ICN lecture6_ Digital-Digital & Analog
... significant factor here is to remove any DC bias because coupling will severely attenuate this component of the signal. ...
... significant factor here is to remove any DC bias because coupling will severely attenuate this component of the signal. ...
Bandwidth
... NRZ - Non Return to Zero scheme is an example of this code. The signal level does not return to zero during a symbol transmission. Scheme is prone to baseline wandering and DC components. It has no synchronization or any error detection. It is simple but costly in power consumption. ...
... NRZ - Non Return to Zero scheme is an example of this code. The signal level does not return to zero during a symbol transmission. Scheme is prone to baseline wandering and DC components. It has no synchronization or any error detection. It is simple but costly in power consumption. ...
AC Circuits
... Clock oscillator: Most digital circuits require a clock signal. This is simply a periodic digital waveform, which alternates between 0 and 1 states at some chosen frequency. (When a personal computer is advertised as having a 66 MHz CPU, for example, the 66 MHz refers to the clock frequency used in ...
... Clock oscillator: Most digital circuits require a clock signal. This is simply a periodic digital waveform, which alternates between 0 and 1 states at some chosen frequency. (When a personal computer is advertised as having a 66 MHz CPU, for example, the 66 MHz refers to the clock frequency used in ...
DC and Small Signal
... Sometimes, however, this small, AC, unknown signal represents not information, but noise! Noise is a random, unknown signal that in fact masks and corrupts information. Our job as designers is to suppress it, or otherwise minimize it deleterious effects. Note that in addition to (or perhaps because ...
... Sometimes, however, this small, AC, unknown signal represents not information, but noise! Noise is a random, unknown signal that in fact masks and corrupts information. Our job as designers is to suppress it, or otherwise minimize it deleterious effects. Note that in addition to (or perhaps because ...
Digital Representation of Audio Information
... Reflected and reverberant sounds become particularly bad distractions because they are highly correlated with the original sound source. The use of absorbers and diffusers on reflective surfaces can cut down the reverberation effects in rooms. The model for a signal received at a point in space from ...
... Reflected and reverberant sounds become particularly bad distractions because they are highly correlated with the original sound source. The use of absorbers and diffusers on reflective surfaces can cut down the reverberation effects in rooms. The model for a signal received at a point in space from ...
Lab 11 - Physics Department, Princeton University
... If you have a set of headphones with a 1/8” stereo plug (the most common type), please bring it with you to Lab to listen to your AM radio. Introduction. Like the transistor amplifier lab (Lab 10), this Lab goes beyond the material that you learn in lecture and class. You will use your knowledge of ...
... If you have a set of headphones with a 1/8” stereo plug (the most common type), please bring it with you to Lab to listen to your AM radio. Introduction. Like the transistor amplifier lab (Lab 10), this Lab goes beyond the material that you learn in lecture and class. You will use your knowledge of ...
Wireless Communications and Networks
... of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of the signal ...
... of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of the signal ...
Wireless Communications and Networks
... components of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of ...
... components of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of ...
Wireless Communications and Networks
... components of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of ...
... components of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of ...
Lecturing Notes 2
... At a particular instant of time, the intensity of the signal varies as a function of distance from the source ...
... At a particular instant of time, the intensity of the signal varies as a function of distance from the source ...
High-frequency direction finding
High-frequency direction finding, usually known by its abbreviation HF/DF or nickname huff-duff, is the common name for a type of radio direction finder (RDF) introduced in World War II. High frequency (HF) refers to a radio band that can efficiently communicate over long distances; for example, between U-boats and their land-based headquarters. HF/DF was primarily used to catch enemy radios while they transmitted, although it was also used to locate friendly aircraft as a navigation aid. The basic technique remains in use to this day as one of the fundamental disciplines of signals intelligence, although typically incorporated into a larger suite of radio systems and radars instead of being a stand-alone system.Huff-duff used a set of antennas to receive the same signal in slightly different locations or angles, and then used the slight differences in the signal to display the bearing to the transmitter on an oscilloscope display. Earlier systems used a mechanically rotated antenna (or solenoid) and an operator listening for peaks or nulls in the signal, which took considerable time to determine. Huff-duff's speed allowed it to catch fleeting signals, such as those from the U-boat fleet.The system was initially developed by Robert Watson-Watt starting in 1926, although many of the practical elements were not developed until the late 1930s. Huff-duff units were in very high demand, and there was considerable inter-service rivalry involved in their distribution. An early use was by the RAF Fighter Command as part of the Dowding system of interception control, while ground-based units were also widely used to collect information for the Admiralty to locate U-boats. Between 1942 and 1944, smaller units became widely available and were common fixtures on Royal Navy ships. It is estimated huff-duff contributed to 24% of all U-boats sunk during the war.The basic concept is also known by several alternate names, including Cathode-Ray Direction Finding (CRDF), Twin Path DF, and for its inventor, Watson-Watt DF or Adcock/Watson-Watt when the antenna is considered.