mymaster - DUO
... seismic body waves are the P-waves (primary or compressional waves) and S-waves (secondary or shear waves). P-waves travel through all kind of materials including gases, liquids and solids and travel relatively fast at speeds between 1 to 14 km/s depending on the rock type. The motion which is produ ...
... seismic body waves are the P-waves (primary or compressional waves) and S-waves (secondary or shear waves). P-waves travel through all kind of materials including gases, liquids and solids and travel relatively fast at speeds between 1 to 14 km/s depending on the rock type. The motion which is produ ...
Mantle structure and tectonic history of SE Asia
... Fig. 2. Tomographic slices through model UU-P07 (Amaru, 2007) at selected depths. Colours indicate the P-wave wave-speed anomalies relative to the radial reference model ak135 of Kennett et al. (1995). Notice that the limits of the wave-speed anomaly scale change with depth. This depth variation fol ...
... Fig. 2. Tomographic slices through model UU-P07 (Amaru, 2007) at selected depths. Colours indicate the P-wave wave-speed anomalies relative to the radial reference model ak135 of Kennett et al. (1995). Notice that the limits of the wave-speed anomaly scale change with depth. This depth variation fol ...
The Contribution of Radiogenic Heat Production Studies to Hot Dry
... formation in the Clare Basin which has a mean HPR of 27.70 µW/m3. Excluding these from the dataset produces a median HPR of 1.90 ± 1.70 µW/m3. Sandstone also records anomalously high rates by comparison with global values. A possible explanation might be that most sandstone measurements derive from ...
... formation in the Clare Basin which has a mean HPR of 27.70 µW/m3. Excluding these from the dataset produces a median HPR of 1.90 ± 1.70 µW/m3. Sandstone also records anomalously high rates by comparison with global values. A possible explanation might be that most sandstone measurements derive from ...
Contrasting origins of Cenozoic silicic volcanic rocks from the
... reflective, dense rocks starting at a depth of about 10 km below the eastern Snake River Plain (Mabey 1978; Sparlin et al. 1982; Smith and Braile 1994; Peng and Humphreys 1998). This layer is thought to be an intrusive complex composed of variably differentiated tholeiitic gabbros and is commonly ca ...
... reflective, dense rocks starting at a depth of about 10 km below the eastern Snake River Plain (Mabey 1978; Sparlin et al. 1982; Smith and Braile 1994; Peng and Humphreys 1998). This layer is thought to be an intrusive complex composed of variably differentiated tholeiitic gabbros and is commonly ca ...
Older crust underlies Iceland
... spreading ridge. A block of oceanic crust that had formed on the eastern flank of the pre-existing ridge would thus have been ‘captured’ between the two ridges and subsequently submerged beneath younger subaerial lavas. The original western ridge is now extinct and spreading occurs only along the co ...
... spreading ridge. A block of oceanic crust that had formed on the eastern flank of the pre-existing ridge would thus have been ‘captured’ between the two ridges and subsequently submerged beneath younger subaerial lavas. The original western ridge is now extinct and spreading occurs only along the co ...
Solid or Liquid? Rock Behavior Within Earth
... of volcanoes and earthquakes suggested that continents were just parts of enormous “plates” that make up outer Earth. They proposed that as these plates moved and their edges interacted, earthquakes were generated, and magma rose to the surface between plates, producing volcanoes. Many geoscientist ...
... of volcanoes and earthquakes suggested that continents were just parts of enormous “plates” that make up outer Earth. They proposed that as these plates moved and their edges interacted, earthquakes were generated, and magma rose to the surface between plates, producing volcanoes. Many geoscientist ...
Wrench faults down to the asthenosphere
... foliation is steeply dipping, the mineral-stretching lineation is sub-horizontal and consistent shearsense criteria are observed. Outside the shear zones, the granulites that form the country-rock display a low-angle foliation and the fabric is metamorphic-migmatitic rather than mylonitic. According ...
... foliation is steeply dipping, the mineral-stretching lineation is sub-horizontal and consistent shearsense criteria are observed. Outside the shear zones, the granulites that form the country-rock display a low-angle foliation and the fabric is metamorphic-migmatitic rather than mylonitic. According ...
Total 3 marks
... Read the passage, which is from the start of a magazine article. It will help you to answer the questions. ...
... Read the passage, which is from the start of a magazine article. It will help you to answer the questions. ...
The mechanics of progressive deformation in crustal plates
... the roles of subduction, rifting and shearing in crustal deformation integrating them to form a dynamic and progressive system driven by a single westward directed continuous force. The Southeast Asian crustal complex overlies the Pacific Plate at the intersection of the Pacific, Eurasian and Austra ...
... the roles of subduction, rifting and shearing in crustal deformation integrating them to form a dynamic and progressive system driven by a single westward directed continuous force. The Southeast Asian crustal complex overlies the Pacific Plate at the intersection of the Pacific, Eurasian and Austra ...
Extension Tectonics - Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics
... We Discuss …Expressions of Extensional Tectonics • Today’s divergent plate boundaries • Ocean Ridges • Lithologies • Failed Rifts • Structural Styles • Pure shear systems • Simple shear systems • Stretching factor • Metamorphic core complexes • Isostasy • Rift evolution • Passive margins • Causes o ...
... We Discuss …Expressions of Extensional Tectonics • Today’s divergent plate boundaries • Ocean Ridges • Lithologies • Failed Rifts • Structural Styles • Pure shear systems • Simple shear systems • Stretching factor • Metamorphic core complexes • Isostasy • Rift evolution • Passive margins • Causes o ...
Open-File Report O-06-11, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Sexton
... up to 10 km along strike. Several quarries expose antiforms and synforms that indicate the marble (and presumable the enclosing meta-sedimentary rock) is tightly folded. In several places marble overlies lava flows. This suggests that environments favorable for limestone deposition were isolated fro ...
... up to 10 km along strike. Several quarries expose antiforms and synforms that indicate the marble (and presumable the enclosing meta-sedimentary rock) is tightly folded. In several places marble overlies lava flows. This suggests that environments favorable for limestone deposition were isolated fro ...
Geology and U-Pb geochronology of the Annidale Group, southern
... Coote Hill Ridge area (Fig. 1). In the Annidale area, the group is divisible into three main sequences distinguished by lithology and structure (Fig. 2). The southern and central sequences are the focus of this study. The southern sequence, here termed the East Scotch Settlement Formation, consists ...
... Coote Hill Ridge area (Fig. 1). In the Annidale area, the group is divisible into three main sequences distinguished by lithology and structure (Fig. 2). The southern and central sequences are the focus of this study. The southern sequence, here termed the East Scotch Settlement Formation, consists ...
Living Things - Mountain View Middle School
... Earth’s surface? You know that if you want to open a bottle of soda, you must do so carefully. Otherwise, the soda might spray out of the bottle as soon as you loosen the cap. What causes the soda to rush out with such force? How is this similar to what happens when a volcano erupts? Explain. ...
... Earth’s surface? You know that if you want to open a bottle of soda, you must do so carefully. Otherwise, the soda might spray out of the bottle as soon as you loosen the cap. What causes the soda to rush out with such force? How is this similar to what happens when a volcano erupts? Explain. ...
Gifford Bay Trail. - Jersey Geology Trail
... who cite the work of Casimir & Henson (1955) and Thomas (1977) who identified a variety of terrestrial, fluviatile and lacustrine situations. This is in contrast to the environments elsewhere, and recently the ignimbrites have been considered rheomorphic or flow types and there is much discussion ab ...
... who cite the work of Casimir & Henson (1955) and Thomas (1977) who identified a variety of terrestrial, fluviatile and lacustrine situations. This is in contrast to the environments elsewhere, and recently the ignimbrites have been considered rheomorphic or flow types and there is much discussion ab ...
GEOLOGIST'S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Produced by Teacher’s Guide by
... inner heat creates bulges in the crust. Bulges start with giant plumes, bubbles of extra hot heat rising from deep within Earth. Sometimes they push so hard against the plates, they create a bulge. An example of a plume that causes hotspots and geysers can be found below Yellowstone National Park, i ...
... inner heat creates bulges in the crust. Bulges start with giant plumes, bubbles of extra hot heat rising from deep within Earth. Sometimes they push so hard against the plates, they create a bulge. An example of a plume that causes hotspots and geysers can be found below Yellowstone National Park, i ...
GEOMORPHOLOGY AND MOUNTAIN BUILDING
... The plains of Western Australia and Africa are about as flat as any erosional land surface can get (fig. Za). Very complex structures including folds, faults and highly sheared metamorphic zones underlie the plains (fig. 2b). Nobody suggests that these structures formed the planation surface. Yet wh ...
... The plains of Western Australia and Africa are about as flat as any erosional land surface can get (fig. Za). Very complex structures including folds, faults and highly sheared metamorphic zones underlie the plains (fig. 2b). Nobody suggests that these structures formed the planation surface. Yet wh ...
NWGS Swauk-Snoq
... episode are 55-36 Ma and are widespread throughout Washington (Fig. 4). The well known O’Brien Creek Formation, the Sanpoil Volcanics, and Klondike Mountain Formation near Republic in northeastern Washington are in this sequence. In the vicinity of this field trip, Challis units east of the Straight ...
... episode are 55-36 Ma and are widespread throughout Washington (Fig. 4). The well known O’Brien Creek Formation, the Sanpoil Volcanics, and Klondike Mountain Formation near Republic in northeastern Washington are in this sequence. In the vicinity of this field trip, Challis units east of the Straight ...
Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of oceanic plutonic rocks
... oceanic crust and presumably comprise most of oceanic layer 3. Detailed petrologic and isotopic studies of oceanic gabbros have suggested that metamorphic recrystallization is related to deformation and/or interaction with seawater during the progressive cooling of the gabbroic sequence (STAKESet al ...
... oceanic crust and presumably comprise most of oceanic layer 3. Detailed petrologic and isotopic studies of oceanic gabbros have suggested that metamorphic recrystallization is related to deformation and/or interaction with seawater during the progressive cooling of the gabbroic sequence (STAKESet al ...
Ringwood Phase transformations and their bearing on the
... bulk chemical composition of the Upper Mantle (“pyrolite”) is derived from experimental and petrological studies of the complementary relationships between basaltic magmas and refractory peridotites. The phase transformations which are experienced by pyrolite between depths of 100-800 km are reviewe ...
... bulk chemical composition of the Upper Mantle (“pyrolite”) is derived from experimental and petrological studies of the complementary relationships between basaltic magmas and refractory peridotites. The phase transformations which are experienced by pyrolite between depths of 100-800 km are reviewe ...
Ontario geological map atlas: bedrock geology
... range in age, from 3.17 to 2.71 Ga. These suites have been intruded by plutons of massive tonalite. Muscovite-bearing granitic rocks (unit 13), which formed between 2.67 and 2.69 Ga, predominate in the metasedimentary subprovinces and postdate tonalites in those subprovinces. Two-mica granites also ...
... range in age, from 3.17 to 2.71 Ga. These suites have been intruded by plutons of massive tonalite. Muscovite-bearing granitic rocks (unit 13), which formed between 2.67 and 2.69 Ga, predominate in the metasedimentary subprovinces and postdate tonalites in those subprovinces. Two-mica granites also ...
Speech PowerPoint tips
... Keep It Simple (Text) • Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates me ...
... Keep It Simple (Text) • Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates me ...
~her~o-mechanical ~od~~~ing of arc
... Other subduction zones show a similar pattern; low heat flow (< 40 mW m-*) in the arc-trench region and high heat flow in the volcanic zone and the back-arc region (e.g. Watanabe et al., 1977). The increase in heat flow near the volcanic line may be somewhat more gradual than is suggested by the dat ...
... Other subduction zones show a similar pattern; low heat flow (< 40 mW m-*) in the arc-trench region and high heat flow in the volcanic zone and the back-arc region (e.g. Watanabe et al., 1977). The increase in heat flow near the volcanic line may be somewhat more gradual than is suggested by the dat ...
Structures, Mountains and Continents
... that have moved Folds, fractures and faults can occur at any spatial scale, from very small to very big The spatial orientation of planes such as rock layers is described using Strike and Dip Types of faults include normal (extensional), reverse (compressional) and strike-slip (side to side) Folds p ...
... that have moved Folds, fractures and faults can occur at any spatial scale, from very small to very big The spatial orientation of planes such as rock layers is described using Strike and Dip Types of faults include normal (extensional), reverse (compressional) and strike-slip (side to side) Folds p ...
Evidence for plate tectonics, part 1
... • Continental rises have somewhat steeper slopes than the ocean floor beyond. – Along passive margins, sediments may spread out from the continental rise to form vast abyssal plains. – Along active margins, the continental rise may descend into ...
... • Continental rises have somewhat steeper slopes than the ocean floor beyond. – Along passive margins, sediments may spread out from the continental rise to form vast abyssal plains. – Along active margins, the continental rise may descend into ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.