Factorized S-Matrices in Two Dimensions as the Exact
... (1) The quantum sine-Gordon model, i.e., the model of a single scalar field d(x), which is defined by the Lagrangian density: ...
... (1) The quantum sine-Gordon model, i.e., the model of a single scalar field d(x), which is defined by the Lagrangian density: ...
Chapter 12: Symmetries in Physics: Isospin and the Eightfold Way
... M eV /c2 ’s which is minuscule compared to the typical energy scale of hadrons (i.e. strongly interacting particles) which is about a GeV /c2 . This is why isospin is such a good symmetry and why isomultiplets have nearly identical masses. As it later turned out, the up and down quarks are not the o ...
... M eV /c2 ’s which is minuscule compared to the typical energy scale of hadrons (i.e. strongly interacting particles) which is about a GeV /c2 . This is why isospin is such a good symmetry and why isomultiplets have nearly identical masses. As it later turned out, the up and down quarks are not the o ...
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... and quantum information theory. The issue of quantum information started with Neumann [15], who gave a mathematical expression of quantum entropy in photons and other particles subjected to the laws of quantum mechanics. However, Neumann' s entropy lacked a clear interpretation in terms of informati ...
... and quantum information theory. The issue of quantum information started with Neumann [15], who gave a mathematical expression of quantum entropy in photons and other particles subjected to the laws of quantum mechanics. However, Neumann' s entropy lacked a clear interpretation in terms of informati ...
What quantum computers may tell us about quantum mechanics
... they will eventually approach the size of individual molecules – by the year 2020 if the current growth continues. At these nanometer-length scales, the laws of quantum mechanics begin to hold sway. Quantum effects are usually thought of as “dirty” in this context, causing unwanted tunneling of elec ...
... they will eventually approach the size of individual molecules – by the year 2020 if the current growth continues. At these nanometer-length scales, the laws of quantum mechanics begin to hold sway. Quantum effects are usually thought of as “dirty” in this context, causing unwanted tunneling of elec ...
An introduction to rigorous formulations of quantum field theory
... and Lagrangian, the challenge is then to construct this theory within the language of the axioms. To complicate matters, the rigorous theory may not have an object that explicitly looks like the familiar Lagrangian – we might never write down a φ4 . So how do we recognize the that a rigorous formula ...
... and Lagrangian, the challenge is then to construct this theory within the language of the axioms. To complicate matters, the rigorous theory may not have an object that explicitly looks like the familiar Lagrangian – we might never write down a φ4 . So how do we recognize the that a rigorous formula ...
