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... acceleration due to gravity Universal Gravitational Force is directly proportional to the universal gravitational constant, the mass of one object, the mass of another object and inversely proportional to the distance between the center of the objects squared work – product of parallel component of ...
Effective Field Theories
Effective Field Theories

... effective field theory is not to describe a system in every aspect but only up to a given energy scale. That means we are restricting ourselves to the low energy limit, where low is associated to some given energy scale Λ characteristic for the system, and following from Heisenberg's uncertainty pri ...
Annual Report 2011 - Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
Annual Report 2011 - Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics

... quickly repaired by a complete exchange of the computer. In addition to the desktop systems, which, are almost all younger than 5 years and which (in 2011) amount to more than 160 fully equipped working places, users have access to central number crunchers (about 20 machines, all 64-bit architecture ...
Conceptual Integrated Science, 2e (Hewitt et al
Conceptual Integrated Science, 2e (Hewitt et al

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Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in dwarf galaxies
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in dwarf galaxies

... 2014). A reatively good agreement with observations is also obtained by models of zero- (or very low-) metallicity massive “spinstars”, which experience mixing and mass loss because of their very high-rotational velocities (e.g. Meynet et al. 2006, 2010; Maeder et al. 2015). Recently, chemical evolu ...
Pulleys - OpenStax CNX
Pulleys - OpenStax CNX

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Chapter 2 Newtonian Mechanics I

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Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education

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AP Physics C – Practice Workbook – Book 1
AP Physics C – Practice Workbook – Book 1

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Far-ultraviolet and far-infrared bivariate luminosity function of galaxies:

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PSI AP Physics I Rotational Motion

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Newtons Lesson 10

... the scale to the roof, and suspends a mass from it. The scale reads 98 N when the elevator is at rest, and 93 N when the elevator is moving. a. In which direction is the elevator accelerating? b. What is the acceleration of the elevator? 23. A fish hangs from a spring scale supported from the roof o ...
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Problem 18.1 A horizontal force F = to the 1023 N refrigerator as

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Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies: Forces and Accelerations

... moment resultant about G have been determined. Given appropriate initial conditions, the coordinates x and y of the mass center and the angular coordinate u of the slab can then be obtained by integration at any instant t. Thus the motion of the slab is completely defined by the resultant and moment ...
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... a small section 0.5 m wide that has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.2. At the left end, is a spring with spring constant 250 N/m. The box compresses the spring, and is accelerated back to the right. What is the speed of the box at the bottom of the ramp? What is the maximum distance the sprin ...
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SPIRAL STRUCTURE IN THE OUTER GALACTIC

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Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines

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Armstrong on Quantities and Resemblance

Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines
Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines

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Modified Newtonian dynamics



In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.
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