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... Presentation of results We have chosen to present results for several inversions, shown in Figs 4,s and 6, in order to be able to judge the stability of the models obtained with respect to changes in the initial model specifications and the possible influence of heterogeneities outside the volume sa ...
... Presentation of results We have chosen to present results for several inversions, shown in Figs 4,s and 6, in order to be able to judge the stability of the models obtained with respect to changes in the initial model specifications and the possible influence of heterogeneities outside the volume sa ...
IASbaba`s Prelims 60 Day Plan – Day 52 (Geography) 2017
... Where the crust is destroyed as one plate dived under another. The location where sinking of a plate occurs is called a subduction zone. There are three ways in which convergence can occur. These are: (i) between an oceanic and continental plate; (ii) between two oceanic plates; and (iii) between tw ...
... Where the crust is destroyed as one plate dived under another. The location where sinking of a plate occurs is called a subduction zone. There are three ways in which convergence can occur. These are: (i) between an oceanic and continental plate; (ii) between two oceanic plates; and (iii) between tw ...
LitMod3D: An interactive 3-D software to model the
... density (bulk and single phase), seismic wave velocities, geoid and gravity anomalies, elevation, and lithospheric strength for any given model. These outputs can be used to obtain thermal and compositional models of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle that simultaneously fit all availa ...
... density (bulk and single phase), seismic wave velocities, geoid and gravity anomalies, elevation, and lithospheric strength for any given model. These outputs can be used to obtain thermal and compositional models of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle that simultaneously fit all availa ...
Metamorphic Notes
... • Partial melting during metamorphism produces migmatites – Migmatites exhibit both intrusive igneous and foliated metamorphic textures ...
... • Partial melting during metamorphism produces migmatites – Migmatites exhibit both intrusive igneous and foliated metamorphic textures ...
TennMaps_MineralResources
... The mineralogical changes caused by the heat or pressure of metamorphism also can produce economic mineral deposits Graphite, a mineral composed solely of carbon, is used in “lead” pencils, in batteries, as a lubricant and many application where its high melting point are of use Marble is a very pop ...
... The mineralogical changes caused by the heat or pressure of metamorphism also can produce economic mineral deposits Graphite, a mineral composed solely of carbon, is used in “lead” pencils, in batteries, as a lubricant and many application where its high melting point are of use Marble is a very pop ...
Slide 1
... The mineralogical changes caused by the heat or pressure of metamorphism also can produce economic mineral deposits Graphite, a mineral composed solely of carbon, is used in “lead” pencils, in batteries, as a lubricant and many application where its high melting point are of use Marble is a very pop ...
... The mineralogical changes caused by the heat or pressure of metamorphism also can produce economic mineral deposits Graphite, a mineral composed solely of carbon, is used in “lead” pencils, in batteries, as a lubricant and many application where its high melting point are of use Marble is a very pop ...
fieldwork, Turkey
... closure of a large ocean (the Tethys Ocean) and later continental collision. There is a large mountain range, the Pontides, ~350km to the north east of these basins composed of a suite of volcanic rocks. These volcanic rocks are traditionally interpreted as part of a continental margin-type magmatic ...
... closure of a large ocean (the Tethys Ocean) and later continental collision. There is a large mountain range, the Pontides, ~350km to the north east of these basins composed of a suite of volcanic rocks. These volcanic rocks are traditionally interpreted as part of a continental margin-type magmatic ...
Natural Disasters ppt
... They also reduce speed when moving through hotter material. These changes in direction and velocity are the means of locating discontinuities. Seismic discontinuities (a surface at which velocities of seismic waves change abruptly) aid in distinguishing divisions of the Earth into inner core, oute ...
... They also reduce speed when moving through hotter material. These changes in direction and velocity are the means of locating discontinuities. Seismic discontinuities (a surface at which velocities of seismic waves change abruptly) aid in distinguishing divisions of the Earth into inner core, oute ...
Geology of granite - Royal Society of Western Australia
... content (quartz less than 20%), granite grades into (potassium feldspar - rich) syenite, monzonite, and (plagioclase-rich) quartz monzonite. For simplicity in this review, all these rocks of the granite family are referred to broadly as granite. They are all generally massive, coarse grained rocks, ...
... content (quartz less than 20%), granite grades into (potassium feldspar - rich) syenite, monzonite, and (plagioclase-rich) quartz monzonite. For simplicity in this review, all these rocks of the granite family are referred to broadly as granite. They are all generally massive, coarse grained rocks, ...
Pacific plate slab pull and intraplate deformation in the
... We run four subduction-driven models which start with surface reconstructions at 62, 52, 47 and 42 Ma and include the previous 10 million years of subduction material for each time period as an initial condition. The resulting model deformation at the surface of the plate, inferred from the second d ...
... We run four subduction-driven models which start with surface reconstructions at 62, 52, 47 and 42 Ma and include the previous 10 million years of subduction material for each time period as an initial condition. The resulting model deformation at the surface of the plate, inferred from the second d ...
AICE Env Day 1 Types of Faults Foldable Booklet
... relative to each other. This movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the form of creep. Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. Most faults produce repeated displacements over geologic time. During an earthquake, the ro ...
... relative to each other. This movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the form of creep. Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. Most faults produce repeated displacements over geologic time. During an earthquake, the ro ...
Young scientists focus on the dynamics of the lithosphere
... introducing the various scientific components needed for an integrated approach to lithosphere dynamics, much of the connections forged between young researchers occurred during the formal and informal discussions. ...
... introducing the various scientific components needed for an integrated approach to lithosphere dynamics, much of the connections forged between young researchers occurred during the formal and informal discussions. ...
Dynamic lithosphere within the Great Basin
... lithosphere has been removed, likely via inflow of hot asthenosphere as subduction of the Farallon spreading center occurred and the region extended. In our proposed model, fragments of thermal lithosphere removed by this process were gravitationally unstable and subsequently sank into the underlying ...
... lithosphere has been removed, likely via inflow of hot asthenosphere as subduction of the Farallon spreading center occurred and the region extended. In our proposed model, fragments of thermal lithosphere removed by this process were gravitationally unstable and subsequently sank into the underlying ...
first quarter syllabus
... LESSON 2: Rocks provide a timeline for Earth. LESSON 3: The Geologic time scale shows Earth’s past. LESSON 1 18. Describe how rocks and fossils give clues to Earth’s past. 19. Describe what “original remains” are and in what three mediums they will occur. 20. Describe the process of fossil formation ...
... LESSON 2: Rocks provide a timeline for Earth. LESSON 3: The Geologic time scale shows Earth’s past. LESSON 1 18. Describe how rocks and fossils give clues to Earth’s past. 19. Describe what “original remains” are and in what three mediums they will occur. 20. Describe the process of fossil formation ...
EXCURSION GUIDES FOR THE FIELD TRIPS
... area of the plateau. ,??he positions d the recorded submarine eruptions also fit into the linear tectonic trend of the region. As in other volcanic areas, radial and ring structures are common and mostly control the evolution of the central volcano. For the mid-Atlantic islands, the Azores show the ...
... area of the plateau. ,??he positions d the recorded submarine eruptions also fit into the linear tectonic trend of the region. As in other volcanic areas, radial and ring structures are common and mostly control the evolution of the central volcano. For the mid-Atlantic islands, the Azores show the ...
Water transportation from the subducting slab into the mantle
... hydrothermal fluid-alteration (“ocean-floor metamorphism” of Miyashiro, 1973). The crust generated at a mid-oceanic ridge is about 7 km thick, and the top 800 m is hydrated by reacting with the circulating hydrothermal water (Fig. 2). Beneath the 800 m depth, the crust is essentially dry except alon ...
... hydrothermal fluid-alteration (“ocean-floor metamorphism” of Miyashiro, 1973). The crust generated at a mid-oceanic ridge is about 7 km thick, and the top 800 m is hydrated by reacting with the circulating hydrothermal water (Fig. 2). Beneath the 800 m depth, the crust is essentially dry except alon ...
Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis
... "...In order not to travel any further into the realm of fantasy than is absolutely necessary I shall hold as closely as possibly to a uniformitarian approach. . . ” - Harry Hammond Hess, "History of Ocean Basins," 1962 It all came together in the early 1960s. A number of scientists put the evidence ...
... "...In order not to travel any further into the realm of fantasy than is absolutely necessary I shall hold as closely as possibly to a uniformitarian approach. . . ” - Harry Hammond Hess, "History of Ocean Basins," 1962 It all came together in the early 1960s. A number of scientists put the evidence ...
Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
... a) its surface is ancient and has not been altered by volcanism, erosion or tectonics since the time of the heavy bombardment. b) parts of the surface are ancient, while others have been resurfaced within the last 100 million years. c) the entire planet was resurfaced about 750 million years ago. ...
... a) its surface is ancient and has not been altered by volcanism, erosion or tectonics since the time of the heavy bombardment. b) parts of the surface are ancient, while others have been resurfaced within the last 100 million years. c) the entire planet was resurfaced about 750 million years ago. ...
Ch. 6 Earthquakes
... Material Amplification - Seismic waves travel differently through different rock materials, and propagate faster through dense and solid rocks. The intensity (amplitude of vertical movement) of ground shaking is more severe in unconsolidated materials - “weaker” or “looser” materials such as fine-gr ...
... Material Amplification - Seismic waves travel differently through different rock materials, and propagate faster through dense and solid rocks. The intensity (amplitude of vertical movement) of ground shaking is more severe in unconsolidated materials - “weaker” or “looser” materials such as fine-gr ...
Crustal Deformation
... Folds and Foliation • On a small scale (microscopic to centimeters), foliation forms by a variety of mechanisms, but always at right angles to the direction of greatest compression • On a large scale (centimeters to kilometers), rocks fold. The axial plane of the fold is also at right angles to the ...
... Folds and Foliation • On a small scale (microscopic to centimeters), foliation forms by a variety of mechanisms, but always at right angles to the direction of greatest compression • On a large scale (centimeters to kilometers), rocks fold. The axial plane of the fold is also at right angles to the ...
Mid-ocean ridges
... zone only a few kilometres wide at the ridge axis. Surface volcanism, sometimes in the form of pillow lava, occurs but most of the magma solidifies within dykes and layered intrusives at greater depths. The new rocks thus generated are then transported away from the ridge axis by the continuous proc ...
... zone only a few kilometres wide at the ridge axis. Surface volcanism, sometimes in the form of pillow lava, occurs but most of the magma solidifies within dykes and layered intrusives at greater depths. The new rocks thus generated are then transported away from the ridge axis by the continuous proc ...
geology of the tavan har area, gobi, mongolia
... to be Ordovician, is Carboniferous. 3. The Lower Cretaceous rift-related rocks include a diverse suite of lithologies (fluvial and debris-flow conglomerates, lacustrine mudstones and carbonates, and air-fall tephra) and fossils (fish, bivalves, gastropods, and ...
... to be Ordovician, is Carboniferous. 3. The Lower Cretaceous rift-related rocks include a diverse suite of lithologies (fluvial and debris-flow conglomerates, lacustrine mudstones and carbonates, and air-fall tephra) and fossils (fish, bivalves, gastropods, and ...
Grand Challenges in Geodynamics
... Earth’s interior was orders of magnitude higher shortly after Earth’s formation. The expectation, thus, is a very active early Earth that potentially experienced a variety of irreversible differentiation processes; one clear example being core formation. Yet we know surprisingly little about the con ...
... Earth’s interior was orders of magnitude higher shortly after Earth’s formation. The expectation, thus, is a very active early Earth that potentially experienced a variety of irreversible differentiation processes; one clear example being core formation. Yet we know surprisingly little about the con ...
Large igneous province
A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The source of many or all LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with plate tectonics. Types of LIPs can include large volcanic provinces (LVP), created through flood basalt and large plutonic provinces (LPP). Eleven distinct flood basalt episodes occurred in the past 250 million years, creating volcanic provinces, which coincided with mass extinctions in prehistoric times. Formation depends on a range of factors, such as continental configuration, latitude, volume, rate, duration of eruption, style and setting (continental vs. oceanic), the preexisting climate state, and the biota resilience to change.