Quantifying Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
... exhibit a large spread, indicating systematic uncertainty in the models (Friedlingstein et al. 2006; Meehl et al. 2007; Plattner et al. 2008). As with the physical climate system, model comparison may identify the sources of uncertainty and help to reduce it. Simple global-mean metrics are useful fo ...
... exhibit a large spread, indicating systematic uncertainty in the models (Friedlingstein et al. 2006; Meehl et al. 2007; Plattner et al. 2008). As with the physical climate system, model comparison may identify the sources of uncertainty and help to reduce it. Simple global-mean metrics are useful fo ...
OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050
... GHGs do not exceed 450 ppm over the long term. More ambitious action is therefore needed now and post-2020. For example, 80% of the projected emissions from the power sector in 2020 are inevitable, as they come from power plants that are already in place or are being built today. The world is lockin ...
... GHGs do not exceed 450 ppm over the long term. More ambitious action is therefore needed now and post-2020. For example, 80% of the projected emissions from the power sector in 2020 are inevitable, as they come from power plants that are already in place or are being built today. The world is lockin ...
Working Paper Series: The Global Energy Market: Comprehensive Strategies to Meet
... enhance energy security. This can be achieved in many ways, one of which is through the use of alternative, or renewable, energy sources. If reductions in the fossil-fuel share in primary energy supply reduce the emission of CO2, such an outcome would also benefit “climate security.” In that sense, ...
... enhance energy security. This can be achieved in many ways, one of which is through the use of alternative, or renewable, energy sources. If reductions in the fossil-fuel share in primary energy supply reduce the emission of CO2, such an outcome would also benefit “climate security.” In that sense, ...
Summary - Environmental limits and Swiss footprints based on
... sustainability of the impacts induced by the Swiss consumption in a long-term global perspective, assuming that past, current and future populations on Earth have, by definition, similar rights to the resources. The results from this study contribute to the scientific knowledge that could be needed ...
... sustainability of the impacts induced by the Swiss consumption in a long-term global perspective, assuming that past, current and future populations on Earth have, by definition, similar rights to the resources. The results from this study contribute to the scientific knowledge that could be needed ...
Cooling the Earth with Crops
... regional climate, altering the whole bioclimatic regime in the region. This is important because the changes in water and energy fluxes in the Amazon have teleconnections worldwide which amplify the warming feedbacks.20 For instance, changes in the deep tropical atmospheric convection in the Amazon ...
... regional climate, altering the whole bioclimatic regime in the region. This is important because the changes in water and energy fluxes in the Amazon have teleconnections worldwide which amplify the warming feedbacks.20 For instance, changes in the deep tropical atmospheric convection in the Amazon ...
A critical exploration of the concept of `climate stabilization`
... concentrations at around 475–500 ppmv CO2e (including aerosols) and then reduce emissions to stabilize concentrations at 400– 450 ppmv by the 23rd century’’ (Climate Group, 2008, p. 9). This report thereby feeds into and perpetuates a particular approach to long-term climate targets and, additionall ...
... concentrations at around 475–500 ppmv CO2e (including aerosols) and then reduce emissions to stabilize concentrations at 400– 450 ppmv by the 23rd century’’ (Climate Group, 2008, p. 9). This report thereby feeds into and perpetuates a particular approach to long-term climate targets and, additionall ...
Global Warming and Economic Externalities
... Given the scientific evidence that human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) contribute to global warming which will have real economic consequences through climate change, and the fact that until recently there is neither a market price for GHG emissions nor alternate institutions to impose limits ...
... Given the scientific evidence that human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) contribute to global warming which will have real economic consequences through climate change, and the fact that until recently there is neither a market price for GHG emissions nor alternate institutions to impose limits ...
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
... responsibilities, based chiefly around reporting data, promoting technical and scientific research, and cooperating to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, however they were not expected to meet binding emission reduction targets. These emission reduction targets would have been more significant if they ...
... responsibilities, based chiefly around reporting data, promoting technical and scientific research, and cooperating to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, however they were not expected to meet binding emission reduction targets. These emission reduction targets would have been more significant if they ...
In Defense of Emissions Egalitarianism?
... The idea that every person is entitled to the same amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has gained momentum. It receives broad support from academics, non-governmental organizations, and leading politicians. Given that, according to this view, emissions are to be distributed in an egalitarian fa ...
... The idea that every person is entitled to the same amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has gained momentum. It receives broad support from academics, non-governmental organizations, and leading politicians. Given that, according to this view, emissions are to be distributed in an egalitarian fa ...
Comparing modelled fire dynamics with charcoal records for the
... and JSBACH (Reick et al., 2013; Schneck et al., 2013; Brovkin et al., 2009; Raddatz et al., 2007), which is the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM; Giorgetta et al., 2013). While CLIMBER-2 simulates the atmosphere and land processes at roughly 51◦ (longitude) by 1 ...
... and JSBACH (Reick et al., 2013; Schneck et al., 2013; Brovkin et al., 2009; Raddatz et al., 2007), which is the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM; Giorgetta et al., 2013). While CLIMBER-2 simulates the atmosphere and land processes at roughly 51◦ (longitude) by 1 ...
The Vulnerability of the Carbon Cycle in the 21st Century
... used when dealing with systems whose dynamics cannot be captured with differential equations, and hence not encapsulated into numerical or analytical models. In this chapter, we adopt an approach that is similar to a risk analysis and attempt to identify the magnitude and likelihood of key feedbacks ...
... used when dealing with systems whose dynamics cannot be captured with differential equations, and hence not encapsulated into numerical or analytical models. In this chapter, we adopt an approach that is similar to a risk analysis and attempt to identify the magnitude and likelihood of key feedbacks ...
Needs Assessment: Turks and Caicos Islands
... Background and Purpose Introduction This report forms one of a suite of 16 individual needs assessments of the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) produced as part of the process of developing a DFID/FCO led cross HMG programme design to address climate change by promoting low carbon climate resilient d ...
... Background and Purpose Introduction This report forms one of a suite of 16 individual needs assessments of the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) produced as part of the process of developing a DFID/FCO led cross HMG programme design to address climate change by promoting low carbon climate resilient d ...
GEF activities and some issues related to CDM Capacity
... for the preparation of Initial National Communication related to UN Framework Convention on Climate Change “. • These projects have been implemented by Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Hydrometeorological Service of Vietnam ...
... for the preparation of Initial National Communication related to UN Framework Convention on Climate Change “. • These projects have been implemented by Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Hydrometeorological Service of Vietnam ...
The Climate counter consensus, review - Brians
... continued use of carbon based fuels and right wing political groups which promote extreme ideas about freedom. There are no doubt others. In Australia and the USA, the lobbies have shown themselves to be inherently antagonistic towards rational policy responses to clim ...
... continued use of carbon based fuels and right wing political groups which promote extreme ideas about freedom. There are no doubt others. In Australia and the USA, the lobbies have shown themselves to be inherently antagonistic towards rational policy responses to clim ...
Climate Change Resources Working Group
... The PCCR welcomed the participation of the Pacific Representative (Ambassador Aliioaiga Feturi Elisaia) on the Transitional Committee of the Cancun Green Fund and agreed to provide comments, information and requests to him through the Climate Change Resources Working Group, and other bilateral mecha ...
... The PCCR welcomed the participation of the Pacific Representative (Ambassador Aliioaiga Feturi Elisaia) on the Transitional Committee of the Cancun Green Fund and agreed to provide comments, information and requests to him through the Climate Change Resources Working Group, and other bilateral mecha ...
Carbon pricing: how best to use the revenue?
... the stream towards particular purposes. One approach would be to allocate spending under three headings: (1) spending on complementary environmental policies; (2) cushioning any adverse impacts of carbon pricing; and (3) improving the tax-benefit system as a whole. But revenues could also be used to ...
... the stream towards particular purposes. One approach would be to allocate spending under three headings: (1) spending on complementary environmental policies; (2) cushioning any adverse impacts of carbon pricing; and (3) improving the tax-benefit system as a whole. But revenues could also be used to ...
4.4 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 4.4.1 Introduction
... Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It is most commonly used as an electrical insulator in high voltage equipment that transmits and distributes electricity. Sulfur hexafluoride is the most potent GHG that has been evaluated by the Int ...
... Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It is most commonly used as an electrical insulator in high voltage equipment that transmits and distributes electricity. Sulfur hexafluoride is the most potent GHG that has been evaluated by the Int ...
Carbon-nitrogen interactions regulate climate
... land ecosystems to radiatively-forced climate change (warming and changes in precipitation patterns), and land ecosystem response to direct fertilization of growth from increasing Ca and increasing nitrogen deposition. One potential approach to quantifying the C-N interaction is to perform two separ ...
... land ecosystems to radiatively-forced climate change (warming and changes in precipitation patterns), and land ecosystem response to direct fertilization of growth from increasing Ca and increasing nitrogen deposition. One potential approach to quantifying the C-N interaction is to perform two separ ...
Efficiency Clientelism
... policy over the past four decades. Japan’s electoral reform in 1994 replaced a multimember district single nontransferable vote system with a mixed-member system dominated by single member districts. Under the old electoral system, legislators were frequently elected with a small share of the vote i ...
... policy over the past four decades. Japan’s electoral reform in 1994 replaced a multimember district single nontransferable vote system with a mixed-member system dominated by single member districts. Under the old electoral system, legislators were frequently elected with a small share of the vote i ...
unilateral climate regulation - Harvard Environmental Law Review
... domestic regulations would be good models for multilateral regulation. But the quest for a binding global treaty has proven to be a non-starter. So this Article takes a different approach, asking how domestic regulation can marginally mitigate environmental harm even without a treaty — that is, it s ...
... domestic regulations would be good models for multilateral regulation. But the quest for a binding global treaty has proven to be a non-starter. So this Article takes a different approach, asking how domestic regulation can marginally mitigate environmental harm even without a treaty — that is, it s ...
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
... Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O = CaCO3 + 2H+, the mass of waste increases even more; the molecular weight of calcite is 100, so each kilogram of CO2 would create 2.3 kg of calcite. To fix the CO2 produced annually by this car in mineral form, where it would be geologically stable, one would need to produce 6.2 me ...
... Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O = CaCO3 + 2H+, the mass of waste increases even more; the molecular weight of calcite is 100, so each kilogram of CO2 would create 2.3 kg of calcite. To fix the CO2 produced annually by this car in mineral form, where it would be geologically stable, one would need to produce 6.2 me ...
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... growth model. We therefore believe that this aspect is a contribution of our paper relative to the traditional IAM with regional disaggregation but without the natural mechanism of heat transport across locations. The second objective is to provide insights regarding the optimal spatial and tempora ...
... growth model. We therefore believe that this aspect is a contribution of our paper relative to the traditional IAM with regional disaggregation but without the natural mechanism of heat transport across locations. The second objective is to provide insights regarding the optimal spatial and tempora ...
climate change in the texan mind
... Four in ten Texans (42%) say they set their thermostats—always, often, or sometimes—to 68 degrees or cooler in the winter. By contrast, 54% do it rarely or never. ...
... Four in ten Texans (42%) say they set their thermostats—always, often, or sometimes—to 68 degrees or cooler in the winter. By contrast, 54% do it rarely or never. ...
PwC Survey on Sustainable Development in Latin America
... for the 21st century” . This need for harmonization is valid for the developed world, but even more so for the developing world such as Latin America, especially when many highly experts consider that the trend of growth ...
... for the 21st century” . This need for harmonization is valid for the developed world, but even more so for the developing world such as Latin America, especially when many highly experts consider that the trend of growth ...
Adaptability and Change - UCD Energy Research Group
... negative – i.e. to increase the defensive capabilities of the building by throwing more energy use and systems at it. The result would be increased energy use, increased emissions and thus increased rate of climate change…not a sustainable sequence of events. ...
... negative – i.e. to increase the defensive capabilities of the building by throwing more energy use and systems at it. The result would be increased energy use, increased emissions and thus increased rate of climate change…not a sustainable sequence of events. ...