Chapter 6 Data Transmission
... • Faster data rate shortens each bit, so burst of noise affects more bits — At given noise level, higher data rate results in higher error rate ...
... • Faster data rate shortens each bit, so burst of noise affects more bits — At given noise level, higher data rate results in higher error rate ...
Data Encoding Techniques
... • Modems actually use Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). • These concepts are explained using constellation points where a point determines a specific amplitude and phase. Networks: Data Encoding ...
... • Modems actually use Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). • These concepts are explained using constellation points where a point determines a specific amplitude and phase. Networks: Data Encoding ...
Vertical optimization of data transmission for mobile wireless terminals
... Consequently, losses in the wireless transmission are incorrectly interpreted as a sign of congestion, leading to a reduction of the data flow by the TCP congestion control mechanism. The fast retransmit mechanism is not able to cope, and data transfer recommences only after a ...
... Consequently, losses in the wireless transmission are incorrectly interpreted as a sign of congestion, leading to a reduction of the data flow by the TCP congestion control mechanism. The fast retransmit mechanism is not able to cope, and data transfer recommences only after a ...
Data Encoding Techniques
... • Modems actually use Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). • These concepts are explained using constellation points where a point determines a specific amplitude and phase. Networks: Data Encoding ...
... • Modems actually use Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). • These concepts are explained using constellation points where a point determines a specific amplitude and phase. Networks: Data Encoding ...
3G Wireless Systems
... Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas option Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methods: • OFDM is promising for downlink ...
... Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas option Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methods: • OFDM is promising for downlink ...
Principles of Electronic Communication Systems
... is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for the highfrequency components during transmission so that they will be stronger and not masked by noise. ...
... is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for the highfrequency components during transmission so that they will be stronger and not masked by noise. ...
Chap 5. Signals and Noise
... Nyquist sampling rate = sampling rate must be at least 2x greater than the highest frequency component in the complex signal. For example, if the highest frequency component in a complex signal is 2000 Hz, then the minimum sampling rate must be 4000 Hz or 4000 pts/s (2.5 x 10-4 s/pt) ...
... Nyquist sampling rate = sampling rate must be at least 2x greater than the highest frequency component in the complex signal. For example, if the highest frequency component in a complex signal is 2000 Hz, then the minimum sampling rate must be 4000 Hz or 4000 pts/s (2.5 x 10-4 s/pt) ...
Local-Area Networks
... and run programs. Each computer in the network can run any program, or save files, to this single computer, which is named the server. ...
... and run programs. Each computer in the network can run any program, or save files, to this single computer, which is named the server. ...
Statistical Estimation of Error Probability in a Digital Wireless
... signal. Because of the complexity in accounting for the fluctuation of the received signal phase φ (t ) , in [1], it is assumed that the phase is constant within the signal interval [0, T], an assumption which is valid for the digital modulation type: FSK, QPSK and QAM. Different statistical distrib ...
... signal. Because of the complexity in accounting for the fluctuation of the received signal phase φ (t ) , in [1], it is assumed that the phase is constant within the signal interval [0, T], an assumption which is valid for the digital modulation type: FSK, QPSK and QAM. Different statistical distrib ...
File
... Properties of a channel • More the bandwidth of the media, more the number of harmonics that can pass through the media. • Higher the data rate, less will be the number of harmonics that can pass through the media. • MDR of a channel = 2 × Bandwidth × log2 (signal levels) • MDR of a channel = Bandw ...
... Properties of a channel • More the bandwidth of the media, more the number of harmonics that can pass through the media. • Higher the data rate, less will be the number of harmonics that can pass through the media. • MDR of a channel = 2 × Bandwidth × log2 (signal levels) • MDR of a channel = Bandw ...
Wireless Communications and Networks
... A sequence of voltage pulses that may be transmitted over a copper wire medium Generally cheaper than analog signaling Less susceptible to noise interference Suffer more from attenuation Digital signals can propagate analog and digital data ...
... A sequence of voltage pulses that may be transmitted over a copper wire medium Generally cheaper than analog signaling Less susceptible to noise interference Suffer more from attenuation Digital signals can propagate analog and digital data ...
Signals - theParticle.com
... Previous section should have illustrated something about the unequal nature of bandwidth and data rate. Usually they are related. More bandwidth usually implies higher data rate. It turns out (due to Nyquist), we can get about 2bps for every 1Hz. Each wave has an upside (the 1bit), and a down side ( ...
... Previous section should have illustrated something about the unequal nature of bandwidth and data rate. Usually they are related. More bandwidth usually implies higher data rate. It turns out (due to Nyquist), we can get about 2bps for every 1Hz. Each wave has an upside (the 1bit), and a down side ( ...
Transmission Fundamentals
... DIGITAL SIGNALS • A sequence of voltage pulses that may be transmitted over a copper wire medium • Generally cheaper than analog signaling • Less susceptible to noise interference • Suffer more from attenuation • Digital signals can propagate analog and digital data ...
... DIGITAL SIGNALS • A sequence of voltage pulses that may be transmitted over a copper wire medium • Generally cheaper than analog signaling • Less susceptible to noise interference • Suffer more from attenuation • Digital signals can propagate analog and digital data ...
PCB Layout Tips
... • Start with connectors, pushbuttons, etc. Their location is often fixed due to the function or form factor of the product. • Pay attention to which components have lots of connections between them, try to orient the components so that the traces can be straightforward. • Partition the board accordi ...
... • Start with connectors, pushbuttons, etc. Their location is often fixed due to the function or form factor of the product. • Pay attention to which components have lots of connections between them, try to orient the components so that the traces can be straightforward. • Partition the board accordi ...
PCB Layout Tips
... • Start with connectors, pushbuttons, etc. Their location is often fixed due to the function or form factor of the product. • Pay attention to which components have lots of connections between them, try to orient the components so that the traces can be straightforward. • Partition the board accordi ...
... • Start with connectors, pushbuttons, etc. Their location is often fixed due to the function or form factor of the product. • Pay attention to which components have lots of connections between them, try to orient the components so that the traces can be straightforward. • Partition the board accordi ...
View File
... We can calculate the theoretical highest bit rate of a regular telephone line. A telephone line normally has a bandwidth of 4KHz. The signal-to-noise ratio is usually 3162. For this channel the capacity is calculated as ...
... We can calculate the theoretical highest bit rate of a regular telephone line. A telephone line normally has a bandwidth of 4KHz. The signal-to-noise ratio is usually 3162. For this channel the capacity is calculated as ...
Watermarking with Side Information
... The first noise is restricted to produce only one of two specific noise vectors: s=s1 or s=s2. Assume that s=s1, the transmitter must choose a vector x, limited by the power constraint p, to encode a message. Since s1 is known, it can choose a desired value of the sum u=x+s1 instead, and then sets x ...
... The first noise is restricted to produce only one of two specific noise vectors: s=s1 or s=s2. Assume that s=s1, the transmitter must choose a vector x, limited by the power constraint p, to encode a message. Since s1 is known, it can choose a desired value of the sum u=x+s1 instead, and then sets x ...
Electricity and Sound
... Physical and Virtual - Working Definitions Transducers - Link Sound and Audio Environments ...
... Physical and Virtual - Working Definitions Transducers - Link Sound and Audio Environments ...
Chapter # 3 Data and Signals
... channel with a B-W that doesn't start from Zero). This type of channel is more available than a low-pass channel. ...
... channel with a B-W that doesn't start from Zero). This type of channel is more available than a low-pass channel. ...
Overview on wireless technologies: on the road to UMTS and beyond
... the delivery of content from the service. This is performed by using WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) ...
... the delivery of content from the service. This is performed by using WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) ...
File - Learning@NDGTA
... computers exercising LAN control • In turn these may be part of a network with a larger mainframe company computer controlling all ...
... computers exercising LAN control • In turn these may be part of a network with a larger mainframe company computer controlling all ...
Telecommunication
Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between two or more entities (communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technology uses channels to transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium (such as signal cables), or in the form of electromagnetic waves. The word is often used in its plural form, telecommunications, because it involves many different technologies.Early means of communicating over a distance included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs. Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages such as coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Modern technologies for long-distance communication usually involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies, such as telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, and communications satellites.A revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television).