Science Journals — AAAS
... are available. Processing circuits to realize these applications are built up from logic gates that harness quantum effects such as superposition and entanglement. At present, even small-scale and medium-scale quantum computer circuits are hard to realize due to the need to sufficiently control enou ...
... are available. Processing circuits to realize these applications are built up from logic gates that harness quantum effects such as superposition and entanglement. At present, even small-scale and medium-scale quantum computer circuits are hard to realize due to the need to sufficiently control enou ...
Quantum annealing with manufactured spins
... qubit temperature. The key conclusion we draw from Fig. 3b is that our qubit dynamics is best characterized as being quantum mechanical in nature for T=80 mK. The system evolves to its ground state through a process of quantum annealing. But so far we have shown this only for an individual qubit. It ...
... qubit temperature. The key conclusion we draw from Fig. 3b is that our qubit dynamics is best characterized as being quantum mechanical in nature for T=80 mK. The system evolves to its ground state through a process of quantum annealing. But so far we have shown this only for an individual qubit. It ...
How to reuse a one-time pad and other notes on... of quantum information
... can be securely recycled when the QAS is accepted. When the QAS is rejected, just under m + s bits can be securely recycled. For the PQC one has a similar rate of recycling. In order to prove such recycling, one needs to show that 共i兲 the probability that Eve gains information about the private key ...
... can be securely recycled when the QAS is accepted. When the QAS is rejected, just under m + s bits can be securely recycled. For the PQC one has a similar rate of recycling. In order to prove such recycling, one needs to show that 共i兲 the probability that Eve gains information about the private key ...
Chapter 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom
... the observation of line spectra of atoms. A continuous spectrum contains all wavelengths of light. A line spectrum shows only certain colors or specific wavelengths of light. When atoms are heated, they emit light. This process produces a line spectrum that is specific to that atom. The emission spe ...
... the observation of line spectra of atoms. A continuous spectrum contains all wavelengths of light. A line spectrum shows only certain colors or specific wavelengths of light. When atoms are heated, they emit light. This process produces a line spectrum that is specific to that atom. The emission spe ...
The Born rule and its interpretation
... Let a be a quantum-mechanical → observable, mathematically represented by a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space H with inner product denoted by ( , ). For the simplest formulation of the Born rule, assume that a has non-degenerate discrete spectrum: this means that a has an orthonormal basis of ...
... Let a be a quantum-mechanical → observable, mathematically represented by a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space H with inner product denoted by ( , ). For the simplest formulation of the Born rule, assume that a has non-degenerate discrete spectrum: this means that a has an orthonormal basis of ...
Chapter 7 - Gordon State College
... There are three p-orbitals px, py, and pz. The three p-orbitals lie along the x-, y- and z- axes of a Cartesian system. The letters correspond to allowed values of ml of -1, 0, and +1. The orbitals are dumbbell shaped. As n increases, the p-orbitals get larger. All p-orbitals have a node at the nucl ...
... There are three p-orbitals px, py, and pz. The three p-orbitals lie along the x-, y- and z- axes of a Cartesian system. The letters correspond to allowed values of ml of -1, 0, and +1. The orbitals are dumbbell shaped. As n increases, the p-orbitals get larger. All p-orbitals have a node at the nucl ...
Towards quantum template matching
... cryptosystems rests11 . Quantum algorithms for other practical problems would help justify the immense commitment of resources that seems likely to be required to develop a working quantum computer. All of the known quantum algorithms exploit the fact that there are quantum gate arrays for the Fouri ...
... cryptosystems rests11 . Quantum algorithms for other practical problems would help justify the immense commitment of resources that seems likely to be required to develop a working quantum computer. All of the known quantum algorithms exploit the fact that there are quantum gate arrays for the Fouri ...
White paper: The logic of quantum mechanics
... 19] and the other ones which have been around is our choice of primitive concepts: • We aim to axiomatize the tensor product structure, that is, how two quantum entities make up one whole. Most other approaches start from measurement-related concepts, be it either spaces of observables, spaces of pr ...
... 19] and the other ones which have been around is our choice of primitive concepts: • We aim to axiomatize the tensor product structure, that is, how two quantum entities make up one whole. Most other approaches start from measurement-related concepts, be it either spaces of observables, spaces of pr ...
Lenz vector operations on spherical hydrogen atom
... additional constant of the motion, the Lenz vector A, which points along the major axis of the ellipse.2,3 This results in an orbit that does not precess. Quantum mechanically, A corresponds to an additional operator  that commutes with the Hamiltonian Ĥ as shown by Pauli in his landmark paper.4 ...
... additional constant of the motion, the Lenz vector A, which points along the major axis of the ellipse.2,3 This results in an orbit that does not precess. Quantum mechanically, A corresponds to an additional operator  that commutes with the Hamiltonian Ĥ as shown by Pauli in his landmark paper.4 ...
classical simulation of restricted quantum computations
... Figure 1: Quantum circuit to create Bell states. left to right. First the Hadamard gate is applied to |xi and then the controlled-NOT gate is applied to both the qubits; |xi and |yi being the control and target qubits, respectively. A small set of quantum gates is universal for quantum computation i ...
... Figure 1: Quantum circuit to create Bell states. left to right. First the Hadamard gate is applied to |xi and then the controlled-NOT gate is applied to both the qubits; |xi and |yi being the control and target qubits, respectively. A small set of quantum gates is universal for quantum computation i ...
Molecular Electronic Devices
... In the real space basis, H is a full matrix with off-diagonal terms N must be a full matrix too once levels get mixed up ! ...
... In the real space basis, H is a full matrix with off-diagonal terms N must be a full matrix too once levels get mixed up ! ...
Quantum teleportation
Quantum teleportation is a process by which quantum information (e.g. the exact state of an atom or photon) can be transmitted (exactly, in principle) from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and previously shared quantum entanglement between the sending and receiving location. Because it depends on classical communication, which can proceed no faster than the speed of light, it cannot be used for faster-than-light transport or communication of classical bits. It also cannot be used to make copies of a system, as this violates the no-cloning theorem. While it has proven possible to teleport one or more qubits of information between two (entangled) atoms, this has not yet been achieved between molecules or anything larger.Although the name is inspired by the teleportation commonly used in fiction, there is no relationship outside the name, because quantum teleportation concerns only the transfer of information. Quantum teleportation is not a form of transportation, but of communication; it provides a way of transporting a qubit from one location to another, without having to move a physical particle along with it.The seminal paper first expounding the idea was published by C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres and W. K. Wootters in 1993. Since then, quantum teleportation was first realized with single photons and later demonstrated with various material systems such as atoms, ions, electrons and superconducting circuits. The record distance for quantum teleportation is 143 km (89 mi).