Preparation of Reducing Sugar Hydrolyzed from High
... crystalline orientation of cellulose, thus improving the yield of fermentable sugar in enzymatic hydrolysis [2-4]. Chemical methods have been employed to carry out pretreatment on grape stalks to regain both hemicellulose and cellulose [5]. However, the wastewater, which contained chemical substance ...
... crystalline orientation of cellulose, thus improving the yield of fermentable sugar in enzymatic hydrolysis [2-4]. Chemical methods have been employed to carry out pretreatment on grape stalks to regain both hemicellulose and cellulose [5]. However, the wastewater, which contained chemical substance ...
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TCF BLEACHED
... polydispersity (sulfite pulps) are characterized by a rapid viscosity degradation down to a level of 320-350 ml/g resulting in a sharp decliine in polydispersity. Consequently, the ...
... polydispersity (sulfite pulps) are characterized by a rapid viscosity degradation down to a level of 320-350 ml/g resulting in a sharp decliine in polydispersity. Consequently, the ...
study on petroleum derived waxes and their uses
... Paraffin waxes are mixtures of saturated n- and isoalkanes, naphthenes, and alkyl- and naphthenesubstituted aromatic compounds. The degree of branching has an important influence on the properties. Millions of tons of paraffin waxes are produced annually. They are used in foods (such as chewing gum ...
... Paraffin waxes are mixtures of saturated n- and isoalkanes, naphthenes, and alkyl- and naphthenesubstituted aromatic compounds. The degree of branching has an important influence on the properties. Millions of tons of paraffin waxes are produced annually. They are used in foods (such as chewing gum ...
Linear Polymer
... Appearance of real linear polymer chains as recorded using an atomic force microscope on surface under liquid medium. Chain contour length for this polymer is ~204 nm; thickness is ~0.4 nm. (The contour length of a polymer chain is its length at maximum physically possible extension). ...
... Appearance of real linear polymer chains as recorded using an atomic force microscope on surface under liquid medium. Chain contour length for this polymer is ~204 nm; thickness is ~0.4 nm. (The contour length of a polymer chain is its length at maximum physically possible extension). ...
One-Pot Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and of Woody
... renewable feedstock for sustainable energy production that does not compromise the world food supply. Efficient methodologies for its utilization in the production of liquid fuels or chemicals can reduce societal dependence on fossil-carbon based energy. Two types of approaches have historically recei ...
... renewable feedstock for sustainable energy production that does not compromise the world food supply. Efficient methodologies for its utilization in the production of liquid fuels or chemicals can reduce societal dependence on fossil-carbon based energy. Two types of approaches have historically recei ...
Many thermal and chemical reactions occur during the roasting
... and partially disordered (amorphous). The amorphous regions are highly accessible and react readily, but the crystalline regions with close packing and hydrogen bonding may be completely inaccessible. Native cellulose, or cellulose 1, is converted to polymorphs cellulose III and cellulose IV when ex ...
... and partially disordered (amorphous). The amorphous regions are highly accessible and react readily, but the crystalline regions with close packing and hydrogen bonding may be completely inaccessible. Native cellulose, or cellulose 1, is converted to polymorphs cellulose III and cellulose IV when ex ...
Nanocellulose
Nanocellulose is a term referring to nano-structured cellulose. This may be either cellulose nanofibers (CNF) also called microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), or bacterial nanocellulose, which refers to nano-structured cellulose produced by bacteria.CNF is a material composed of nanosized cellulose fibrils with a high aspect ratio (length to width ratio). Typical lateral dimensions are 5–20 nanometers and longitudinal dimension is in a wide range, typically several micrometers. It is pseudo-plastic and exhibits the property of certain gels or fluids that are thick (viscous) under normal conditions, but flow (become thin, less viscous) over time when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed. This property is known as thixotropy. When the shearing forces are removed the gel regains much of its original state. The fibrils are isolated from any cellulose containing source including wood-based fibers (pulp fibers) through high-pressure, high temperature and high velocity impact homogenization, grinding or microfluidization (see manufacture below).Nanocellulose can also be obtained from native fibers by an acid hydrolysis, giving rise to highly crystalline and rigid nanoparticles (often referred to as CNC or nanowhiskers) which are shorter (100s to 1000 nanometers) than the nanofibrils obtained through the homogenization, microfluiodization or grinding routes. The resulting material is known as nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC).