The lithosphere and the soil as power equipment and hazard
... 12.1. Anthropogenic causes of desertification in Africa .................................................. 165 12.2. Forest at the desert Negev ..................................................................................... 167 12.3. Environmental effects of irrigation in Mesopotamia ......... ...
... 12.1. Anthropogenic causes of desertification in Africa .................................................. 165 12.2. Forest at the desert Negev ..................................................................................... 167 12.3. Environmental effects of irrigation in Mesopotamia ......... ...
Chemical Properties of Soil and Ground Waters
... solutions depends on their bonding to ground waters. Deeply occurring ground waters hardly affect the composition of soil solutions. When the ground water table is shallow, the composition of the soil solution depends on capillary rise of water and transpiration of plants. The relatively high salt c ...
... solutions depends on their bonding to ground waters. Deeply occurring ground waters hardly affect the composition of soil solutions. When the ground water table is shallow, the composition of the soil solution depends on capillary rise of water and transpiration of plants. The relatively high salt c ...
Weathering and Soils
... - HCO3- produced in weathering reactions is carried to the oceans via rivers - Biogenic carbonates [2HCO3- + Ca2+ = CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O] are buried in sediments • The balance between weathering rate and seafloor spreading (subduction) exerts control on atmospheric PCO2 • As CO2 is an important greenho ...
... - HCO3- produced in weathering reactions is carried to the oceans via rivers - Biogenic carbonates [2HCO3- + Ca2+ = CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O] are buried in sediments • The balance between weathering rate and seafloor spreading (subduction) exerts control on atmospheric PCO2 • As CO2 is an important greenho ...
Weathering and Soils - SOEST
... • Estimates of weathering rates allow us to relate the biogeochemistry of watersheds to global element cycling (primary source of many nutrients) • These rates are difficult to evaluate because processes occur slowly and are difficult to isolate • Classical Approach: Infer rates from residuum in ...
... • Estimates of weathering rates allow us to relate the biogeochemistry of watersheds to global element cycling (primary source of many nutrients) • These rates are difficult to evaluate because processes occur slowly and are difficult to isolate • Classical Approach: Infer rates from residuum in ...
Special Issue on “Current Status of On
... borehole break-outs and drilling under hightemperature conditions. However, the results obtained by the projects contradicted scientists’ expectations and highlighted a lack of understanding of the Earth’ s interior. Scientific drilling projects were planned before ICDP started in Japan, but most ha ...
... borehole break-outs and drilling under hightemperature conditions. However, the results obtained by the projects contradicted scientists’ expectations and highlighted a lack of understanding of the Earth’ s interior. Scientific drilling projects were planned before ICDP started in Japan, but most ha ...
Considerations on the parent material in the soil developed on the
... the organisms (plants and animals, man included) and by time (considering the long periods necessary for completing the pedogenetic process). One of the main pedogenetic factors is represented by parent rock, that significantly contributes in defining the soil type. Soil properties such as thickness ...
... the organisms (plants and animals, man included) and by time (considering the long periods necessary for completing the pedogenetic process). One of the main pedogenetic factors is represented by parent rock, that significantly contributes in defining the soil type. Soil properties such as thickness ...
Barium content of paleosols from Central Italy
... seasonal low humidity periods or extended events of drought have a different pH: the soil solution then has a higher base concentration and therefore a greater likelihood of Ba precipitation bound to clays, metal oxides or even as insoluble sulphate (barite). Thus the soils with higher and lower pH ...
... seasonal low humidity periods or extended events of drought have a different pH: the soil solution then has a higher base concentration and therefore a greater likelihood of Ba precipitation bound to clays, metal oxides or even as insoluble sulphate (barite). Thus the soils with higher and lower pH ...
weathering_and_soil
... Soil Properties • Soil Texture and Soil Structure Soil texture is the soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles. Soil structure is the arrangement of soil particles. ...
... Soil Properties • Soil Texture and Soil Structure Soil texture is the soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles. Soil structure is the arrangement of soil particles. ...
Formation of Soil
... Poorly developed soils show little distinction between layers A distinct layer is called a soil horizon Three major horizons ◦ A –high organic matter; dark colored ◦ B- subsoils enriched with clay minerals ◦ C- subsoils that contain weathered parent material Subsoils are usually reddish brown ...
... Poorly developed soils show little distinction between layers A distinct layer is called a soil horizon Three major horizons ◦ A –high organic matter; dark colored ◦ B- subsoils enriched with clay minerals ◦ C- subsoils that contain weathered parent material Subsoils are usually reddish brown ...
Drill cuttings
Drill cuttings are the broken bits of solid material removed from a borehole drilled by rotary, percussion, or auger methods. Boreholes drilled in this way include oil or gas wells, water wells, and holes drilled for geotechnical investigations or mineral exploration.The drill cuttings are commonly examined to make a record (a well log) of the subsurface materials penetrated at various depths. In the oil industry, this is often called a mud log.Drill cuttings are produced as the rock is broken by the drill bit advancing through the rock or soil; the cuttings are usually carried to the surface by drilling fluid circulating up from the drill bit. Drill cuttings can be separated from liquid drilling fluid by shale shakers, by centrifuges, or by cyclone separators, the latter also being effective for air drilling. In cable-tool drilling, the drill cuttings are periodically bailed out of the bottom of the hole. In auger drilling, cuttings are carried to the surface on the auger flights.One drilling method that does not produce drill cuttings is core drilling, which instead produces solid cylinders of rock or soil.