Frankena, Chapter 4
... Free Will and Determinism • Free will: you have choices that you can make based on your values. • Determinism: every event, including human choices and volitions, is caused by other events and happens as an effect or result of these other events. ...
... Free Will and Determinism • Free will: you have choices that you can make based on your values. • Determinism: every event, including human choices and volitions, is caused by other events and happens as an effect or result of these other events. ...
The Phenomenology of Agency and Deterministic
... state-causation view, and would nicely be accommodated by the agent-causal alternative. All of these considerations give rise to a disappearing agent objection to state or event-causal theories of action, or at least of full-blooded action (Hornsby 2004a and b; Steward 2012). A related but distinct ...
... state-causation view, and would nicely be accommodated by the agent-causal alternative. All of these considerations give rise to a disappearing agent objection to state or event-causal theories of action, or at least of full-blooded action (Hornsby 2004a and b; Steward 2012). A related but distinct ...
aff evidence
... the quantum view. Popper and Eccles proposed that free will was due to quantum indeterminacy in the chemical messages that communicate between neurons. "But none of that happens at the quantum level. From a physics point of view, it's macro-level." Besides, quantum activity is purely random, and ran ...
... the quantum view. Popper and Eccles proposed that free will was due to quantum indeterminacy in the chemical messages that communicate between neurons. "But none of that happens at the quantum level. From a physics point of view, it's macro-level." Besides, quantum activity is purely random, and ran ...
Conceptions of Determinism in Radical Behaviorism
... Thus, metaphysical determinists remain committed to the determinacy of natural events, including human behavior, and reject the more radical claim that physical reality is itself inherently probabilistic. This claim, made by some physicists and psychologists, is taken up in the second of our four ta ...
... Thus, metaphysical determinists remain committed to the determinacy of natural events, including human behavior, and reject the more radical claim that physical reality is itself inherently probabilistic. This claim, made by some physicists and psychologists, is taken up in the second of our four ta ...
Dane Rudhyar and Alan Leo Platonistic roots
... astrological determinism to be (and I use his words) an “authoritarian whip” which cracked down on the user , and caused the user to be “dependent”, able only to fear it, or brace for its blow. Yet, the fundamental question which Thorndike suggested was valid in St Augustine’s day remains unaddresse ...
... astrological determinism to be (and I use his words) an “authoritarian whip” which cracked down on the user , and caused the user to be “dependent”, able only to fear it, or brace for its blow. Yet, the fundamental question which Thorndike suggested was valid in St Augustine’s day remains unaddresse ...
Libertarianism and Skepticism about Free Will
... Libertarianism’s progress is clear: contemporary libertarian accounts show the conceivability of something that once seemed inconceivable under a broadly scientific understanding of the world. Contemporary libertarianism cannot be dismissed as just another mystical piece of hokum by tender-minded ph ...
... Libertarianism’s progress is clear: contemporary libertarian accounts show the conceivability of something that once seemed inconceivable under a broadly scientific understanding of the world. Contemporary libertarianism cannot be dismissed as just another mystical piece of hokum by tender-minded ph ...
Edwards on the Will: A Century of American Theological Debate
... No matter how one chooses to define the will, the question of greatest importance will always be whether, given any of these definitions, the will is free. Unhappily, the three available answers-"sometimes" (soft determinism), "always" (libertarianism), or "never" (hard determinism)-have been applie ...
... No matter how one chooses to define the will, the question of greatest importance will always be whether, given any of these definitions, the will is free. Unhappily, the three available answers-"sometimes" (soft determinism), "always" (libertarianism), or "never" (hard determinism)-have been applie ...
Conscious Willing and the Emerging Sciences of Brain and Behavior
... what distinguishes will or choice from other natural mechanisms is that it is, in John Fischer’s term, reasons-responsive, a mechanism that is activated by the agent’s own goals and desires. Some will add further requirements to this unadorned picture. For example, Harry Frankfurt and others maintai ...
... what distinguishes will or choice from other natural mechanisms is that it is, in John Fischer’s term, reasons-responsive, a mechanism that is activated by the agent’s own goals and desires. Some will add further requirements to this unadorned picture. For example, Harry Frankfurt and others maintai ...
The History of the Free Will Problem
... the extensive Stoic writings are lost, probably because their doctrine of fate, which identified God with Nature, was considered anathema to the Christian church. The church agreed that the laws of God were the laws of Nature, but that God and Nature were two different entities. In either case stric ...
... the extensive Stoic writings are lost, probably because their doctrine of fate, which identified God with Nature, was considered anathema to the Christian church. The church agreed that the laws of God were the laws of Nature, but that God and Nature were two different entities. In either case stric ...
Know Thyself
... battle tomorrow’ and ‘There won’t be a sea battle tomorrow’ are both meaningful sentences, not at all questionable like ‘This sentence is false’; they should have a truth value. Anyway, the medieval philosophers were obsessed with this problem which they recast in terms of God’s foreknowledge. If Go ...
... battle tomorrow’ and ‘There won’t be a sea battle tomorrow’ are both meaningful sentences, not at all questionable like ‘This sentence is false’; they should have a truth value. Anyway, the medieval philosophers were obsessed with this problem which they recast in terms of God’s foreknowledge. If Go ...
Moral Luck, Self-cultivation, and Responsibility: The Confucian
... those who are unwilling to make an effort themselves” (不憤不啓) and “I do not know what is to be done to those who do not ruminate ‘What is to be done? What is to be done?’” (不曰 如之何如之何者吾末如之何也己矣).7 In admonishing the lazy and self-abandoned, he lamented that “one cannot carve rotten wood nor shape a wa ...
... those who are unwilling to make an effort themselves” (不憤不啓) and “I do not know what is to be done to those who do not ruminate ‘What is to be done? What is to be done?’” (不曰 如之何如之何者吾末如之何也己矣).7 In admonishing the lazy and self-abandoned, he lamented that “one cannot carve rotten wood nor shape a wa ...
presentation source
... explanations of how minds are possible and work in a material universe. They are thus matters of theoretical reason. All the plausible candidates accept the existence of mental phenomena and no one denies the importance of mental phenomena in people’s lives. What the implications of the mental are f ...
... explanations of how minds are possible and work in a material universe. They are thus matters of theoretical reason. All the plausible candidates accept the existence of mental phenomena and no one denies the importance of mental phenomena in people’s lives. What the implications of the mental are f ...
Big Questions Affirmative Evidence
... world. However, this is being challenged by researchers around the world. In fact, just this year a team of physicists (Gerlich et al, Nature Communications 2:263, 2011) showed that quantum weirdness also occurs in the human-scale world. They studied huge compounds composed of up to 430 atoms, and c ...
... world. However, this is being challenged by researchers around the world. In fact, just this year a team of physicists (Gerlich et al, Nature Communications 2:263, 2011) showed that quantum weirdness also occurs in the human-scale world. They studied huge compounds composed of up to 430 atoms, and c ...
Week 2
... genetic makeup, over which they have no control. Humans are completely physical beings whose development is totally determined by external stimuli of their environments. Little evidence suggests that non-caused events ever occur. Week 2, PHIL2 ...
... genetic makeup, over which they have no control. Humans are completely physical beings whose development is totally determined by external stimuli of their environments. Little evidence suggests that non-caused events ever occur. Week 2, PHIL2 ...
Determinism - The Information Philosopher
... the microscopic world at least is ontologically indeterministic, the critics of quantum theory, who have developed several alternative “interpretations” of quantum mechanics, are equally divided into those who accept the indeterminism and those, following Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, and many ...
... the microscopic world at least is ontologically indeterministic, the critics of quantum theory, who have developed several alternative “interpretations” of quantum mechanics, are equally divided into those who accept the indeterminism and those, following Albert Einstein, Erwin Schrödinger, and many ...
determinism_and_free..
... there’s the group in the middle of these who argue that determinism is essential to the notion of free will. These are called soft determinists or compatibilists. For two hundred years up until about 1900 science maintained a rigid determinism and a belief in universal causation, which rejected free ...
... there’s the group in the middle of these who argue that determinism is essential to the notion of free will. These are called soft determinists or compatibilists. For two hundred years up until about 1900 science maintained a rigid determinism and a belief in universal causation, which rejected free ...
A2 Ethics
... there’s the group in the middle of these who argue that determinism is essential to the notion of free will. These are called soft determinists or compatibilists. For two hundred years up until about 1900 science maintained a rigid determinism and a belief in universal causation, which rejected free ...
... there’s the group in the middle of these who argue that determinism is essential to the notion of free will. These are called soft determinists or compatibilists. For two hundred years up until about 1900 science maintained a rigid determinism and a belief in universal causation, which rejected free ...
Synthesis
... constraint that prohibits freedom, now take the same situation where someone doesn’t eat not because there is no food available but because they want to see change it is a completely different situation the person has the ability to eat but they choose not to because of their own personal beliefs n ...
... constraint that prohibits freedom, now take the same situation where someone doesn’t eat not because there is no food available but because they want to see change it is a completely different situation the person has the ability to eat but they choose not to because of their own personal beliefs n ...
Libertarianism
... He believed that liberty and capitalism were the solutions to these problems. People needed to be free from the constraints of state control and political ideologies in order to develop and prosper. They must be free to choose and therefore responsible for themselves. He was also a proponent of ...
... He believed that liberty and capitalism were the solutions to these problems. People needed to be free from the constraints of state control and political ideologies in order to develop and prosper. They must be free to choose and therefore responsible for themselves. He was also a proponent of ...
Having and Making Choices
... “..whatever degree of determinism prevails in the world, human actions appear to be as much determined as anything else…Therefore, being uncaused or being undetermined by causes, must be an incorrect definition of free will.” ...
... “..whatever degree of determinism prevails in the world, human actions appear to be as much determined as anything else…Therefore, being uncaused or being undetermined by causes, must be an incorrect definition of free will.” ...
Q.l (b) Values - Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values Q.l.(c) Ethical Relativism
... Determinism: Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices in which the outcome has not been determined by past events. Determinism suggests that only one course of events is possible, whicb is inconsistent with the existence of such free will. Determinists are impressed by the order in ...
... Determinism: Some conceive free will to be the capacity to make choices in which the outcome has not been determined by past events. Determinism suggests that only one course of events is possible, whicb is inconsistent with the existence of such free will. Determinists are impressed by the order in ...
EECS 690
... • Descartes famously argued for a position that has since been dubbed ‘substance dualism’. This position argues that minds are composed of a different fundamental substance than bodies, amenable to entirely different means of investigation and understanding. • If Descartes is right, then an empirica ...
... • Descartes famously argued for a position that has since been dubbed ‘substance dualism’. This position argues that minds are composed of a different fundamental substance than bodies, amenable to entirely different means of investigation and understanding. • If Descartes is right, then an empirica ...
Ted Honderich
... "proofs" nor by linguistic analyses of propositions designed to show "free" and "determined" are logically compatible. And third, he faults their simplistic idea that one or the other of them must be right. ...
... "proofs" nor by linguistic analyses of propositions designed to show "free" and "determined" are logically compatible. And third, he faults their simplistic idea that one or the other of them must be right. ...
Hard Determinism Hard determinism is the belief that we are entirely
... instead that every event is determined by the consequences of the last, and human beings aren’t responsible for their actions as what we do is only another part of a constant chain of events. Soft Determinism Soft determinism is known as compatibilism because it bridges the main ideas of libertarian ...
... instead that every event is determined by the consequences of the last, and human beings aren’t responsible for their actions as what we do is only another part of a constant chain of events. Soft Determinism Soft determinism is known as compatibilism because it bridges the main ideas of libertarian ...
Free will
Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action. It is closely linked to the concepts of responsibility, praise, guilt, sin, and other judgments which apply only to actions that are freely chosen. It is also connected with the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition, which are pointless unless different possible results follow from different courses of action. Traditionally, only actions that are freely willed are seen as deserving credit or blame; if there is no free will, there is no retributive justification for rewarding or punishing anybody for any action. There are numerous different concerns about threats to the possibility of free will, varying by how exactly it is conceived, which is a matter of some debate.Free will is sometimes understood to mean origination, the power to break the causal chain of events, so that one's choice is uncaused by any previous event, external or internal. The concern for this conception of free will is to reconcile the existence of free will thus conceived with the possibly deterministic nature of the universe. Determinism suggests that only one course of events is possible, which is inconsistent with the existence of free will thus conceived. As far as we know, this problem was first suggested by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C.E., but it is still a major focus of philosophical debate. This view that conceives free will to be incompatible with determinism is called incompatibilism, and encompasses both metaphysical libertarianism, the claim that determinism is false and thus free will is at least possible, and hard determinism, the claim that determinism is true and thus free will is not possible. It also encompasses hard incompatibilism, which holds not only determinism but also its negation to be incompatible with free will, and thus free will to be impossible whatever the case may be regarding determinism.In contrast, compatibilists hold that free will is compatible with determinism. Some compatibilists even hold that determinism is necessary for free will, arguing that choice involves preference for one course of action over another, requiring a sense of how choices will turn out. Compatibilists thus consider the debate between libertarians and hard determinists over free will vs determinism a false dilemma. Different compatibilists offer very different definitions of what ""free will"" even means, and consequently find different types of constraints to be relevant to the issue. Classical compatiblists considered free will nothing more than freedom of action, considering one free of will simply if, had one counterfactually wanted to do otherwise, one could have done otherwise without physical impediment. Contemporary compatibilists instead identify free will as a psychological capacity, such as to direct one's behavior in a way responsive to reason. And there are still further different conceptions of free will, each with their own concerns, sharing only the common feature of not finding the possibility of determinism a threat to the possibility of free will.