A method for optimization of plate heat exchanger
... applied to eliminate infeasible and sub-optimal solutions. The method can be also used for enumerating the feasible region of the problem; thus any objective function can be used. Examples showed that the screening method was able to ...
... applied to eliminate infeasible and sub-optimal solutions. The method can be also used for enumerating the feasible region of the problem; thus any objective function can be used. Examples showed that the screening method was able to ...
Energy resources: Geothermal energy
... Although energy from the Earth's interior that flows though the surface is on average very low — about a thousand times less than the solar energy that falls on the surface — it is sufficiently abundant worldwide to make it locally worth exploiting. The top 3 km of the Earth's crust stores an estima ...
... Although energy from the Earth's interior that flows though the surface is on average very low — about a thousand times less than the solar energy that falls on the surface — it is sufficiently abundant worldwide to make it locally worth exploiting. The top 3 km of the Earth's crust stores an estima ...
Heat transfer and air flow in a domestic refrigerator
... (horizontal/vertical, top/bottom of the compartment) determines the location of cold and warm zones. The brewed type is a static refrigerator equipped with a fan (Figure 16.1b). It allows air circulation and the temperature decreases rapidly after door opening. Air temperature is more homogeneous in ...
... (horizontal/vertical, top/bottom of the compartment) determines the location of cold and warm zones. The brewed type is a static refrigerator equipped with a fan (Figure 16.1b). It allows air circulation and the temperature decreases rapidly after door opening. Air temperature is more homogeneous in ...
Geoneutrinos and the energy budget of the Earth
... Balancing the energy budget of the Earth has proved to be a very difficult exercise. The total energy loss of the Earth can be calculated from heat flux measurements on land and from the cooling plate model on the sea floor. This loss has to be balanced against all the heat sources and the secular cool ...
... Balancing the energy budget of the Earth has proved to be a very difficult exercise. The total energy loss of the Earth can be calculated from heat flux measurements on land and from the cooling plate model on the sea floor. This loss has to be balanced against all the heat sources and the secular cool ...
Título del Trabajo a Presentar en el XV Congreso Nacional
... expensive. For existing fans, manufacturer’s performance curves can be used to determine power and pressure rise for a given rotation speed and flow rate so the fan itself need not be explicitly modelled. For example, the fresh air side of the system schematically shown in Fig. 1 may be split into t ...
... expensive. For existing fans, manufacturer’s performance curves can be used to determine power and pressure rise for a given rotation speed and flow rate so the fan itself need not be explicitly modelled. For example, the fresh air side of the system schematically shown in Fig. 1 may be split into t ...
Plate Heat Exchangers for Marine Applications
... industry. With it's unique design and many advantages this type of heat exchanger has now become the standard fuel oil heater on many ships. This heat exchanger works in the same way as an ordinary tubular unit, however, it is more efficient because plates have been used instead of tubes. The plates ...
... industry. With it's unique design and many advantages this type of heat exchanger has now become the standard fuel oil heater on many ships. This heat exchanger works in the same way as an ordinary tubular unit, however, it is more efficient because plates have been used instead of tubes. The plates ...
Lecture (10) - MIT OpenCourseWare
... mirrors heat a liquid to create steam that drives an electricity-generating turbine. As in a fossil fuel power plant, that steam must be condensed back to water and cooled for reuse. Image and text removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/business/ energy- ...
... mirrors heat a liquid to create steam that drives an electricity-generating turbine. As in a fossil fuel power plant, that steam must be condensed back to water and cooled for reuse. Image and text removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/business/ energy- ...
Modelling the hot rolling process using a finite volume
... A finite volume model for the hot rolling process is proposed to determine useful parameters in the hot rolling such as the loads, temperature, stress and strain fields and the microstructure. A non-Newtonian formulation and a Eulerian description are adopted with the finite volume method. The strai ...
... A finite volume model for the hot rolling process is proposed to determine useful parameters in the hot rolling such as the loads, temperature, stress and strain fields and the microstructure. A non-Newtonian formulation and a Eulerian description are adopted with the finite volume method. The strai ...
Thermal properties of rocks at the investigation sites
... Thermal properties (conductivity, specific heat capacity and diffusivity) are necessary parameters needed in planning of a final repository for spent nuclear fuel in deep bedrock. Bedrock temperatures are expected to increase in the immediate vicinity of the repository after the final disposal due t ...
... Thermal properties (conductivity, specific heat capacity and diffusivity) are necessary parameters needed in planning of a final repository for spent nuclear fuel in deep bedrock. Bedrock temperatures are expected to increase in the immediate vicinity of the repository after the final disposal due t ...
GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS Up
... mixture of different gases. The properties of a gas mixture obviously will depend on the properties of the individual gases (called components or constituents) as well as on the amount of each gas in the mixture. Therefore, it is possible to prepare tables of properties for mixtures. This has been d ...
... mixture of different gases. The properties of a gas mixture obviously will depend on the properties of the individual gases (called components or constituents) as well as on the amount of each gas in the mixture. Therefore, it is possible to prepare tables of properties for mixtures. This has been d ...
Effect of ancient Inuit fur parka ruffs on facial heat transfer
... facing step (Fig. 3). The backward-facing step represents the difference in height between the ruff and the face, as the ruff has a certain thickness. The boundary layer, composed of a vortex sheet, separates at the lip of the step, forming a free vortex sheet or shear layer. The vortex sheet rolls ...
... facing step (Fig. 3). The backward-facing step represents the difference in height between the ruff and the face, as the ruff has a certain thickness. The boundary layer, composed of a vortex sheet, separates at the lip of the step, forming a free vortex sheet or shear layer. The vortex sheet rolls ...
FI presentation 8.09.2015
... • Only fluorinated fluids match the low-temperature single-phase DC requirements [6] • Apart from PFC, only 3M Novec fluids – FKs (C6K and C7K) and segregated HFE – are commercially available. HFEs: contain H and have GWP of ~300; FKs: no H, GWP=1 FK: Novec 649/1230 and 774, HFE: Novec 7100, 7200 • ...
... • Only fluorinated fluids match the low-temperature single-phase DC requirements [6] • Apart from PFC, only 3M Novec fluids – FKs (C6K and C7K) and segregated HFE – are commercially available. HFEs: contain H and have GWP of ~300; FKs: no H, GWP=1 FK: Novec 649/1230 and 774, HFE: Novec 7100, 7200 • ...
Energy Pile Performance and Preventing Ground
... applied to the pipe boundaries for the winter period of 2011/2012. To generate lower bound ground temperatures (closer to freezing), the profile was also offset by 4oC so ...
... applied to the pipe boundaries for the winter period of 2011/2012. To generate lower bound ground temperatures (closer to freezing), the profile was also offset by 4oC so ...
EssentialHeatTransfer - University Courses in Electronic Materials
... of heat flow, Q ′, and the temperature difference, ∆T, correspond to the current, Ι, and potential difference, ∆V, respectively. Thermal resistance is the thermal analog of electrical resistance and its thermal circuit representation is shown in Figure 3 (b). It should be remarked that Eq. (3-1) is ...
... of heat flow, Q ′, and the temperature difference, ∆T, correspond to the current, Ι, and potential difference, ∆V, respectively. Thermal resistance is the thermal analog of electrical resistance and its thermal circuit representation is shown in Figure 3 (b). It should be remarked that Eq. (3-1) is ...
Chapter 8 and 9 – Energy Balances
... gases behaving non-ideally, either tables of Û and Ĥ (e.g. like the steam tables) ...
... gases behaving non-ideally, either tables of Û and Ĥ (e.g. like the steam tables) ...
A comparison of laboratory and in situ methods to determine soil
... but tests a large volume of soil. Alternatively, cheaper and quicker laboratory test methods may be applied to smaller soil samples. This paper investigates two different laboratory methods: the steady state thermal cell and the transient needle probe. U100 soil samples were taken during the site in ...
... but tests a large volume of soil. Alternatively, cheaper and quicker laboratory test methods may be applied to smaller soil samples. This paper investigates two different laboratory methods: the steady state thermal cell and the transient needle probe. U100 soil samples were taken during the site in ...
Performance and testing of thermal interface materials
... Incropera & DeWitt (1996) lists two classes of materials that are well suited for the reduction of Rint - thermal greases and soft metals. In addition to these, commercially available TIMs have been developed that make use of phase change materials (PCM), thermally conductive elastomers, and thermal ...
... Incropera & DeWitt (1996) lists two classes of materials that are well suited for the reduction of Rint - thermal greases and soft metals. In addition to these, commercially available TIMs have been developed that make use of phase change materials (PCM), thermally conductive elastomers, and thermal ...
Performance, Reliability, and Approaches Using a Low Melt Alloy as
... components. Low Melt Alloys (LMAs), unlike eutectic solders, are well-suited as a thermal interface between materials of dissimilar Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTEs); however, reliability problems in production implementations, resulting in catastrophic failure, have retarded their adoption. ...
... components. Low Melt Alloys (LMAs), unlike eutectic solders, are well-suited as a thermal interface between materials of dissimilar Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTEs); however, reliability problems in production implementations, resulting in catastrophic failure, have retarded their adoption. ...
The ISOVER Multi-Comfort House – for moderate climate
... with ideal southern exposure can even remain under the maximum annual heating demand of 15 kWh per square meter and year. This value makes other newly built houses look like veritable energy wasters. ...
... with ideal southern exposure can even remain under the maximum annual heating demand of 15 kWh per square meter and year. This value makes other newly built houses look like veritable energy wasters. ...
Mathematical Model of Heat Transfer for Contact Dryer
... from -69 to 199.9°C, ±0.1°C precision. 4) Vicinity temperature – of closed work room was measured by glass mercury thermometers (dry and humid) 0-50°C measurability. 5) Air speed in direct vicinity of the cylinder was measured by anemometer with incandescent wire, type: TA 400, Airflow Developments ...
... from -69 to 199.9°C, ±0.1°C precision. 4) Vicinity temperature – of closed work room was measured by glass mercury thermometers (dry and humid) 0-50°C measurability. 5) Air speed in direct vicinity of the cylinder was measured by anemometer with incandescent wire, type: TA 400, Airflow Developments ...
Rogers Research Group - University of Illinois
... of thin-film diamond with other materials continue to limit its widespread use. Thin-film diamond is most commonly implemented in these systems by directly growing the material on the surfaces of device substrates, where it is used as uniform or lithographically patterned films. This approach places ...
... of thin-film diamond with other materials continue to limit its widespread use. Thin-film diamond is most commonly implemented in these systems by directly growing the material on the surfaces of device substrates, where it is used as uniform or lithographically patterned films. This approach places ...
Aluminum and Stainless Steel Heat Exchangers in - Weil
... Traditional materials used to manufacture boiler heat exchangers were copper and cast iron. Both were readily available and relatively low cost. Cast iron was predominant in Europe until the early 1980s when copper boilers began to take over the European market. In the U.S., cast iron boilers have b ...
... Traditional materials used to manufacture boiler heat exchangers were copper and cast iron. Both were readily available and relatively low cost. Cast iron was predominant in Europe until the early 1980s when copper boilers began to take over the European market. In the U.S., cast iron boilers have b ...
Thermochemistry
... with 2B5H9, you would have to divide the final kJ by 2 to get the amount of heat released when 1 mol of pentaborane reacted with oxygen. ...
... with 2B5H9, you would have to divide the final kJ by 2 to get the amount of heat released when 1 mol of pentaborane reacted with oxygen. ...
module 1
... way it works. Science proposes hypotheses or theories based on observations and need to be validated with carefully performed experiments that use many measurements. When once a theory has been established it may be used to make predictions which may themselves be confirmed by further experiments. M ...
... way it works. Science proposes hypotheses or theories based on observations and need to be validated with carefully performed experiments that use many measurements. When once a theory has been established it may be used to make predictions which may themselves be confirmed by further experiments. M ...