Submarine Earthquakes, Part I
... If we were to drain the water from the world's oceans and take a ride along the bottom, we would see that the land under the sea has similar landforms to the earth's surface that is above water. The ocean bottom begins at the continental shelf. The continental shelf is a gentle sloping underwater pl ...
... If we were to drain the water from the world's oceans and take a ride along the bottom, we would see that the land under the sea has similar landforms to the earth's surface that is above water. The ocean bottom begins at the continental shelf. The continental shelf is a gentle sloping underwater pl ...
Waves inside earth In 1864, Jules Verne wrote A
... By studying what happens to the waves on their path through Earth, scientists are able to make detailed maps of Earth’s interior… 1. When S-waves are produced on one side of Earth due to an earthquake, there is a large area on the other side where the waves can’t be detected. 2. Scientists know that ...
... By studying what happens to the waves on their path through Earth, scientists are able to make detailed maps of Earth’s interior… 1. When S-waves are produced on one side of Earth due to an earthquake, there is a large area on the other side where the waves can’t be detected. 2. Scientists know that ...
The Theory of Seafloor Spreading
... the time and is locked into place when the rocks form proving that new rocks are always forming at the ridges. ...
... the time and is locked into place when the rocks form proving that new rocks are always forming at the ridges. ...
Earth Model Project
... (Example: to show which layers are cool and which are hot, and to show which layers are rock and which are metal) ...
... (Example: to show which layers are cool and which are hot, and to show which layers are rock and which are metal) ...
Slide 1
... Is unattached to the mantle, being suspended by the molten outer core. This field is also known as Earth's magnetic field, which is responsible for the functioning of mechanical and biological compasses. This field also causes a subtle jerking motion in the Earth's daily rotation. About 10% of this ...
... Is unattached to the mantle, being suspended by the molten outer core. This field is also known as Earth's magnetic field, which is responsible for the functioning of mechanical and biological compasses. This field also causes a subtle jerking motion in the Earth's daily rotation. About 10% of this ...
Atmosphere
... Super-Earths geochemistry, e.g. the Carbonate-silicate cycle, or Sulfur cycle, etc. Planets of different initial conditions are “driven” to a set of geochemical equilibria by global geo-cycles over geological timescales. e.g., Halevy & Schrag (2008) ...
... Super-Earths geochemistry, e.g. the Carbonate-silicate cycle, or Sulfur cycle, etc. Planets of different initial conditions are “driven” to a set of geochemical equilibria by global geo-cycles over geological timescales. e.g., Halevy & Schrag (2008) ...
Cratonic keels and a 2-layer mantle tested:
... westwards, and is still active (Vrancea). 2. In the Oligocene this action drove the Balkans ~200km westward. This built the Western Alps and started Apennines construction by reactivating Cretaceous subduction and triggering Tyrrhenian slab pull. 3. Since mid-Cretaceous or earlier, this action has d ...
... westwards, and is still active (Vrancea). 2. In the Oligocene this action drove the Balkans ~200km westward. This built the Western Alps and started Apennines construction by reactivating Cretaceous subduction and triggering Tyrrhenian slab pull. 3. Since mid-Cretaceous or earlier, this action has d ...
Ring of Fire
... The theory of plate tectonics is based on the theory of continental drift. Proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s, this theory states that one huge continent, Pangaea, existed on Earth about 200–250 million years ago. After about 100 million years, streams of molten rock in the mantle caused ...
... The theory of plate tectonics is based on the theory of continental drift. Proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early 1900s, this theory states that one huge continent, Pangaea, existed on Earth about 200–250 million years ago. After about 100 million years, streams of molten rock in the mantle caused ...
SGES 1302 Lecture3
... continental crust, from which he inferred that there must be a strong upper layer (which he called the lithosphere) above a weaker layer which could flow (which he called the asthenosphere). These ideas were enlarged by Daly (1940), and have been broadly accepted by geologists and geophysicists. Alt ...
... continental crust, from which he inferred that there must be a strong upper layer (which he called the lithosphere) above a weaker layer which could flow (which he called the asthenosphere). These ideas were enlarged by Daly (1940), and have been broadly accepted by geologists and geophysicists. Alt ...
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING
... • Scientists dated the rocks and determined that older rocks were further away from the mid-ocean ridge. • The youngest of the rock was in the center of the ridge. ...
... • Scientists dated the rocks and determined that older rocks were further away from the mid-ocean ridge. • The youngest of the rock was in the center of the ridge. ...
MYSTERIES OF PLANET EARTH
... Transition Zone: Below Asthenosphere; At 400km, Mg olivine compresses to form spinel; At 700-km, spinel and other minerals change to ...
... Transition Zone: Below Asthenosphere; At 400km, Mg olivine compresses to form spinel; At 700-km, spinel and other minerals change to ...
Mid-Oceanic ridge system
... backarc basin, rather than the 11 Ma postulated previously. The basin has evolved as a consequence of extrusive tectonics that prompted extension and rifting along the plane joining the Sagaing and Semengko fault systems forming the deep Andaman backarc basin. A jump spreading centre during Late Oli ...
... backarc basin, rather than the 11 Ma postulated previously. The basin has evolved as a consequence of extrusive tectonics that prompted extension and rifting along the plane joining the Sagaing and Semengko fault systems forming the deep Andaman backarc basin. A jump spreading centre during Late Oli ...
Curriculum Map Template
... I can identify two sources of Earth’s internal heat. Work sheets, quizzes, Radioactive Decay (M & M’s) Lab, Heat Transfer Jeopardy Game ...
... I can identify two sources of Earth’s internal heat. Work sheets, quizzes, Radioactive Decay (M & M’s) Lab, Heat Transfer Jeopardy Game ...
Name: Block: ______ Structure of the Earth THE
... kind like when you push a piece of paper against a book. Try it! Put a book on your desk, and slide a piece of paper flat on your desk towards it. It will arch up just like the edges of the tectonic plates can when they push against each other – mountains! Oceans rest on tectonic plates that are les ...
... kind like when you push a piece of paper against a book. Try it! Put a book on your desk, and slide a piece of paper flat on your desk towards it. It will arch up just like the edges of the tectonic plates can when they push against each other – mountains! Oceans rest on tectonic plates that are les ...
Earth Revealed - Metamorphic Rocks
... 8. Blue schist is rare. It is formed at depth but under relatively cool temperatures (200-400 degrees celsius). What plate tectonic feature could explain this? (a) collision of continental plates (b) sea-floor spreading (c) subduction zone where an oceanic plate dives under a continental plate (d) S ...
... 8. Blue schist is rare. It is formed at depth but under relatively cool temperatures (200-400 degrees celsius). What plate tectonic feature could explain this? (a) collision of continental plates (b) sea-floor spreading (c) subduction zone where an oceanic plate dives under a continental plate (d) S ...
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
... This Dynamic Planet http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/about/edu/dynamicplanet/index.php When and where on the planet have volcanoes erupted recently? Why do volcanoes occur in those locations? Can volcanoes happen anywhere, or are they more likely in some areas? In this activity, you will find out about the ...
... This Dynamic Planet http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/about/edu/dynamicplanet/index.php When and where on the planet have volcanoes erupted recently? Why do volcanoes occur in those locations? Can volcanoes happen anywhere, or are they more likely in some areas? In this activity, you will find out about the ...
Plate Tectonics - Volcanoes Alive!
... Ask the students to decide which student in each pair will create a convergent boundary. Have those students place their bricks beside each other on the table in front of them. Then show the students how to smash the two brick halves together. The boundary of the two halves should rise up, demonstra ...
... Ask the students to decide which student in each pair will create a convergent boundary. Have those students place their bricks beside each other on the table in front of them. Then show the students how to smash the two brick halves together. The boundary of the two halves should rise up, demonstra ...
Plate Tectonic Map of Geoworld
... over the oceans of Geoworld. Parts of the sea floor have an extra strong magnetic field while other parts have an extra weak magnetic field. Just as on Earth, the areas with anomalously strong magnetic fields are composed of rocks that are magnetized with the same polarity as the current field while ...
... over the oceans of Geoworld. Parts of the sea floor have an extra strong magnetic field while other parts have an extra weak magnetic field. Just as on Earth, the areas with anomalously strong magnetic fields are composed of rocks that are magnetized with the same polarity as the current field while ...
Mechanisms of Shear Zone Localization on Modern Earth, Early
... Layer 1 density accounts for ~7km oceanic crust (but not phases changes during subduction) Layer 1 yield strength is (very) low to account for (unresolved) near-surface faulting, entrainment of sediments into the plate boundary &c Viscosity is truncated after averaging (to 105 x asthenosphere) Layer ...
... Layer 1 density accounts for ~7km oceanic crust (but not phases changes during subduction) Layer 1 yield strength is (very) low to account for (unresolved) near-surface faulting, entrainment of sediments into the plate boundary &c Viscosity is truncated after averaging (to 105 x asthenosphere) Layer ...
Document
... In short, the driving forces advocated at the moment can be divided into three categories based on the relationship to the movement: mantle dynamics related, gravity related (mostly secondary forces), and Earth rotation related. ...
... In short, the driving forces advocated at the moment can be divided into three categories based on the relationship to the movement: mantle dynamics related, gravity related (mostly secondary forces), and Earth rotation related. ...
Sea Floor Spreading - Sterlingmontessoriscience
... Beginning just after Wegener’s end, Arthur Holmes began to describe mantle heat flow in terms of convection. Materials that can flow tend to lose thermal energy by the convection process. This explains circulation in a pot of water that is being heated from below in the same way it describes the coo ...
... Beginning just after Wegener’s end, Arthur Holmes began to describe mantle heat flow in terms of convection. Materials that can flow tend to lose thermal energy by the convection process. This explains circulation in a pot of water that is being heated from below in the same way it describes the coo ...
Observing Convection Currents
... From seismic and other geophysical evidence and laboratory experiments, scientists generally agree with Harry Hess' theory that the plate-driving force is the slow movement of hot, softened mantle that lies below the rigid plates. This idea was first considered in the 1930s by Arthur Holmes, the Eng ...
... From seismic and other geophysical evidence and laboratory experiments, scientists generally agree with Harry Hess' theory that the plate-driving force is the slow movement of hot, softened mantle that lies below the rigid plates. This idea was first considered in the 1930s by Arthur Holmes, the Eng ...
Additional Teaching Materials NEXT PAGE
... Objectives—introducing fundamental concepts and observations of Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes. May be used either as learning aids for Earth Science teachers or edited for classroom use. Snack Tectonics Type—Hands-on activity Level—Basic Materials—Graham crackers, fruit roll-up, water, frosting, w ...
... Objectives—introducing fundamental concepts and observations of Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes. May be used either as learning aids for Earth Science teachers or edited for classroom use. Snack Tectonics Type—Hands-on activity Level—Basic Materials—Graham crackers, fruit roll-up, water, frosting, w ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.