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The operator hierarchy, a chain of closures linking matter, life
The operator hierarchy, a chain of closures linking matter, life

... series of closure steps can now be recognised in the emergence of increasingly complex particles and organisms in the universe. The proton, the atom, the molecule, the cell (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), the multicellular organism and the animal are examples of increasingly complex closed systems. Ev ...
The Growth of Structural and Functional Complexity
The Growth of Structural and Functional Complexity

Offline Evolution of Normative Systems
Offline Evolution of Normative Systems

... tures. Of particular interest is the deontic structureoperator, which for each situation of the system determines an agent’s deontic structure (i.e., the set of permissible acts) on the feasible acts in the current situation, and the preference structure-operator, which for each situation determines ...


... scientific developments in artificial life. People in both communities believe that arts and artificial life have much to offer each other. Given this, it would useful for the two communities to know each other better. a) Goal of Artificial Life Life is interconnected web of adaptive systems produce ...
Debates enrich our understanding of pollination biology
Debates enrich our understanding of pollination biology

... generalization in pollination systems vary across spatial and temporal scales. The chapters are mostly synthetic reviews that attempt comprehensive analyses of plant– pollinator interactions from individual species to the community level, using methods ranging from food-web theory to phylogenetic re ...
A Universal Definition of Life: Autonomy and Open
A Universal Definition of Life: Autonomy and Open

... and explore its own limits (always producing border-line cases, exceptions to the rule, ...). Last century’s impressive advances in molecular biology have revealed a great underlying biochemical unity of all living forms, but it is not clear to what extent this is the result of contingency or of rea ...
A UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF LIFE
A UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF LIFE

... and explore its own limits (always producing border-line cases, exceptions to the rule, ...). Last century’s impressive advances in molecular biology have revealed a great underlying biochemical unity of all living forms, but it is not clear to what extent this is the result of contingency or of rea ...
Glossaries, References - Paradigm Shift International
Glossaries, References - Paradigm Shift International

... behavior of chaotic systems appears to be random, because of an exponential growth of perturbations in the initial conditions. This happens even though these systems are deterministic in the sense that their future dynamics are well defined by their initial conditions, and with no random elements in ...
Big Ideas PPT
Big Ideas PPT

... organization of living systems require free energy and matter. • 2B – Growth, reproduction and dynamic homeostasis require that cells create and maintain internal environments that are different from their external environments. • 2C – Organisms use feedback mechanisms to regulate growth and reprodu ...
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Systems theory

Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems in general, with the goal of discovering patterns and elucidating principles that can be discerned from, and applied to, all types of systems at all nesting levels in all fields of research. Systems theory can reasonably be considered a specialization of systems thinking or as the goal output of systems science and systems engineering, with an emphasis on generality useful across a broad range of systems (versus the particular models of individual fields).A central topic of systems theory is self-regulating systems, i.e. systems self-correcting through feedback. Self-regulating systems are found in nature, including the physiological systems of our body, in local and global ecosystems, and in climate—and in human learning processes (from the individual on up through international organizations like the UN).
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