Lecture Notes on the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics
... course1 in theoretical physics, firstly given at the University of Bern during the fall semester 2010. The typical audience includes physics students holding a bachelor and then familiar with nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, special relativity, classical electrodynamics or, more generally, the cla ...
... course1 in theoretical physics, firstly given at the University of Bern during the fall semester 2010. The typical audience includes physics students holding a bachelor and then familiar with nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, special relativity, classical electrodynamics or, more generally, the cla ...
Quantum Gravity: the view from particle physics
... Indeed, the question that occupied Einstein until the end of his life was this: can we understand the right hand side geometrically, thereby removing its arbitrariness? Put differently, is there a way of massaging the right hand ...
... Indeed, the question that occupied Einstein until the end of his life was this: can we understand the right hand side geometrically, thereby removing its arbitrariness? Put differently, is there a way of massaging the right hand ...
Concepts and Applications of Effective Field Theories: Flavor
... uralness”. Unless there is a specific mechanism that could explain the smallness to an observable (which for simplicity we assume to be dimensionless) is ex onless numbers Ci , we should assume those numbers to be of O(1). The prese ...
... uralness”. Unless there is a specific mechanism that could explain the smallness to an observable (which for simplicity we assume to be dimensionless) is ex onless numbers Ci , we should assume those numbers to be of O(1). The prese ...
Quantum orders in an exact soluble model
... 50 years. In this respect, the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states discovered in 1982[3, 4] opened a new chapter in condensed matter physics. The theory of phases and phase transitions entered into a new era. This is because all different FQH states have the same symmetry and hence cannot be descri ...
... 50 years. In this respect, the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states discovered in 1982[3, 4] opened a new chapter in condensed matter physics. The theory of phases and phase transitions entered into a new era. This is because all different FQH states have the same symmetry and hence cannot be descri ...
P10_Ferreira
... Coupling to fermions MODEL I: Only Φ2 couples to fermions. MODEL II: Φ2 couples to up-quarks, Φ1 to down quarks and leptons. ...
... Coupling to fermions MODEL I: Only Φ2 couples to fermions. MODEL II: Φ2 couples to up-quarks, Φ1 to down quarks and leptons. ...
Cosmology in the Laboratory (COSLAB)
... In a modern viewpoint the Standard Model of the electroweak and strong interactions, and general relativity are also effective theories describing the low energy phenomena emergently arising in the quantum vacuum. Here again, the nature and physical structure of this medium – the quantum vacuum – o ...
... In a modern viewpoint the Standard Model of the electroweak and strong interactions, and general relativity are also effective theories describing the low energy phenomena emergently arising in the quantum vacuum. Here again, the nature and physical structure of this medium – the quantum vacuum – o ...
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
... does not change when we look at it in a mirror, while the letter Z breaks this symmetry. On the other hand, Z looks the same when you turn it upside down, but if you do the same with the letter A, the symmetry will be broken. The basic theory for elementary particles describes three different princi ...
... does not change when we look at it in a mirror, while the letter Z breaks this symmetry. On the other hand, Z looks the same when you turn it upside down, but if you do the same with the letter A, the symmetry will be broken. The basic theory for elementary particles describes three different princi ...
Symmetry Principles and Conservation Laws in Atomic and
... system. This can be seen easily by identifying the generalized momentum and substituting T ¡ V for the Lagrangian. We thus see that conservation of energy follows from the symmetry principle that the Lagrangian is invariant with respect to time. These results illustrate an extremely powerful theorem ...
... system. This can be seen easily by identifying the generalized momentum and substituting T ¡ V for the Lagrangian. We thus see that conservation of energy follows from the symmetry principle that the Lagrangian is invariant with respect to time. These results illustrate an extremely powerful theorem ...
Slides
... How to create enough matter for subsequent nucleogenesis before universe gets too large before universe gets too large. 2. Decoupling of matter scale and Planck scale Matter interactions proceed at nuclear scale of 1 GeV. p But equations have built‐in Planck scale of 1018 GeV. How do these scales ...
... How to create enough matter for subsequent nucleogenesis before universe gets too large before universe gets too large. 2. Decoupling of matter scale and Planck scale Matter interactions proceed at nuclear scale of 1 GeV. p But equations have built‐in Planck scale of 1018 GeV. How do these scales ...
Copyright c 2016 by Robert G. Littlejohn Physics 221A Fall 2016
... an orthonormal basis in the degenerate eigenspaces. Such freedom arises because the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field is a highly symmetrical problem. In particular, it is clear that the magnetic field is invariant under translations in the x-, y-, and z-directions, as well as ...
... an orthonormal basis in the degenerate eigenspaces. Such freedom arises because the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field is a highly symmetrical problem. In particular, it is clear that the magnetic field is invariant under translations in the x-, y-, and z-directions, as well as ...
efectos de la presión hidrostática sobre la energía de enlace para
... The question of whether neutrino mass generation and DM are related has lead to a large number of models. In this work we focus on a particular realization, namely the radiative seesaw model [1]. In this scheme three right-handed neutrinos N j and a second Higgs doublet ( , 0 ), odd under th ...
... The question of whether neutrino mass generation and DM are related has lead to a large number of models. In this work we focus on a particular realization, namely the radiative seesaw model [1]. In this scheme three right-handed neutrinos N j and a second Higgs doublet ( , 0 ), odd under th ...
transparencies
... determining the final energy choice for the LC prior to the LHC results? What if the LHC results indicate that a higher energy than design is needed? 30d) Considering the LC will start much later than LHC (although it can have a concurrent operation period), what physics capability does LC have whic ...
... determining the final energy choice for the LC prior to the LHC results? What if the LHC results indicate that a higher energy than design is needed? 30d) Considering the LC will start much later than LHC (although it can have a concurrent operation period), what physics capability does LC have whic ...
Gluon fluctuations in vacuum
... NOTE: Each ‘elementary’ particle, each interaction add a new element to vacuum structure. ...
... NOTE: Each ‘elementary’ particle, each interaction add a new element to vacuum structure. ...
non-relativistic Breit
... Ternary terms (with three fields) corresponds to three-vertices. E.g. the interaction term in the electro-magnetic Lagrange density with fermion fields: Lint = −Jµ Aµ = Qf ψ̄f γµ ψf Aµ where ψf = uf (p)e−ipx destroys a fermion, f (or creates the corresponding anti-fermion) ...
... Ternary terms (with three fields) corresponds to three-vertices. E.g. the interaction term in the electro-magnetic Lagrange density with fermion fields: Lint = −Jµ Aµ = Qf ψ̄f γµ ψf Aµ where ψf = uf (p)e−ipx destroys a fermion, f (or creates the corresponding anti-fermion) ...
Quantum Theory of Particles and Fields
... energy scale that has some physical significance. Whatever the Lagrangian of QFTs was at the fundamental scale, as long as its couplings are sufficiently weak, it can be described at the interesting energy scales by a renormalizable effective Lagrangian of QFTs. Explanation to the renormalizability ...
... energy scale that has some physical significance. Whatever the Lagrangian of QFTs was at the fundamental scale, as long as its couplings are sufficiently weak, it can be described at the interesting energy scales by a renormalizable effective Lagrangian of QFTs. Explanation to the renormalizability ...
Quantum Spins and Quantum Links: The D
... one can view the 2-d antiferromagnetic quantum Heisenberg model in the zero temperature limit as a regularization of the 2-d O(3) model. It is remarkable that this D-theory formulation is entirely discrete, even though the model is usually formulated with a continuous classical configuration space. ...
... one can view the 2-d antiferromagnetic quantum Heisenberg model in the zero temperature limit as a regularization of the 2-d O(3) model. It is remarkable that this D-theory formulation is entirely discrete, even though the model is usually formulated with a continuous classical configuration space. ...
Higher Spin Theories and Holography
... Massive vs Massless • Massive and massless spinning particles have some ...
... Massive vs Massless • Massive and massless spinning particles have some ...
Lectures on effective field theory - Research Group in Theoretical
... a dynamical fixed point resulting from cosmic evolution. Such investigations are at the same time both fascinating — and possibly an incredible waste of time! To begin with I will not discuss effective field theories, however, but effective quantum mechanics. The essential issues of approximating sh ...
... a dynamical fixed point resulting from cosmic evolution. Such investigations are at the same time both fascinating — and possibly an incredible waste of time! To begin with I will not discuss effective field theories, however, but effective quantum mechanics. The essential issues of approximating sh ...
Witten
... vacuum states at spatial infinity, and a semiclassical formula for their mass is known from work of CaUan, Coleman, Gross and Zee [10]. In the sine-Gordon equation, it is known that the elementary particle disappears from the spectrum when the coupling constant becomes strong enough that the element ...
... vacuum states at spatial infinity, and a semiclassical formula for their mass is known from work of CaUan, Coleman, Gross and Zee [10]. In the sine-Gordon equation, it is known that the elementary particle disappears from the spectrum when the coupling constant becomes strong enough that the element ...
Bose-Einstein spin condensates: revisiting the Einstein
... N.B: It is just the relative phase of the mathematical wave functions that is determined by measurements; the physical states themselves remain unchanged; it is not a matter of propagating of something physical along the condensates, for instance phonons etc. EPR argument: the « elements of reality ...
... N.B: It is just the relative phase of the mathematical wave functions that is determined by measurements; the physical states themselves remain unchanged; it is not a matter of propagating of something physical along the condensates, for instance phonons etc. EPR argument: the « elements of reality ...
Enhanced Symmetries and the Ground State of String Theory
... potentials that tend to zero in some directions. This definition includes states which have a weakly coupled string theory limit or an M -theory limit. Virtually all ideas about the moduli problem which have been discussed to date involve approximate moduli. Alternatively, it could be that in the tr ...
... potentials that tend to zero in some directions. This definition includes states which have a weakly coupled string theory limit or an M -theory limit. Virtually all ideas about the moduli problem which have been discussed to date involve approximate moduli. Alternatively, it could be that in the tr ...
Path integral approach to the heat kernel 1 Introduction
... The fixing of a “renormalization condition” in this context essentially means fixing which value of α one chooses for the quantum theory. In the absence of other requirements, one may fix α = 0 as “renormalization conditions” (if needed, one may always introduce an additional coupling to R by redefi ...
... The fixing of a “renormalization condition” in this context essentially means fixing which value of α one chooses for the quantum theory. In the absence of other requirements, one may fix α = 0 as “renormalization conditions” (if needed, one may always introduce an additional coupling to R by redefi ...
"Exactly solvable model of disordered two
... This means that we consider the ensemble of states with a field δ = const in a given state, but this constant is random in each realization . ...
... This means that we consider the ensemble of states with a field δ = const in a given state, but this constant is random in each realization . ...
dirac and majorana fermions
... The parameter η runs from −∞ < η < ∞. Note that the velocity β = v = v/c and the Lorentz contraction factor γ = (1 − β 2 )−1/2 corresponding to the boost are related to η as γ = cosh η, βγ = sinh η. Using these explicit transformations, we have found the generators of rotations, J = (J 1 , J 2 , J 3 ...
... The parameter η runs from −∞ < η < ∞. Note that the velocity β = v = v/c and the Lorentz contraction factor γ = (1 − β 2 )−1/2 corresponding to the boost are related to η as γ = cosh η, βγ = sinh η. Using these explicit transformations, we have found the generators of rotations, J = (J 1 , J 2 , J 3 ...