Global tectonics - Scheme of work and lesson plan booklet
... can be found at www.ocr.org.uk, along with the new specification. In order to help you plan effectively for the implementation of the new specification we have produced this Scheme of Work and Sample Lesson Plans for Geology. These Support Materials are designed for guidance only and play a secondar ...
... can be found at www.ocr.org.uk, along with the new specification. In order to help you plan effectively for the implementation of the new specification we have produced this Scheme of Work and Sample Lesson Plans for Geology. These Support Materials are designed for guidance only and play a secondar ...
The Central Basin Spreading Center in the Philippine Sea
... deepest inactive basin on the Philippine Sea Plate. The average depth of the basin ranges from 5500 to 6000 m, deeper than that expected from the standard age-depth curve but in accord with the curve derived for back arc basins [Sclater, 1972; Park et al., 1990]. The WPB is bounded on the east side ...
... deepest inactive basin on the Philippine Sea Plate. The average depth of the basin ranges from 5500 to 6000 m, deeper than that expected from the standard age-depth curve but in accord with the curve derived for back arc basins [Sclater, 1972; Park et al., 1990]. The WPB is bounded on the east side ...
Origin and models of oceanic transform faults. Tectonophysics, 522
... faults that are often associated with asymmetric accretion is well established along ridges spreading at less than 80 mm/yr (e.g., Allerton et al., 2000; Collier et al., 1997; Escartin et al., 2008 and references therein). On the other hand, transform faults are found in all above mentioned types of ...
... faults that are often associated with asymmetric accretion is well established along ridges spreading at less than 80 mm/yr (e.g., Allerton et al., 2000; Collier et al., 1997; Escartin et al., 2008 and references therein). On the other hand, transform faults are found in all above mentioned types of ...
The Central Basin Spreading Center in the Philippine Sea: Structure
... deepest inactive basin on the Philippine Sea Plate. The average depth of the basin ranges from 5500 to 6000 m, deeper than that expected from the standard age-depth curve but in accord with the curve derived for back arc basins [Sclater, 1972; Park et al., 1990]. The WPB is bounded on the east side ...
... deepest inactive basin on the Philippine Sea Plate. The average depth of the basin ranges from 5500 to 6000 m, deeper than that expected from the standard age-depth curve but in accord with the curve derived for back arc basins [Sclater, 1972; Park et al., 1990]. The WPB is bounded on the east side ...
Mountain Building Processes in Four-Dimensions (4D-MB)
... mission. It will test the hypothesis that re-organizations of Earth’s mantle during the collision of tectonic plates have both immediate and long-lasting effects on earthquake distribution, crustal motion and landscape evolution in mountain belts. 4D-MB challenges conventional wisdom by recognising ...
... mission. It will test the hypothesis that re-organizations of Earth’s mantle during the collision of tectonic plates have both immediate and long-lasting effects on earthquake distribution, crustal motion and landscape evolution in mountain belts. 4D-MB challenges conventional wisdom by recognising ...
FOSS Earth History, Second Edition Glossary abrasion
... era a broad span of geological time based on the general type of life existing during that time (SRB, IG) erosion the carrying away of weathered earth materials by water, wind, or ice (SRB, IG) erratic a rock that is different from the type of rock found in its current location (SRB) extinct in ter ...
... era a broad span of geological time based on the general type of life existing during that time (SRB, IG) erosion the carrying away of weathered earth materials by water, wind, or ice (SRB, IG) erratic a rock that is different from the type of rock found in its current location (SRB) extinct in ter ...
Anorthosite and the lower crust
... emplacement at mid-crust levels (Emslie et al., 1994; Scoates and Chamberlain, 1997). In SW Scandinavia terrane boundaries have been traced in deep seismic profiles to Moho offsets or to tongues of lower crustal material (the so-called Telemark Craton Tongue) underthrust to depths higher than 40-50 ...
... emplacement at mid-crust levels (Emslie et al., 1994; Scoates and Chamberlain, 1997). In SW Scandinavia terrane boundaries have been traced in deep seismic profiles to Moho offsets or to tongues of lower crustal material (the so-called Telemark Craton Tongue) underthrust to depths higher than 40-50 ...
GRANITOID ROCKS
... mix, sometimes completely. It is possible that many diorites and granodiorites may be the products of mixing mafic and silicic melts. A good example of the magma mixing process is the Tuolumne Meadows magma series in the Yosemite National Park. Side-wall (boundary layer) crystallization This mechani ...
... mix, sometimes completely. It is possible that many diorites and granodiorites may be the products of mixing mafic and silicic melts. A good example of the magma mixing process is the Tuolumne Meadows magma series in the Yosemite National Park. Side-wall (boundary layer) crystallization This mechani ...
Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints
... The kinematics of subduction zones shows a variety of settings that can provide clues for dynamic understandings. Two reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower p ...
... The kinematics of subduction zones shows a variety of settings that can provide clues for dynamic understandings. Two reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower p ...
Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints
... The kinematics of subduction zones shows a variety of settings that can provide clues for dynamic understandings. Two reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower p ...
... The kinematics of subduction zones shows a variety of settings that can provide clues for dynamic understandings. Two reference frames are used here to describe the simple 2D kinematics of subduction zones. In the first, the upper plate is assumed fixed, whereas in the second frame upper and lower p ...
3 Factors controlling the crustal density structure - diss.fu
... scale for the decrease of H with depth and k = 2.5 W/m°C is thermal conductivity [Turcotte and Schubert, 2002, p.147]. With this parameterisation, the 1D thermal structure of the continental lithosphere depends exclusively on the surface heat flow density Qs. Common variance in Qs (±5 mW/m2), k (±0. ...
... scale for the decrease of H with depth and k = 2.5 W/m°C is thermal conductivity [Turcotte and Schubert, 2002, p.147]. With this parameterisation, the 1D thermal structure of the continental lithosphere depends exclusively on the surface heat flow density Qs. Common variance in Qs (±5 mW/m2), k (±0. ...
Correlated geophysical, geochemical, and volcanological
... the gradual shoaling of sea floor depths along the western GSC over a distance of 800 km (Figure 1). Ridge axis depths along the western GSC decrease from 3500 m at 97.7°W to <1700 m at 91.4°W (Figure 2a). Part of this 1800 m change in axial depth is a result of a systematic change in axial morph ...
... the gradual shoaling of sea floor depths along the western GSC over a distance of 800 km (Figure 1). Ridge axis depths along the western GSC decrease from 3500 m at 97.7°W to <1700 m at 91.4°W (Figure 2a). Part of this 1800 m change in axial depth is a result of a systematic change in axial morph ...
PDF (Chapter 10. Isotopes)
... various processes in a planet's history. The unstable isotopes most useful in geochemistry have a wide range of decay constants, or half-lives, and can be used to infer processes occurring over the entire age of the Earth (Table 10-1). In addition, isotopes can be used as tracers and in this regard ...
... various processes in a planet's history. The unstable isotopes most useful in geochemistry have a wide range of decay constants, or half-lives, and can be used to infer processes occurring over the entire age of the Earth (Table 10-1). In addition, isotopes can be used as tracers and in this regard ...
Post-collision, Shoshonitic Volcanism on the Tibetan Plateau
... the world and, although in a thermal context its Karakorum fault to the south and west (Fig. 1). origin is poorly understood, it often has similar Successive stages of the India—Asia collision and characteristics irrespective of location and age accretion of the Tibetan plateau were accompanied (Pea ...
... the world and, although in a thermal context its Karakorum fault to the south and west (Fig. 1). origin is poorly understood, it often has similar Successive stages of the India—Asia collision and characteristics irrespective of location and age accretion of the Tibetan plateau were accompanied (Pea ...
Exhumation of (ultra-)high-pressure terranes: concepts
... greatly affect our understanding of exhumation rates and mechanisms. More high-precision geochronology and thermobarometric data from other orogenic peridotites in Norway and elsewhere are needed to confirm the Vrijmoed et al. (2009) overpressure hypothesis. Suggestions of tectonic overpressure are ...
... greatly affect our understanding of exhumation rates and mechanisms. More high-precision geochronology and thermobarometric data from other orogenic peridotites in Norway and elsewhere are needed to confirm the Vrijmoed et al. (2009) overpressure hypothesis. Suggestions of tectonic overpressure are ...
IMPLICATIONS FOR APPALACHIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE
... Mesozoic rift basins [Griscom, 1963], and with the dipping events imaged on the seismic reflection data [Ando et al., 1984; Hutchinson et al., 1986]. Karner and Watts [1983] suggested ...
... Mesozoic rift basins [Griscom, 1963], and with the dipping events imaged on the seismic reflection data [Ando et al., 1984; Hutchinson et al., 1986]. Karner and Watts [1983] suggested ...
Paleogene Foredeep Basin Deposits of North
... rests upon the North American Plate, with representatives, from base to top, of the Pangean and ProtoCaribbean, covered by Paleogene clastic successions (Iturralde-Vinent, 1994, 1998, 2006). These are tectonically imbricated and overthrusted by an allochthonous suite derived from the Caribbean plate ...
... rests upon the North American Plate, with representatives, from base to top, of the Pangean and ProtoCaribbean, covered by Paleogene clastic successions (Iturralde-Vinent, 1994, 1998, 2006). These are tectonically imbricated and overthrusted by an allochthonous suite derived from the Caribbean plate ...
Two-dimensional simulations of surface deformation caused by slab
... Detachment of the deeper part of subducted lithosphere causes changes in a subduction zone system which may be observed on the Earth’s surface. Constraints on the expected magnitudes of these surface effects can aid in the interpretation of geological observations near convergent plate margins where ...
... Detachment of the deeper part of subducted lithosphere causes changes in a subduction zone system which may be observed on the Earth’s surface. Constraints on the expected magnitudes of these surface effects can aid in the interpretation of geological observations near convergent plate margins where ...
Preliminary analysis of the Knipovich Ridge segmentation: in£uence
... geophysical variation between ridges? This is a fundamental question facing modern investigation of mid-ocean ridge tectonics and geophysics [1]. Although spreading rate appears to be a main parameter in£uencing these processes, another important factor is the interplay between spreading rate and ma ...
... geophysical variation between ridges? This is a fundamental question facing modern investigation of mid-ocean ridge tectonics and geophysics [1]. Although spreading rate appears to be a main parameter in£uencing these processes, another important factor is the interplay between spreading rate and ma ...
V structural models associated with
... Plain and Western Foothills the depth of the Moho is around 35 km, which deepens gradually eastward, reaches a maximum depth of ∼55 km beneath the eastern Central Mountain Range, shallows up rapidly beneath the Longitudinal Valley and Coastal Range, and merges with the thin Philippine Sea Plate offs ...
... Plain and Western Foothills the depth of the Moho is around 35 km, which deepens gradually eastward, reaches a maximum depth of ∼55 km beneath the eastern Central Mountain Range, shallows up rapidly beneath the Longitudinal Valley and Coastal Range, and merges with the thin Philippine Sea Plate offs ...
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 433, 204-214 , 2016.
... is shaded green. BR, Broken Ridge. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) ...
... is shaded green. BR, Broken Ridge. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) ...
Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle
... Understanding the partial melting process is key to our ability to relate geochemical characteristics of hotspot and midocean ridge lavas to the dynamics and chemical structure of the mantle. We present a method of computing the trace-element and isotopic compositions of magmas generated by melting ...
... Understanding the partial melting process is key to our ability to relate geochemical characteristics of hotspot and midocean ridge lavas to the dynamics and chemical structure of the mantle. We present a method of computing the trace-element and isotopic compositions of magmas generated by melting ...
Geology
... 1-Humorous 600 B C :-He put an idea about the shape of Earth and he descript the earth as a disc surround by water. 2-Aresto 384-322 B C :-He is provided that the Earth is a ball by scientific method . by observation he is noticed that, the matter collection is to the same center . 3-Herodotus 424-4 ...
... 1-Humorous 600 B C :-He put an idea about the shape of Earth and he descript the earth as a disc surround by water. 2-Aresto 384-322 B C :-He is provided that the Earth is a ball by scientific method . by observation he is noticed that, the matter collection is to the same center . 3-Herodotus 424-4 ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.