Mantle convection in the Middle East_ Reconciling Afar upwelling
... measurements. The AAA velocity field with respect to Eurasia shows an anti-clockwise toroidal pattern, with increasing velocities toward the Aegean trench. The best match to these crustal motions can be obtained by combining the effect of slab pull exerted in the Aegean with a mantle upwelling undern ...
... measurements. The AAA velocity field with respect to Eurasia shows an anti-clockwise toroidal pattern, with increasing velocities toward the Aegean trench. The best match to these crustal motions can be obtained by combining the effect of slab pull exerted in the Aegean with a mantle upwelling undern ...
What are the FOUR (4) WAYS our Earth*s PLATES MOVE?
... Is it ocean crust from ocean crust diverging? ...
... Is it ocean crust from ocean crust diverging? ...
Geology, 39
... Greenland eclogites supports the observation by Shirey and Richardson (2011) that mantle eclogite materials older than 3.0 Ga appear absent from the cratonic record. They suggest that the appearance of cratonic eclogites in most cratons after 3.0 Ga marks the onset of the Wilson Cycle of plate tecto ...
... Greenland eclogites supports the observation by Shirey and Richardson (2011) that mantle eclogite materials older than 3.0 Ga appear absent from the cratonic record. They suggest that the appearance of cratonic eclogites in most cratons after 3.0 Ga marks the onset of the Wilson Cycle of plate tecto ...
geochemical study of the çaşurtepe formation
... developed intense hydrothermal alteration areas. Massive lavas of the volcanic sequence are calc-alkaline andesitic and locally rhyo-dasitic in composition with high SiO2 content (> % 54). These have LIL-element enrichment relative to N-type MORB and show Nb depletion relative to LREE (La, Ce, Nd). ...
... developed intense hydrothermal alteration areas. Massive lavas of the volcanic sequence are calc-alkaline andesitic and locally rhyo-dasitic in composition with high SiO2 content (> % 54). These have LIL-element enrichment relative to N-type MORB and show Nb depletion relative to LREE (La, Ce, Nd). ...
plate boundaries
... QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. ...
... QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. ...
GSA2015-RUIGUANG PAN
... Data Background: Miocene rocks in western Panama and eastern Costa Rica. Grouping: Five groups based on their geochemistry, ages and tectonic background: 1) Tholeiite (17-11 Ma) (Abratis et al. 2001, Wegner et al. 2010), 2) Calc-alkaline (12-8 Ma) (Abratis et al. 2001, Wegner et al. 2010), 3) Bo ...
... Data Background: Miocene rocks in western Panama and eastern Costa Rica. Grouping: Five groups based on their geochemistry, ages and tectonic background: 1) Tholeiite (17-11 Ma) (Abratis et al. 2001, Wegner et al. 2010), 2) Calc-alkaline (12-8 Ma) (Abratis et al. 2001, Wegner et al. 2010), 3) Bo ...
UNIT 3: DYNAMIC EARTH Chapter 9: Volcanoes
... occurs during an earthquake. 5. Epicenter-The point on the earth's surface directly above the ...
... occurs during an earthquake. 5. Epicenter-The point on the earth's surface directly above the ...
Anomalously fast convergence of India and Eurasia caused by
... We model the pre-collisional convergence of India and Eurasia as coupled double subduction. The initial geometry is chosen to be consistent with the plate reconstructions shown in Fig. 1 and other constraints given in Supplementary Table e1. The initial model distance from the Eurasian margin to the ...
... We model the pre-collisional convergence of India and Eurasia as coupled double subduction. The initial geometry is chosen to be consistent with the plate reconstructions shown in Fig. 1 and other constraints given in Supplementary Table e1. The initial model distance from the Eurasian margin to the ...
Title: Physiography of the Ocean Basins
... f. Ocean trenches: Ocean trenches are long, narrow, steep-sided depressions found on the ocean floor that contain the greatest depths in the ocean (11,000 meters - western Pacific). There are 26 oceanic trenches in the world: 3 in the Atlantic Ocean, 1 in the Indian Ocean, and 22 in the Pacific Ocea ...
... f. Ocean trenches: Ocean trenches are long, narrow, steep-sided depressions found on the ocean floor that contain the greatest depths in the ocean (11,000 meters - western Pacific). There are 26 oceanic trenches in the world: 3 in the Atlantic Ocean, 1 in the Indian Ocean, and 22 in the Pacific Ocea ...
EarthComm_c2s6_185-197
... Geo Words supercontinent: a large continent consisting of all of Earth’s continental lithosphere. Supercontinents are assembled by plate tectonic processes of subduction and continent-continent collision. ...
... Geo Words supercontinent: a large continent consisting of all of Earth’s continental lithosphere. Supercontinents are assembled by plate tectonic processes of subduction and continent-continent collision. ...
Volcanoes
... Divergent Plate Boundaries Iceland is a large island in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is near the Arctic Circle and therefore Figure 6 This diagram shows has some glaciers. Iceland has volcanic activity because it is part how volcanic activity occurs where of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth’s plates mo ...
... Divergent Plate Boundaries Iceland is a large island in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is near the Arctic Circle and therefore Figure 6 This diagram shows has some glaciers. Iceland has volcanic activity because it is part how volcanic activity occurs where of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Earth’s plates mo ...
Mineralogy of Au Mineralization at the Quebradona Creek, Jericó
... GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Quebradona Creek area is located in the Middle Cauca river region, between the Central and Western cordilleras of the Colombian Andes. Local geology comprises large outcrops of volcanosedimentary rocks of the late Miocene Combia Formation, which are intruded by hypabyssal intr ...
... GEOLOGICAL SETTING The Quebradona Creek area is located in the Middle Cauca river region, between the Central and Western cordilleras of the Colombian Andes. Local geology comprises large outcrops of volcanosedimentary rocks of the late Miocene Combia Formation, which are intruded by hypabyssal intr ...
Year 10 (Form 4) (Option)
... Describe the basic characteristics of the core ( i.e. inner - solid, outer semi-molten, very high temperatures), mantle ( i.e. semi-molten, magma) and crust (outer shell, solid rocks). ...
... Describe the basic characteristics of the core ( i.e. inner - solid, outer semi-molten, very high temperatures), mantle ( i.e. semi-molten, magma) and crust (outer shell, solid rocks). ...
Earthquakes
... rock shatters, creating faults Faults usually occur along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion compress, pull, or shear the crust too much so the crust smashes ...
... rock shatters, creating faults Faults usually occur along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion compress, pull, or shear the crust too much so the crust smashes ...
The World of Rocks and Minerals - Everything You Need to Succeed
... When a volcano erupts, lava can burst onto Earth’s surface. Lava is the name given to molten rock after it reaches the surface. Once lava is on the surface, it cools quickly. It may only take a few days to become solid igneous rock. Mineral crystals form as lava cools. When lava cools quickly, miner ...
... When a volcano erupts, lava can burst onto Earth’s surface. Lava is the name given to molten rock after it reaches the surface. Once lava is on the surface, it cools quickly. It may only take a few days to become solid igneous rock. Mineral crystals form as lava cools. When lava cools quickly, miner ...
Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the North Atlantic Journal of the
... unpublished). Between the two OBS profiles along the eastern side of the Jan Mayen Ridge the continent–ocean boundary is also marked by a steep gradient in the bathymetry, Bouguer map and free-air gravity map. Its imprint in the magnetic data is not clear because of poor data coverage, but the inter ...
... unpublished). Between the two OBS profiles along the eastern side of the Jan Mayen Ridge the continent–ocean boundary is also marked by a steep gradient in the bathymetry, Bouguer map and free-air gravity map. Its imprint in the magnetic data is not clear because of poor data coverage, but the inter ...
Petrogenesis of the Eocene and Mio–Pliocene alkaline basaltic
... The MCC, and a major portion of the Patagonian Plateau Lavas, are located just above the inferred location of the subducted Chile Ridge segment that collided with the South American plate ~6 Ma ago (SCR–1, Fig. 1B). This collision has been demonstrated to produce different major effects at the surfa ...
... The MCC, and a major portion of the Patagonian Plateau Lavas, are located just above the inferred location of the subducted Chile Ridge segment that collided with the South American plate ~6 Ma ago (SCR–1, Fig. 1B). This collision has been demonstrated to produce different major effects at the surfa ...
Possible density segregation of subducted oceanic
... profile corresponds to a 50 Myr old slab with its top and bottom held at 1400 °C). The colored bar at the top of the figure refers to the pre-subduction structure of the oceanic lithosphere. The long horizontal bar (in beige) represents the approximate temperature (600–700 °C) above which serpentine ...
... profile corresponds to a 50 Myr old slab with its top and bottom held at 1400 °C). The colored bar at the top of the figure refers to the pre-subduction structure of the oceanic lithosphere. The long horizontal bar (in beige) represents the approximate temperature (600–700 °C) above which serpentine ...
cyclicity in cordilleran orogenic systems
... rejuvenates the supply of melt-fertile lithosphere and the arc root begins to reform over the ensuing 20–30 Myr (Figs 4c). Crustal shortening and magmatic flux are out of phase (Fig. 4a, b). The duration of magmatic lulls between HFE’s is controlled by the amount of time required for retroarc undert ...
... rejuvenates the supply of melt-fertile lithosphere and the arc root begins to reform over the ensuing 20–30 Myr (Figs 4c). Crustal shortening and magmatic flux are out of phase (Fig. 4a, b). The duration of magmatic lulls between HFE’s is controlled by the amount of time required for retroarc undert ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.