learning_goals_objectives
... 2. understand why the stop codons in vertebrate mitochondrial protein-coding genes different than the stop codons found nuclear RNA 3. explain why it is necessary to translate all three reading frames of the COI amplicon ...
... 2. understand why the stop codons in vertebrate mitochondrial protein-coding genes different than the stop codons found nuclear RNA 3. explain why it is necessary to translate all three reading frames of the COI amplicon ...
Chromosomal Microarray: Test Information for Families
... multiple birth defects or autism spectrum disorders. It is sometimes referred to as “microarray” or “array CGH”. Chromosomal microarrays have the ability to find small changes in genetic material (DNA). It is more detailed than a regular chromosome test (karyotype). It specifically looks for extra a ...
... multiple birth defects or autism spectrum disorders. It is sometimes referred to as “microarray” or “array CGH”. Chromosomal microarrays have the ability to find small changes in genetic material (DNA). It is more detailed than a regular chromosome test (karyotype). It specifically looks for extra a ...
Poster
... The two meters of DNA in every human cell tightly packaged in order to fit in the nucleus and to protect the genetic information. NAP1 (Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1) is a histone chaperone that helps assemble and disassemble the nucleosomes used to package this DNA. A nucleosome consists of a core ...
... The two meters of DNA in every human cell tightly packaged in order to fit in the nucleus and to protect the genetic information. NAP1 (Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1) is a histone chaperone that helps assemble and disassemble the nucleosomes used to package this DNA. A nucleosome consists of a core ...
QCM2 - GIGA
... A. PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction. B. PCR uses short synthetic oligonucleotide primers. C. PCR uses a DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA. D. PCR can be used to obtain large quantities of a particular DNA sequence. E. PCR does not require knowledge of the DNA sequences at the en ...
... A. PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction. B. PCR uses short synthetic oligonucleotide primers. C. PCR uses a DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA. D. PCR can be used to obtain large quantities of a particular DNA sequence. E. PCR does not require knowledge of the DNA sequences at the en ...
Measuring Gene Expression
... code for RNA and some of which are regulatory regions - i.e. they help control how the coding regions are used - e.g. promoters The supercoiling of the DNA may also control how the coding regions are used. As well, there is a lot of DNA which appears to be "junk" - i.e. to date no function is known. ...
... code for RNA and some of which are regulatory regions - i.e. they help control how the coding regions are used - e.g. promoters The supercoiling of the DNA may also control how the coding regions are used. As well, there is a lot of DNA which appears to be "junk" - i.e. to date no function is known. ...
Large-Scale Variation Among Human and Great Ape Genomes
... intensity ratio increases, the intensity ratio decreases reported by array CGH may be due to a number of other factors, such as extensive sequence divergence or dramatic restructuring of loci as a result of repeat-content variation. Therefore, sites of reduced intensity ratios, without significant s ...
... intensity ratio increases, the intensity ratio decreases reported by array CGH may be due to a number of other factors, such as extensive sequence divergence or dramatic restructuring of loci as a result of repeat-content variation. Therefore, sites of reduced intensity ratios, without significant s ...
Bacterial transformation - BLI-Research-Synbio-2014-session-1
... • When DNA from two sources is joined together, the enzyme DNA ligase is used to catalyze bonding between sugar and phosphate groups in the DNA backbone. • DNA from a “foreign” source (plant, animal, viral, bacterial, yeast) is generally bonded to vector DNA. Vectors can be bacterial plasmids (most ...
... • When DNA from two sources is joined together, the enzyme DNA ligase is used to catalyze bonding between sugar and phosphate groups in the DNA backbone. • DNA from a “foreign” source (plant, animal, viral, bacterial, yeast) is generally bonded to vector DNA. Vectors can be bacterial plasmids (most ...
By Michael Harwood This article was catalysed
... Wong in the November issue of MC2. Her essay caught my interest when she discussed the “deeper genome” and triple and quadruple stranded DNA. I’m going to write about some of the related ideas that I’ve come across in my layman excursions into biochemistry, and I apologize up front for the technical ...
... Wong in the November issue of MC2. Her essay caught my interest when she discussed the “deeper genome” and triple and quadruple stranded DNA. I’m going to write about some of the related ideas that I’ve come across in my layman excursions into biochemistry, and I apologize up front for the technical ...
Genetics Summary
... - Restriction enzymes —> find certain codons and cut at that specific site - Proteome —> complete set of coded proteins in a genome - Human genome has ~ 3.2 billion bases —> 32,000 bases actually code for something - Splicing —> this uses a combination of a set of genes, resulting in bit variety fro ...
... - Restriction enzymes —> find certain codons and cut at that specific site - Proteome —> complete set of coded proteins in a genome - Human genome has ~ 3.2 billion bases —> 32,000 bases actually code for something - Splicing —> this uses a combination of a set of genes, resulting in bit variety fro ...
GENERAL PATHOLOGY Genetic disorders: Introduction: DNA
... A variety of staining methods that allow identification of each individual chromosome on the basis of a distinctive and reliable pattern of alternating light and dark bands along the length of the chromosome have been developed. The one most commonly employed uses a Giemsa stain and is hence called ...
... A variety of staining methods that allow identification of each individual chromosome on the basis of a distinctive and reliable pattern of alternating light and dark bands along the length of the chromosome have been developed. The one most commonly employed uses a Giemsa stain and is hence called ...
DNA Sequencing
... way to identify the bacteria colonies with recombinant DNA. Usually, the DNA is inserted in a region that codes for antibiotic resistance; if the DNA insertion is successful then the resistance gene is nonfunctional and the colonies with human DNA inserted will not grow on growth plates that have ...
... way to identify the bacteria colonies with recombinant DNA. Usually, the DNA is inserted in a region that codes for antibiotic resistance; if the DNA insertion is successful then the resistance gene is nonfunctional and the colonies with human DNA inserted will not grow on growth plates that have ...
exam 2 summary
... >but this gel is made out of a different substance called polyacrylamide. >This gel is more appropriate for analyzing the small size PCR products. The >fragments are separate by length. The bands are stained directly. A silver >stain is used to visualize the separated DNA bands and the gel is then > ...
... >but this gel is made out of a different substance called polyacrylamide. >This gel is more appropriate for analyzing the small size PCR products. The >fragments are separate by length. The bands are stained directly. A silver >stain is used to visualize the separated DNA bands and the gel is then > ...
DNA Replication NOTES
... Each strand of the DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing. In most prokaryotes, DNA replication begins at a single point and continues in two directions. ...
... Each strand of the DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing. In most prokaryotes, DNA replication begins at a single point and continues in two directions. ...
DNA bracelet activity pack
... The best way to gauge understanding of participants is to ask them questions like »» Do you think everyone has the same colour eyes or hair? »» What colour are your eyes? Note that we don’t all have the same colour of eyes or hair because what we look like depends on information that we inherit from ...
... The best way to gauge understanding of participants is to ask them questions like »» Do you think everyone has the same colour eyes or hair? »» What colour are your eyes? Note that we don’t all have the same colour of eyes or hair because what we look like depends on information that we inherit from ...
Cytogenetics to Cytogenomics: An Introduction to Genomic
... on the expertise of the analyst. FISH and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) are highly targeted approaches, but require prior knowledge of the abnormality. Due to recent advancements in high-throughput technologies, cytogeneticists are using genomics tools to overcome these limitations when studying ...
... on the expertise of the analyst. FISH and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) are highly targeted approaches, but require prior knowledge of the abnormality. Due to recent advancements in high-throughput technologies, cytogeneticists are using genomics tools to overcome these limitations when studying ...
DNA Extraction from Strawberries
... For the “Teacher” in the Room This lab extracts DNA from strawberries, as opposed to other foods, because strawberries contain large amounts of DNA. Each cell in a strawberry contains 8 copies of its genetic information (octaploid), while human cells only contain 2 copies (diploid). The DNA being vi ...
... For the “Teacher” in the Room This lab extracts DNA from strawberries, as opposed to other foods, because strawberries contain large amounts of DNA. Each cell in a strawberry contains 8 copies of its genetic information (octaploid), while human cells only contain 2 copies (diploid). The DNA being vi ...
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hybridization is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DNA samples arising from two sources, which are most often closely related, because it is suspected that they contain differences in terms of either gains or losses of either whole chromosomes or subchromosomal regions (a portion of a whole chromosome). This technique was originally developed for the evaluation of the differences between the chromosomal complements of solid tumor and normal tissue, and has an improved resoIution of 5-10 megabases compared to the more traditional cytogenetic analysis techniques of giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which are limited by the resolution of the microscope utilized.This is achieved through the use of competitive fluorescence in situ hybridization. In short, this involves the isolation of DNA from the two sources to be compared, most commonly a test and reference source, independent labelling of each DNA sample with a different fluorophores (fluorescent molecules) of different colours (usually red and green), denaturation of the DNA so that it is single stranded, and the hybridization of the two resultant samples in a 1:1 ratio to a normal metaphase spread of chromosomes, to which the labelled DNA samples will bind at their locus of origin. Using a fluorescence microscope and computer software, the differentially coloured fluorescent signals are then compared along the length of each chromosome for identification of chromosomal differences between the two sources. A higher intensity of the test sample colour in a specific region of a chromosome indicates the gain of material of that region in the corresponding source sample, while a higher intensity of the reference sample colour indicates the loss of material in the test sample in that specific region. A neutral colour (yellow when the fluorophore labels are red and green) indicates no difference between the two samples in that location.CGH is only able to detect unbalanced chromosomal abnormalities. This is because balanced chromosomal abnormalities such as reciprocal translocations, inversions or ring chromosomes do not affect copy number, which is what is detected by CGH technologies. CGH does, however, allow for the exploration of all 46 human chromosomes in single test and the discovery of deletions and duplications, even on the microscopic scale which may lead to the identification of candidate genes to be further explored by other cytological techniques.Through the use of DNA microarrays in conjunction with CGH techniques, the more specific form of array CGH (aCGH) has been developed, allowing for a locus-by-locus measure of CNV with increased resolution as low as 100 kilobases. This improved technique allows for the aetiology of known and unknown conditions to be discovered.