What is matter? The fundamental ontology of atomism and structural
... If mass and charge, as well as the quantum state, express in fact dynamical relations among the particles that tell us something about their motion, then what remains as basic characteristic of the atoms is their position in space, given that motion is change in the spatial arrangement of the parti ...
... If mass and charge, as well as the quantum state, express in fact dynamical relations among the particles that tell us something about their motion, then what remains as basic characteristic of the atoms is their position in space, given that motion is change in the spatial arrangement of the parti ...
2 - Introduction of a Quantum of Time ("chronon"), and its
... relativistically invariant formalism the chronon characterizes the changes experienced by the dynamical state of the electron when submitted to external forces. The electron is regarded as an (extended-like) object, which is pointlike only at discrete positions xn (along its trajectory) such that th ...
... relativistically invariant formalism the chronon characterizes the changes experienced by the dynamical state of the electron when submitted to external forces. The electron is regarded as an (extended-like) object, which is pointlike only at discrete positions xn (along its trajectory) such that th ...
Probabilistic interpretation of resonant states
... Naomichi Hatano, Tatsuro Kawamoto and Joshua Feinberg among others, have revived theoretical interest in the phenomenon of resonance in quantum mechanics [37]. The wave function of a resonant state has been discussed greatly since the early stage of quantum mechanics. As will be shown at the end of ...
... Naomichi Hatano, Tatsuro Kawamoto and Joshua Feinberg among others, have revived theoretical interest in the phenomenon of resonance in quantum mechanics [37]. The wave function of a resonant state has been discussed greatly since the early stage of quantum mechanics. As will be shown at the end of ...
Synchronous Interlocking of Discrete Forces: Strong Force
... There are several levels to the strong force problem: (1) How do the quarks bond together within the nucleon? (2) How do the proton and neutrons bind within the hydrogen nucleus? (3) How do the nucleons form the elements and nuclides? Quantum chromodynamics The conventional approach is to start with ...
... There are several levels to the strong force problem: (1) How do the quarks bond together within the nucleon? (2) How do the proton and neutrons bind within the hydrogen nucleus? (3) How do the nucleons form the elements and nuclides? Quantum chromodynamics The conventional approach is to start with ...
1002_4th Exam_1010620
... B) The alpha particle is two protons and two neutrons. C) It often leaves the nucleus in an excited state. D) It involves nuclides with atomic number larger than 83 and mass number larger than 200. Answer: A 41) A nuclide has a decay constant of 4.28 × 10-4 /h. If the activity of a sample is 3.14 × ...
... B) The alpha particle is two protons and two neutrons. C) It often leaves the nucleus in an excited state. D) It involves nuclides with atomic number larger than 83 and mass number larger than 200. Answer: A 41) A nuclide has a decay constant of 4.28 × 10-4 /h. If the activity of a sample is 3.14 × ...
Qualification Exam: Classical Mechanics
... 2. Determine the one-dimensional effective potential for this central force problem. Sketch the two effective potentials for this problem, before and after this impulse, on the same graph. Be sure to clearly indicate the differences between them in your figure ...
... 2. Determine the one-dimensional effective potential for this central force problem. Sketch the two effective potentials for this problem, before and after this impulse, on the same graph. Be sure to clearly indicate the differences between them in your figure ...
hierarchy of matter-particles
... Matter is inert. Motions of photon are actions by universal medium on its matter-core. Constant linear motion in straight path and spin motion proportional to its matter-content are essential for stability and integrity of photon. Linear speed of photon is limited by ability of quanta of matter in u ...
... Matter is inert. Motions of photon are actions by universal medium on its matter-core. Constant linear motion in straight path and spin motion proportional to its matter-content are essential for stability and integrity of photon. Linear speed of photon is limited by ability of quanta of matter in u ...
pptx,6Mb - ITEP Lattice Group
... Dynamical decay of chirality observed • Larger volumes to see exponential growth? • Exactly chiral fermions? • Effect of quantum fluctuations (initial ...
... Dynamical decay of chirality observed • Larger volumes to see exponential growth? • Exactly chiral fermions? • Effect of quantum fluctuations (initial ...
Quantum Field Theory I
... renormalization. The following sketch of the Z definition is presented only for the sake of completeness. Unlike all other Feynman rules, the Z constant is defined not directly via the Lagrangian, but rather via an infinite sum of Feynman diagrams10. The said sum, called the full or dressed propagat ...
... renormalization. The following sketch of the Z definition is presented only for the sake of completeness. Unlike all other Feynman rules, the Z constant is defined not directly via the Lagrangian, but rather via an infinite sum of Feynman diagrams10. The said sum, called the full or dressed propagat ...
Stage 6 HSC Biology Advanced DiagnosticTests
... shows that all matter is made up from positive and negative charges ...
... shows that all matter is made up from positive and negative charges ...
Imaging resonances in low-energy NO-He inelastic collisions REPORTS
... of the molecule. Using cryogenically cooled molecular species such as CO and O2, partial-wave resonances were observed in the state-to-state ICSs for inelastic collisions with He and H2 target beams at energies down to 4 K (14–16). The measurement of DCSs at scattering resonances remains a largely u ...
... of the molecule. Using cryogenically cooled molecular species such as CO and O2, partial-wave resonances were observed in the state-to-state ICSs for inelastic collisions with He and H2 target beams at energies down to 4 K (14–16). The measurement of DCSs at scattering resonances remains a largely u ...
exploring cosmic strings: observable effects and cosmological
... notation. Then, various properties of cosmic (super)strings including their formation, evolution and effects on cosmology are discussed. Finally, a review about cosmic rays with a particular emphasis on UHE neutrinos is given. In Chapter 2, cosmological constraints on scalar particles emitted from c ...
... notation. Then, various properties of cosmic (super)strings including their formation, evolution and effects on cosmology are discussed. Finally, a review about cosmic rays with a particular emphasis on UHE neutrinos is given. In Chapter 2, cosmological constraints on scalar particles emitted from c ...
Quintet pairing and non-Abelian vortex string in spin-3/2 cold atomic... Congjun Wu, Jiangping Hu, and Shou-Cheng Zhang
... playground to study high symmetries which do not appear in usual condensed matter systems. Three of us have shown that spin-3/2 fermionic systems with contact interactions, which can be realized by atoms such as 132 Cs, ...
... playground to study high symmetries which do not appear in usual condensed matter systems. Three of us have shown that spin-3/2 fermionic systems with contact interactions, which can be realized by atoms such as 132 Cs, ...
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.