Section2.3
... alphabet is obtained by writing the letters of the resulting array column by column (starting with column 1) below the plaintext alphabet. ...
... alphabet is obtained by writing the letters of the resulting array column by column (starting with column 1) below the plaintext alphabet. ...
Squirrel Cage of Induction Motors Simulation via Simulink
... initializations were made so that all the motor parameters were known. So, all the parameters were formed an initialization file. This file assigns values to the machine parameter variables in the Simulink. Motor output data are investigated via changing the values before running simulation. The sim ...
... initializations were made so that all the motor parameters were known. So, all the parameters were formed an initialization file. This file assigns values to the machine parameter variables in the Simulink. Motor output data are investigated via changing the values before running simulation. The sim ...
compatible-development-of
... an electro-mechanical device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages. A rotor machine is an electro-mechanical device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages 1921 - Washington Naval Conference - U.S. negotiating team aided by decryption of Japanese diplomatic telegrams. The mes ...
... an electro-mechanical device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages. A rotor machine is an electro-mechanical device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages 1921 - Washington Naval Conference - U.S. negotiating team aided by decryption of Japanese diplomatic telegrams. The mes ...
Enigma machine
An Enigma machine was a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early to early-mid twentieth century for commercial and military usage. Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II. Several different Enigma models were produced, but the German military models are the most commonly recognised.German military messages enciphered on the Enigma machine were first broken by the Polish Cipher Bureau, beginning in December 1932. This success was a result of efforts by three Polish cryptologists, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski, working for Polish military intelligence. Rejewski reverse-engineered the device, using theoretical mathematics and material supplied by French military intelligence. Subsequently the three mathematicians designed mechanical devices for breaking Enigma ciphers, including the cryptologic bomb. From 1938 onwards, additional complexity was repeatedly added to the Enigma machines, making decryption more difficult and requiring further equipment and personnel—more than the Poles could readily produce.On 25 July 1939, in Warsaw, the Poles initiated French and British military intelligence representatives into their Enigma-decryption techniques and equipment, including Zygalski sheets and the cryptologic bomb, and promised each delegation a Polish-reconstructed Enigma. The demonstration represented a vital basis for the later British continuation and effort. During the war, British cryptologists decrypted a vast number of messages enciphered on Enigma. The intelligence gleaned from this source, codenamed ""Ultra"" by the British, was a substantial aid to the Allied war effort.Though Enigma had some cryptographic weaknesses, in practice it was German procedural flaws, operator mistakes, failure to systematically introduce changes in encipherment procedures, and Allied capture of key tables and hardware that, during the war, enabled Allied cryptologists to succeed.