standard - TTAC Online
... giants, consisting of thick outer layers of gaseous materials, perhaps with small rocky cores. ...
... giants, consisting of thick outer layers of gaseous materials, perhaps with small rocky cores. ...
Why do Migrating TJs Suddenly Start Erupting
... Net W-ward drift is an additional source of shear (no plate is stationary) ...
... Net W-ward drift is an additional source of shear (no plate is stationary) ...
From Local Network Data' Evidence for a Seismogenic Lower Crust
... models,one with a single layer and one with three layers beneathPie de Palo with a distancedepth ratio less than 1 (Table 1). The three-layermodelproducesbetterlocations are concentratedbetween20 and 35 km depth, but there are in terms of residuals, estimated hypocentral errors, and relatively few o ...
... models,one with a single layer and one with three layers beneathPie de Palo with a distancedepth ratio less than 1 (Table 1). The three-layermodelproducesbetterlocations are concentratedbetween20 and 35 km depth, but there are in terms of residuals, estimated hypocentral errors, and relatively few o ...
Magmatic and tectonic evolution of the North Atlantic Journal of the
... unpublished). Between the two OBS profiles along the eastern side of the Jan Mayen Ridge the continent–ocean boundary is also marked by a steep gradient in the bathymetry, Bouguer map and free-air gravity map. Its imprint in the magnetic data is not clear because of poor data coverage, but the inter ...
... unpublished). Between the two OBS profiles along the eastern side of the Jan Mayen Ridge the continent–ocean boundary is also marked by a steep gradient in the bathymetry, Bouguer map and free-air gravity map. Its imprint in the magnetic data is not clear because of poor data coverage, but the inter ...
Layers of the Earth Lab Activity Instructions Purp
... e. On your diagram include one fact about this layer that you learned or find interesting. 6. Draw the lithosphere. The outermost, rigid layer of Earth is the lithosphere. It is made of two parts- the crust and the rigid, upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is divided into pieces called tecton ...
... e. On your diagram include one fact about this layer that you learned or find interesting. 6. Draw the lithosphere. The outermost, rigid layer of Earth is the lithosphere. It is made of two parts- the crust and the rigid, upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is divided into pieces called tecton ...
conductivity structure of crust and upper mantle beneath the
... large-scale high conductivity anomalies, indicated by separated high-conductivity bodies of big sizes and differing shapes with resistivity less than 4Ωm. Beneath the Bangong-Nujiang and Jinshajiang River sutures, the highconductivity bodies in the crust tend to extend toward the upper mantle, imply ...
... large-scale high conductivity anomalies, indicated by separated high-conductivity bodies of big sizes and differing shapes with resistivity less than 4Ωm. Beneath the Bangong-Nujiang and Jinshajiang River sutures, the highconductivity bodies in the crust tend to extend toward the upper mantle, imply ...
Mantle convection models featuring plate tectonic behaviour
... Nearly 80 years ago, Arthur Holmes (1931) proposed that continents might move due to convective overturning in the Earth’s interior. Holmes correctly identified convection as the ultimate driving force for continental motion but his work did not define plates in the modern sense, rather it described m ...
... Nearly 80 years ago, Arthur Holmes (1931) proposed that continents might move due to convective overturning in the Earth’s interior. Holmes correctly identified convection as the ultimate driving force for continental motion but his work did not define plates in the modern sense, rather it described m ...
TTGs and adakites: are they both slab melts?
... TTGs do not resemble adakites in terms of fluidmobile trace elements such as Ba, K, and Rb (Table 1). The relatively high contents of these elements in TTGs compared to adakites may reflect a subduction zone component in TTG sources, which is not present in the descending slab source of adakites. Th ...
... TTGs do not resemble adakites in terms of fluidmobile trace elements such as Ba, K, and Rb (Table 1). The relatively high contents of these elements in TTGs compared to adakites may reflect a subduction zone component in TTG sources, which is not present in the descending slab source of adakites. Th ...
Reheating of old oceanic lithosphere: Deductions from observations
... deepening ceases at - 80 Ma. At the same time, topographic variance increases drastically [5,6]. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the high population of seamounts and oceanic plateaus on old seafloor: these are known to have thicker crust than the deep ocean basins. This is most obvious in ...
... deepening ceases at - 80 Ma. At the same time, topographic variance increases drastically [5,6]. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the high population of seamounts and oceanic plateaus on old seafloor: these are known to have thicker crust than the deep ocean basins. This is most obvious in ...
The origin of the Dead Sea rift
... centres? Why did the initial propagation of the Red Sea into the Gulf of Suez stop and an opening of the Gulf of Elat start? Using crustal structure data from north Africa and the eastern Mediterranean and approximating the deformation of the lithosphere by a deformation of a multilayer thin sheet t ...
... centres? Why did the initial propagation of the Red Sea into the Gulf of Suez stop and an opening of the Gulf of Elat start? Using crustal structure data from north Africa and the eastern Mediterranean and approximating the deformation of the lithosphere by a deformation of a multilayer thin sheet t ...
Molnar, P., and J. M. Stock (2009), Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20 Ma and its implications
... Figure 1. Map of Asia showing places within the Tibetan Plateau, on its margins, and far from it, where there is evidence of rejuvenation or initiation of tectonic activity since 15 Ma. Within the plateau, this includes evidence for the onset of normal faulting [e.g., Blisniuk et al., 2001; Harriso ...
... Figure 1. Map of Asia showing places within the Tibetan Plateau, on its margins, and far from it, where there is evidence of rejuvenation or initiation of tectonic activity since 15 Ma. Within the plateau, this includes evidence for the onset of normal faulting [e.g., Blisniuk et al., 2001; Harriso ...
Archean Geodynamics and the Thermal Evolution of Earth
... framework of simple whole-mantle convection. The geological record of supercontinents back to ~2.7 Ga is shown to be broadly consistent with the accelerating plate motion as predicted by the new model. Furthermore, the very fact of repeated continental aggregation indicates that thicker depleted lit ...
... framework of simple whole-mantle convection. The geological record of supercontinents back to ~2.7 Ga is shown to be broadly consistent with the accelerating plate motion as predicted by the new model. Furthermore, the very fact of repeated continental aggregation indicates that thicker depleted lit ...
geol_15_patton_sprin..
... C) No. Faults in earthquakes never move up and down. D) No. Faults in earthquakes sometimes are preceded by ground uplift, but not always E) No. Faults that rise up are usually associated with volcanoes and not earthquakes Answer: D Section: 3.9 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application 3. What are the main typ ...
... C) No. Faults in earthquakes never move up and down. D) No. Faults in earthquakes sometimes are preceded by ground uplift, but not always E) No. Faults that rise up are usually associated with volcanoes and not earthquakes Answer: D Section: 3.9 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application 3. What are the main typ ...
Variations of the crustal thickness in Nepal Himalayas
... to damage and destruction of human habitation and suffering of population. The Himalayas, which are the highest mountain chain on the Earth, has formed due to the collision of the Indian and Asian plates. The mechanisms of mountain building in Himalayas and Tibet have been extensively discussed by m ...
... to damage and destruction of human habitation and suffering of population. The Himalayas, which are the highest mountain chain on the Earth, has formed due to the collision of the Indian and Asian plates. The mechanisms of mountain building in Himalayas and Tibet have been extensively discussed by m ...
Effects of Hydrothermal Cooling and Magma Injection on Mid
... model. Strain-rate softening in the brittle regime is used to simulate the rate-dependence of frictional strength observed in laboratory studies. This formulation results in the formation of localized zones of high strain rate (analogous to faults) that develop in response to the rheology and bounda ...
... model. Strain-rate softening in the brittle regime is used to simulate the rate-dependence of frictional strength observed in laboratory studies. This formulation results in the formation of localized zones of high strain rate (analogous to faults) that develop in response to the rheology and bounda ...
Motion
... • Scientists think that some of the collisions along continentalcontinental convergent plate boundaries might have forced continental crust down into the upper mantle where it melted, intruded into the overlying rocks, and eventually cooled to form batholiths. ...
... • Scientists think that some of the collisions along continentalcontinental convergent plate boundaries might have forced continental crust down into the upper mantle where it melted, intruded into the overlying rocks, and eventually cooled to form batholiths. ...
Slides and text from Gold Medal Lecture
... and influential global tectonics article of the 20th century, Hess suggested that thermal convection within the mantle drives the continuous creation and destruction of ocean floors by the symmetrical generation of new ocean floor above divergent, gravitydriven buoyant upwellings of hot mantle, and ...
... and influential global tectonics article of the 20th century, Hess suggested that thermal convection within the mantle drives the continuous creation and destruction of ocean floors by the symmetrical generation of new ocean floor above divergent, gravitydriven buoyant upwellings of hot mantle, and ...
How do subduction processes contribute to forearc - HAL-Insu
... (~37.5°S) does not correspond to any subducting ridge. Melnick et al. (2009) show this uplift may result from N-S continental shortening resulting from the Northward motion of the Chiloe forearc sliver. In fact, it has been noted that peninsulas generally correspond to particular places in which cru ...
... (~37.5°S) does not correspond to any subducting ridge. Melnick et al. (2009) show this uplift may result from N-S continental shortening resulting from the Northward motion of the Chiloe forearc sliver. In fact, it has been noted that peninsulas generally correspond to particular places in which cru ...
Rudnick and Lee.fm - Cin
... by the melt. Importantly, because of the one to two orders of magnitude higher concentration of Os in residual peridotites compared to melts, Os isotopic compositions of peridotite residues are difficult to overprint by later processes, such as melt infiltration, which have such dramatic effects on ...
... by the melt. Importantly, because of the one to two orders of magnitude higher concentration of Os in residual peridotites compared to melts, Os isotopic compositions of peridotite residues are difficult to overprint by later processes, such as melt infiltration, which have such dramatic effects on ...
Unlocking the Opening Processes of the South China Sea Introduction Workshop Reports
... continental margin rifting, and its central portion is floored with oceanic crust. Despite its relatively short evolutionary history, compelling research opportunities abound for a multitude of key tectonic processes ranging from rifting through seafloor spreading to subduction, as well as for the c ...
... continental margin rifting, and its central portion is floored with oceanic crust. Despite its relatively short evolutionary history, compelling research opportunities abound for a multitude of key tectonic processes ranging from rifting through seafloor spreading to subduction, as well as for the c ...
Document
... Magmatic activity: the intrusion of melts at high values of stretching modifies the heat flow history and thermal subsidence at passive margins. Induced mantle convection: the stretching of the lithosphere may induce secondary mantle convection in the region of upwelled asthenosphere. Radiogen ...
... Magmatic activity: the intrusion of melts at high values of stretching modifies the heat flow history and thermal subsidence at passive margins. Induced mantle convection: the stretching of the lithosphere may induce secondary mantle convection in the region of upwelled asthenosphere. Radiogen ...
Gernigon, L., O. Olesen, J. Ebbing, S. Wienecke
... and associated magmatic events should help us to better assess the parameters and mechanisms involved during and after the onset of the breakup on the Mid-Norwegian margin. The main objective of this contribution is to update and re-examine the geophysical and tectonic setting of the Norwegian–Green ...
... and associated magmatic events should help us to better assess the parameters and mechanisms involved during and after the onset of the breakup on the Mid-Norwegian margin. The main objective of this contribution is to update and re-examine the geophysical and tectonic setting of the Norwegian–Green ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.