pptx
... If the BSE differentiates into continental crust and depleted mantle, given the mass and composition of the continental crust, what portion of the mantle can be as depleted as the source of MORB? How does this change with different estimates of the BSE composition? Do you get the same answer when yo ...
... If the BSE differentiates into continental crust and depleted mantle, given the mass and composition of the continental crust, what portion of the mantle can be as depleted as the source of MORB? How does this change with different estimates of the BSE composition? Do you get the same answer when yo ...
Overheads for Pat`s lecture
... If the crust grows ultimately by igneous processes, then the disparity between crust and primary mantle melt compositions requires additional process(es) such as: 1) Recycling of mafic/ultramafic lower crust and upper mantle (density foundering or delamination) 2) Mixing silicic melts from subducte ...
... If the crust grows ultimately by igneous processes, then the disparity between crust and primary mantle melt compositions requires additional process(es) such as: 1) Recycling of mafic/ultramafic lower crust and upper mantle (density foundering or delamination) 2) Mixing silicic melts from subducte ...
Case of the Split Personality Lab #20
... Case of the Split Personality Lab #20 Objective: Use a model to simulate the physical properties of the asthenosphere and the movement within it. ...
... Case of the Split Personality Lab #20 Objective: Use a model to simulate the physical properties of the asthenosphere and the movement within it. ...
Chapters 9-12 Take-Home Quiz
... a. an isolated area of active volcanism, especially one away from a plate boundary b. an area of intensive earthquake activity c. an area in which subduction is causing partial melting d. a zone of continent-continent collision ...
... a. an isolated area of active volcanism, especially one away from a plate boundary b. an area of intensive earthquake activity c. an area in which subduction is causing partial melting d. a zone of continent-continent collision ...
Igneous rock
... Each set of two lab stations below should be equipped with a microwave, a large, microwave-safe bowl, a large spoon, a set of measuring cups and measuring spoons. A station should be set up with the ingredients accessible to students and labeled as the various "sediments." Each group should have a c ...
... Each set of two lab stations below should be equipped with a microwave, a large, microwave-safe bowl, a large spoon, a set of measuring cups and measuring spoons. A station should be set up with the ingredients accessible to students and labeled as the various "sediments." Each group should have a c ...
Theory of Plate Tectonics
... Describe what a plate is and how scientists can recognize its edges. Explain how mantle convection moves lithospheric plates. List the three types of boundaries. Are they prone to earthquakes or volcanoes? Describe how plate tectonics processes lead to changes in Earth’s surface features. ...
... Describe what a plate is and how scientists can recognize its edges. Explain how mantle convection moves lithospheric plates. List the three types of boundaries. Are they prone to earthquakes or volcanoes? Describe how plate tectonics processes lead to changes in Earth’s surface features. ...
Metamorphic Processes Associated with Orogenic Belts of India
... rifting or collision of the crustal blocks. In these high grade rocks anatexis occurred and produced granulites as refractory residue after liquid extraction in form of granitic bodies. These granulites are taken to indicate an important granulite event. In the final stage of ensialic orogenesis, re ...
... rifting or collision of the crustal blocks. In these high grade rocks anatexis occurred and produced granulites as refractory residue after liquid extraction in form of granitic bodies. These granulites are taken to indicate an important granulite event. In the final stage of ensialic orogenesis, re ...
Graham Cracker Model of Plate Tectonics
... Graham Cracker Model of Plate Tectonics Background The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the crust of the Earth is composed of seven major plates and numerous smaller plates. These plates “ride” on the hot plastic upper mantle known as the asthenosphere. This theory also says that most of these ...
... Graham Cracker Model of Plate Tectonics Background The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the crust of the Earth is composed of seven major plates and numerous smaller plates. These plates “ride” on the hot plastic upper mantle known as the asthenosphere. This theory also says that most of these ...
Earth`s Changing Crust
... – 3. Shear – twists, tears, or pushes one part of the crust past another ...
... – 3. Shear – twists, tears, or pushes one part of the crust past another ...
Metamorphism and tectonics
... b) Cloos's model: Cloos (1982) suggested that during B-type subduction, accretionary wedge pelitic material moving down the subduction zone will tend to flow back upwards by the forces of buoyancy, when it can then carry bits and pieces of the subducted slab (now metamorphosed under blueschist and e ...
... b) Cloos's model: Cloos (1982) suggested that during B-type subduction, accretionary wedge pelitic material moving down the subduction zone will tend to flow back upwards by the forces of buoyancy, when it can then carry bits and pieces of the subducted slab (now metamorphosed under blueschist and e ...
pdf file - Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array
... fastest relative plate motions and the highest mass fluxes of sediment, magma, and related fluids into the continental crust and mantle occur at subduction zones. Subduction zones are also the source of the world's largest earthquakes, characterized by minutes of shaking and associated large tsunami ...
... fastest relative plate motions and the highest mass fluxes of sediment, magma, and related fluids into the continental crust and mantle occur at subduction zones. Subduction zones are also the source of the world's largest earthquakes, characterized by minutes of shaking and associated large tsunami ...
Sample Chapter 3 - Plate Tectonics
... down along faults, forming a continental rift. The downdropped blocks are basins that can trap sediment and water. At depth, rifting causes solid mantle material in the asthenosphere to continue flowing upward and partially melt. The resulting magma erupts from volcanoes and long fissures on the surfa ...
... down along faults, forming a continental rift. The downdropped blocks are basins that can trap sediment and water. At depth, rifting causes solid mantle material in the asthenosphere to continue flowing upward and partially melt. The resulting magma erupts from volcanoes and long fissures on the surfa ...
The Sea Floor
... 4. OCEAN SEDIMENTS are all the unconsolidated materials on the sea floor, loose fragments of rocks, minerals, ash, or organic material that are transported from their source and deposited by air, wind, ice, or water. Also some sediments are chemically precipitated from overlying water or form chemic ...
... 4. OCEAN SEDIMENTS are all the unconsolidated materials on the sea floor, loose fragments of rocks, minerals, ash, or organic material that are transported from their source and deposited by air, wind, ice, or water. Also some sediments are chemically precipitated from overlying water or form chemic ...
WA Geology
... The Ice Sheet and Glaciers that have occurred over the past 2million years have had a significant impact on the topography of this area. The Yakima Glacier flowed from the Snoqualmie Summit to Thorp The three depressions now holding Keechelus, Kachess and Cle Elum Lakes held glaciers that fed into ...
... The Ice Sheet and Glaciers that have occurred over the past 2million years have had a significant impact on the topography of this area. The Yakima Glacier flowed from the Snoqualmie Summit to Thorp The three depressions now holding Keechelus, Kachess and Cle Elum Lakes held glaciers that fed into ...
WA Geology with film
... The Ice Sheet and Glaciers that have occurred over the past 2million years have had a significant impact on the topography of this area. The Yakima Glacier flowed from the Snoqualmie Summit to Thorp The three depressions now holding Keechelus, Kachess and Cle Elum Lakes held glaciers that fed into ...
... The Ice Sheet and Glaciers that have occurred over the past 2million years have had a significant impact on the topography of this area. The Yakima Glacier flowed from the Snoqualmie Summit to Thorp The three depressions now holding Keechelus, Kachess and Cle Elum Lakes held glaciers that fed into ...
The Ocean as a Habitat
... • Founded on the movement of plates of the crust bounded by oceanic ridges and trenches (plate tectonics) • New crust formed at oceanic ridges • Old crust recedes at oceanic trenches – 95% of earth’s volcanoes occur adjacent to these areas of “subduction” • Movement of the plate from one to the othe ...
... • Founded on the movement of plates of the crust bounded by oceanic ridges and trenches (plate tectonics) • New crust formed at oceanic ridges • Old crust recedes at oceanic trenches – 95% of earth’s volcanoes occur adjacent to these areas of “subduction” • Movement of the plate from one to the othe ...
The Rock Cycle and the three rock types File
... composed of heavy iron. The mantle is composed of iron and magnesium rich minerals, so the molten rock material has a lot of heavy metal molecules. The crust contains a lot of aluminum and potassium rich minerals, so contain a lot of lighter metal molecules. When the crustal plates crash into each o ...
... composed of heavy iron. The mantle is composed of iron and magnesium rich minerals, so the molten rock material has a lot of heavy metal molecules. The crust contains a lot of aluminum and potassium rich minerals, so contain a lot of lighter metal molecules. When the crustal plates crash into each o ...
Quakes and Plates
... Figure 3. The major lithospheric plates of the earth. The earth is broken into many plates. The boundaries of these plates are well-defined and can be identified by examining the locations of shallow focus earthquakes. Many seafloor features are formed at these plate boundaries, such as trenches and ...
... Figure 3. The major lithospheric plates of the earth. The earth is broken into many plates. The boundaries of these plates are well-defined and can be identified by examining the locations of shallow focus earthquakes. Many seafloor features are formed at these plate boundaries, such as trenches and ...
Chapter 13 Section 1
... plates are moving apart at midocean ridges. • As plates pull apart, magma flows upward along the rift zone. This magma erupts to form underwater volcanoes. • Most volcanic eruptions that happen along mid-ocean ridges are unnoticed by humans because the eruptions take place deep in the ocean. ...
... plates are moving apart at midocean ridges. • As plates pull apart, magma flows upward along the rift zone. This magma erupts to form underwater volcanoes. • Most volcanic eruptions that happen along mid-ocean ridges are unnoticed by humans because the eruptions take place deep in the ocean. ...
Tectonics, Dynamics and Geomorphology of the Eastern Tibetan
... linked to the spatial and temporal patterns of Cenozoic sedimentation along the adjacent continental margins, both because uplift drives surface erosion and because the increasing elevation of the plateau is thought to have triggered the onset of the Indian monsoon in Miocene time. The eastern Tibet ...
... linked to the spatial and temporal patterns of Cenozoic sedimentation along the adjacent continental margins, both because uplift drives surface erosion and because the increasing elevation of the plateau is thought to have triggered the onset of the Indian monsoon in Miocene time. The eastern Tibet ...
Earth`s Structure Test
... D evaporation 17. What step in the rock cycle would be required to change granite into sandstone? A Granite particles settle on the ocean floor. B Lava flows melt the granite sediment. C Pieces of the granite melt when they return to the mantle by subduction. D Magma hardens into granite sediment. 1 ...
... D evaporation 17. What step in the rock cycle would be required to change granite into sandstone? A Granite particles settle on the ocean floor. B Lava flows melt the granite sediment. C Pieces of the granite melt when they return to the mantle by subduction. D Magma hardens into granite sediment. 1 ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the Greek: τεκτονικός ""pertaining to building"") is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of Earth's lithosphere. This theoretical model builds on the concept of continental drift which was developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. The geoscientific community accepted the theory after the concepts of seafloor spreading were later developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (on Earth, the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary; convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the globe remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories (that still have some supporters) propose gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by the rotation of the globe and the tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.