colonists (see Deumert 2003:577 and 2009:374–379). Some of the most important morphosyntactic characteristics of Black Namibian German include the missing case and gender marking of nouns, ...
Strong Positions and Laryngeal Features in Yukatek Maya
Strong Positions and Laryngeal Features in Yukatek Maya

... (onsets, stressed σs, initial syllables, root-initial σs, and others) allow marked forms that are not permitted in other positions by virtue of the existence of faithfulness constraints relativized to each of these positions. We present novel data from two phonological processes in Yukatek Maya whic ...
linguistic varieties multiligual nations
linguistic varieties multiligual nations

... standard. They point out that purely linguistic considerations are rarely important. Though linguists may be involved in codification, their recommendations are generally guided by cultural or social factors such as prestige and usage, rather than by the intrinsic linguistic features of alternatives ...
Perception of tone contrasts in Cantonese as a heritage
Perception of tone contrasts in Cantonese as a heritage

... Ventureyra, V.A., Pallier, C., Yoo, H. (2004). The loss of first language phonetic perception in adopted Koreans. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 17, 79-91. Yeung, H. H., Chen, K. H., & Werker, J. F. (2013). When does native language input affect phonetic perception? The precocious case of lexical tone ...
Chapter 6 - Cengage Learning
Chapter 6 - Cengage Learning

... express abstract ideas every bit as effectively as native English speakers. ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... express abstract ideas every bit as effectively as native English speakers. ...
2. The ethnography of speaking and the structure of conversation
2. The ethnography of speaking and the structure of conversation

... The study of language must deal with the ‘real’ texts that form human communication and the social situations they are used in. The speech event is constituted by seven distinct factors, each associated with a different function: - speaker / writer, - hearer / reader, - message form (passed between ...
Ottenheimer 6 - Cynthia Clarke
Ottenheimer 6 - Cynthia Clarke

... Dialects are mutually intelligibility means that the speakers are using dialects of a language. Lack of mutual intelligibility means that the speakers are using different languages. ...
Political Speeches: Exertion of Power through Linguistic Means
Political Speeches: Exertion of Power through Linguistic Means

Language
Language

... 1. In America and England, there are regular differences between men’s speech and women’s speech that cut across sub-cultural boundaries. 2. The fact that women in these populations tend to speak a more standard dialect and use fewer power words is attributed to women’s lack of socioeconomic power. ...
Linguistics in Cognitive Science - Homepages | The University of
Linguistics in Cognitive Science - Homepages | The University of

... Example: Some say positive evidence is enough ...
1

Diaphoneme

A diaphoneme is an abstract phonological unit that identifies a correspondence between related sounds of two or more varieties of a language or language cluster. For example, the vowel that constitutes the English word eye is pronounced differently depending on dialect ([aɪ̯] or [ʌɪ̯] in RP and General American, [ae̯] or [əi̯] in Scottish English, [ɑɪ̯] in Australian English, [ɔɪ̯] in Irish English, [aː] in South African English, and [aː] or [əi̯] in Southern American English, etc.) but, in the appropriate context, all of these variants are perceived by speakers as equivalent, and thus constitute a single diaphoneme. The word diaphone was originally used with the same meaning, but was later repurposed to refer to any of the particular variants, making the relationship between diaphoneme and diaphone analogous to that between phoneme and allophone.Diaphonology studies the realization of diaphones across dialects, and is important if an orthography is to be adequate for more than one dialect of a language. In historical linguistics, it is concerned with the reflexes of an ancestral phoneme as a language splits into dialects, such as the modern realizations of Old English /oː/.
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