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I M P R
I M P R

... as binders, lubricants, coating agents and sweeteners etc, all of which are compatible with the components of the chewing gum base in a suitable blender such as sigma mill or a high shear mixer. Alternatively a Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) can be used. The use of FBR is advantageous as it partially r ...
Product Monograph  January 4, 2017
Product Monograph January 4, 2017

... Serotonin Syndrome: ULTRAM® could cause a rare but potentially life-threatening condition resulting from concomitant administration of serotonergic drugs (e.g., anti-depressants, migraine medications). Treatment with the serotoninergic drug should be discontinued if such events (characterized by clu ...
intravitreal injection
intravitreal injection

... – Wheatlands (KS, NE, MO, West) – NHIC (CA, ME, MA, NH, VT) ...
HIV/AIDS Programme
HIV/AIDS Programme

... high-quality scientific studies for non-treatment related options, or observational cohort data, or, if insufficient evidence is available, on expert opinion, and they should be identified as such. The strength of the recommendations has been indicated as a guide to the degree to which they should b ...
Get to Know an Enzyme: CYP3A4
Get to Know an Enzyme: CYP3A4

... Times, we have discussed the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 (see www.PharmacyTimes.com/Drug Interactions). In the spirit of saving the best for last, in this issue, we will discuss the most important of all CYP450 enzymes: CYP3A4. It has been estimated that CYP3 ...
About HIV Infection - Folkehelseinstituttet
About HIV Infection - Folkehelseinstituttet

... Employees in the Armed Forces who have been diagnosed with HIV infection are not considered fit for operational service or operations abroad. They are considered fit for office service / staff service in Norway. ...
Unequal Treatment: Reconciling Approaches to HIV and Tuberculosis in the... Africa's National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB, 2012-2016
Unequal Treatment: Reconciling Approaches to HIV and Tuberculosis in the... Africa's National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB, 2012-2016

... poverty, and even more so of inequality, HIV and TB affect not only the same populations, but often the same patients; a patient presenting with TB in a South African clinic has a greater than 70% chance of being HIV-positive9. The situation is made even worse by the rise in drug-resistant strains ...
Nembutal® Sodium Solution
Nembutal® Sodium Solution

... Barbiturates are capable of producing all levels of CNS mood alteration from excitation to mild sedation, to hypnosis, and deep coma. Overdosage can produce death. In high enough therapeutic doses, barbiturates induce anesthesia. Barbiturates depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alte ...
Ballantyne and Mao NEJM Opioids
Ballantyne and Mao NEJM Opioids

... seedpod of the poppy (Papaver somniferum). People have used opium for the relief of pain and suffering for thousands of years. Before the 19th century, opium was cultivated and used chiefly in the Middle East, whereas in Europe and the United States it was a luxury available mainly to the elite. Dur ...
Deciphering the role of endogenous opioids in high frequency TENS
Deciphering the role of endogenous opioids in high frequency TENS

... Effect of naloxone on TENS analgesia Since the order of presentation greatly affected the pattern of results and because we did not want our results to be contaminated by carry-over effects, we analysed the first testing session only. To compensate for the lower power of the new analyses compared wi ...
Genetic polymorphism and drug interactions: their
Genetic polymorphism and drug interactions: their

... – tests needed to prevent one case of toxicity vs cost ...
Comparison of Hypertonic Saline to Epinephrine in
Comparison of Hypertonic Saline to Epinephrine in

... terms of respiratory distress and oxygen requirement in immediate post treatment period with bronchodilator therapy, found improvement3. These improvements are transient and do not help in reduction of hospital stay. It is clear that it is for this temporary but perceptible relief of symptoms that t ...
Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Clinical Practice
Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Clinical Practice

... that typically include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal state. The dependen ...
Positron Emission Tomography in CNS Drug Discovery and Drug
Positron Emission Tomography in CNS Drug Discovery and Drug

... control, and formulation, which also contribute to a GMPcompliant tracer production. Regulatory Requirements. Because radiotracers are considered to be drugs with respect to regulation, their production must follow the rules of cGMP. This guarantees a high standard for the quality of the radiotracer ...
Youth, Young Adults and HIV - American Academy of HIV Medicine
Youth, Young Adults and HIV - American Academy of HIV Medicine

... certainly don’t follow directions. These are not great next few years, over half of the people living with habits to facilitate prevention and treatment of HIV. HIV in the United States will be over 50 years of Plus, this is a generation that does not remember age, as well as one in six who are newl ...
Session 1. The Basics of HIV and AIDS
Session 1. The Basics of HIV and AIDS

... risk of infection from a single unit of HIV-infected whole blood is over 90 percent) and the sharing of needles among infected intravenous or injecting drug users. Health workers have become infected with HIV through needle pricks. Risk of transmission by a needle that has been used on an HIV-infect ...


... wearing hearing aids. If a patient has a hearing loss in the frequency range of the tinnitus, hearing aids may bring back in the ambient sounds that naturally cover the tinnitus. Biofeedback This is a relaxation technique that teaches people to control certain autonomic body functions, such as pulse ...
hiv presentations mely
hiv presentations mely

... vertical transmission and is less aggressive, with slower disease progression.  In Kenya the commonest type of HIV is type 1 with Subtype C as the most predominant in eastern Africa. However other subtypes are also found and recently HIV type 2 has also been discovered in the country. ...
FACTORS THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO EFFECTIVE
FACTORS THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO EFFECTIVE

... Blood to blood transmission Direct inoculation of the virus into the body as a result of using contaminated needles and syringes, as occurs in intravenous drug use (IVU) is the next commonest mode of transmission worldwide. This can also occur accidentally among health care providers through needle ...


... 24, April 20 and 21, June 27 and 28, August 15 and 16, September 2$ and 29, November 9 and 10, 1975 ; January 18 and 19, February 20 and 21, April 2 and 3, May 16 and 17, July 11 and 12, October S and 9, November 12 and 13, 1976 ; January 14 and 15, February 27 and 28, April 3 and 4, June 5 and 6, J ...
Juni | 2015 ISSN 1660-3656 Epileptologie | 32. Jahrgang
Juni | 2015 ISSN 1660-3656 Epileptologie | 32. Jahrgang

... most important milestone in the treatment of the epilepsies, and have fascinated scholars since millennia. Since historical (“Epileptologie” 4/2014) and inflammatory (“Epileptologie” 2/2014) aspects have been addressed recently, the proposed contributions focus on antiepileptic treatment in the begi ...
Diagnostic pitfalls of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia
Diagnostic pitfalls of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia

... standard tests, and by then, DIIHA workups had become very interesting. So she, too, was in the right place at the right time. The Immune Complex Mechanism The immune complex mechanism was proposed in the 1950s to 1960s to explain drug-induced thrombocytopenia (i.e., drug antibodies bind with the dr ...
tobacco addiction
tobacco addiction

... the promotion of smoke-free public spaces, and funding for tobacco prevention and cessation programs (2). In 2004 the European Commission reviewed the status of the EU countries regarding the development of their policies on smoking (3) and in this evaluation the six interventions considered to be m ...
Management of Intrathecal Catheter‐Tip Inflammatory Masses: An
Management of Intrathecal Catheter‐Tip Inflammatory Masses: An

... MRI scanning at the catheter tip is the imaging study of choice for diagnosis. Any patient developing a new area of pain, weakness or rapid escalation in intrathecal drug dose should be thoroughly assessed.” By November 2000, a total of 41 case reports of catheter-related inflammatory masses in pati ...
HTA How to develop cost-conscious guidelines M Eccles
HTA How to develop cost-conscious guidelines M Eccles

... rich, and the budgets of [health care] programmes are limited. For every dollar’s worth of health care that is consumed, a dollar will be paid. While these payments can be laundered, disguised or hidden, they will not go away”*. Such opportunity costs are a universal phenomenon. In the USA it has be ...
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Harm reduction



Harm reduction (or harm minimization) is a range of public health policies designed to reduce the harmful consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal. Harm reduction policies are used to manage behaviors such as recreational drug use and sexual activity in numerous settings that range from services through to geographical regions. Critics of harm reduction typically believe that tolerating risky or illegal behaviour sends a message to the community that such behaviours are acceptable and that some of the actions proposed by proponents of harm reduction do not reduce harm over the long term.Needle-exchange programmes reduce the likelihood of users of heroin and other drugs sharing the syringes and using them more than once. Syringe-sharing can lead to infections such as HIV or hepatitis C can spread from user to users through the reuse of syringes contaminated with infected blood. Needle and syringe programme (NSP) and Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) outlets in some settings offer basic primary health care. Safe injection site are legally sanctioned, medically supervised facilities designed to address public nuisance associated with drug use and provide a hygienic and stress-free environment for drug consumers. The facilities provide sterile injection equipment, information about drugs and basic health care, treatment referrals, and access to medical staff.Opioid replacement therapy (ORT), or opioid substitution therapy (OST), is the medical procedure of replacing an illegal opioid, such as heroin, with a longer acting but less euphoric opioid; methadone or buprenorphine are typically used and the drug is taken under medical supervision. Another approach is Heroin assisted treatment, in which medical prescriptions for pharmaceutical heroin (diacetylmorphine) are provided to heroin-dependent people. Toronto's Seaton House became the first homeless shelter in Canada to operate a ""wet shelter"" on a ""managed alcohol"" principle in which clients are served a glass of wine once an hour unless staff determine that they are too inebriated to continue. Previously, homeless alcoholics opted to stay on the streets often seeking alcohol from unsafe sources such as mouthwash, rubbing alcohol or industrial products which, in turn, resulted in frequent use of emergency medical facilities.A high amount of media coverage exists informing users of the dangers of driving drunk. Most alcohol users are now aware of these dangers and safe ride techniques like 'designated drivers' and free taxicab programmes are reducing the number of drunk-driving accidents. Many schools now provide safer sex education to teen and pre-teen students, who may engage in sexual activity. Since some adolescents are going to have sex, a harm-reductionist approach supports a sexual education which emphasizes the use of protective devices like condoms and dental dams to protect against unwanted pregnancy and the transmission of STIs. Since 1999 some countries have legalized prostitution, such as Germany (2002) and New Zealand (2003).Many street-level harm-reduction strategies have succeeded in reducing HIV transmission in injecting drug users and sex-workers. HIV education, HIV testing, condom use, and safer-sex negotiation greatly decreases the risk to the disease.
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