New energy and helicity bounds for knotted and braided magnetic
... Lki and Lkij are two topological invariants of the link type. Lki measures the degree of internal linking of the B-lines within each tubular component, that is, between the B-lines of Li and the knot axis Ci, while Lkij measures the external linking between pairs of link components, that is between ...
... Lki and Lkij are two topological invariants of the link type. Lki measures the degree of internal linking of the B-lines within each tubular component, that is, between the B-lines of Li and the knot axis Ci, while Lkij measures the external linking between pairs of link components, that is between ...
Inertial fusion advance towards ignition
... high-intense laser (PW-1015w) system can provide intensities 1018-21w/cm2 for each beam. Interaction of the petawatt (PW) laser with matter may accelerate charged particles (electrons, protons and heavy ions) to kinetic energy over GeV. The acceleration of high-energy charged particle beam generated ...
... high-intense laser (PW-1015w) system can provide intensities 1018-21w/cm2 for each beam. Interaction of the petawatt (PW) laser with matter may accelerate charged particles (electrons, protons and heavy ions) to kinetic energy over GeV. The acceleration of high-energy charged particle beam generated ...
On the electron-ion temperature ratio established by - Hal-CEA
... Astrophysical shocks are often collisionless shocks, in which the changes in plasma flow and temperatures across the shock are established not through Coulomb interactions, but through electric and magnetic fields. An open question about collisionless shocks is whether electrons and ions each establ ...
... Astrophysical shocks are often collisionless shocks, in which the changes in plasma flow and temperatures across the shock are established not through Coulomb interactions, but through electric and magnetic fields. An open question about collisionless shocks is whether electrons and ions each establ ...
Twisting and Writhing with George Ellery Hale
... The constraint that fluxes in each individual domain do not change causes currents to build along separators: Physics: The separator currents follow from Faraday's Law & Ohm's Law in the presence of moving magnetic point changes -> separator energy and helicity. When flare reconnection occurs, these ...
... The constraint that fluxes in each individual domain do not change causes currents to build along separators: Physics: The separator currents follow from Faraday's Law & Ohm's Law in the presence of moving magnetic point changes -> separator energy and helicity. When flare reconnection occurs, these ...
ASR201017 - UCLA IGPP
... interact with the regions of weak magnetic field near the reconnection regions they can be transported across magnetic field lines and energized by the electric field. The most energetic particles move along field lines at high velocities away from the magnetosphere, while the lower energy ones ente ...
... interact with the regions of weak magnetic field near the reconnection regions they can be transported across magnetic field lines and energized by the electric field. The most energetic particles move along field lines at high velocities away from the magnetosphere, while the lower energy ones ente ...
Nanocrystalline silicon prepared at high growth rate using helium
... By extrapolating the straight portion of the Tauc’s plot to α = 0 at the onset of optical absorption (as shown by the inset of figure 1), the optical gap (Eg) of the samples was estimated and that shows its gradual widening, as presented in table 1. Systematic reduction in α and simultaneous widenin ...
... By extrapolating the straight portion of the Tauc’s plot to α = 0 at the onset of optical absorption (as shown by the inset of figure 1), the optical gap (Eg) of the samples was estimated and that shows its gradual widening, as presented in table 1. Systematic reduction in α and simultaneous widenin ...
Core Collapse Supernovae and Neutron Star Kicks, a Primer David
... asymmetry are Hydrodynamically driven kicks and Neutrino-magnetic field driven kicks. Conversely, the kick could come as a push after the neutron star is formed since pulsars are observed to emit in a preferred direction. This method is referred to as the Electromagnetic rocket. Hydrodynamically dri ...
... asymmetry are Hydrodynamically driven kicks and Neutrino-magnetic field driven kicks. Conversely, the kick could come as a push after the neutron star is formed since pulsars are observed to emit in a preferred direction. This method is referred to as the Electromagnetic rocket. Hydrodynamically dri ...
hessdalen a perfect “natural battery”
... • What is the nature of the forces confining these charges? • How can these ALP move so fast inside the valley? • Where does the energy that generates the light phenomena come from? Several hypotheses have been formulated to answer such questions, some of them reaching the border line of science as ...
... • What is the nature of the forces confining these charges? • How can these ALP move so fast inside the valley? • Where does the energy that generates the light phenomena come from? Several hypotheses have been formulated to answer such questions, some of them reaching the border line of science as ...
the magnetic field reversal as a to a mechanism of the origin
... therefore, ""'"40'. Considering the averaged out values for the thickness of the layer and of the z distance of the spiral arm, the agreement between the two values of E is rather satisfactory. Extrapolation ol' these results to other galaxies would lead us to expect that in some galaxies spiral arm ...
... therefore, ""'"40'. Considering the averaged out values for the thickness of the layer and of the z distance of the spiral arm, the agreement between the two values of E is rather satisfactory. Extrapolation ol' these results to other galaxies would lead us to expect that in some galaxies spiral arm ...
Abstract: - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
... tension was no longer balanced by the centrifugal force that had been exerted by the rotating cold ...
... tension was no longer balanced by the centrifugal force that had been exerted by the rotating cold ...
Solar chromospheric flares: energy release, transport and radiation
... The majority of flare energy release takes place during the first few minutes of a flare, in the impulsive phase. Later on, particularly in so-called long duration events (LDEs) when the field has simplified into a clear arcade or cusp structure, there is evidence from the anomalously long-lived hot ...
... The majority of flare energy release takes place during the first few minutes of a flare, in the impulsive phase. Later on, particularly in so-called long duration events (LDEs) when the field has simplified into a clear arcade or cusp structure, there is evidence from the anomalously long-lived hot ...
GRA VIT A TIONAL
... of an isothermal one for low density as p = c2s for < crit and a harder one for high density as p = p(crit )(=crit )0 for > crit . We take crit = 108 s = 1010 cm03 (s =100cm03 ) and 0 = 5=3. By virtue of this assumption we can follow further evolution. Figure 4a shows the structure cap ...
... of an isothermal one for low density as p = c2s for < crit and a harder one for high density as p = p(crit )(=crit )0 for > crit . We take crit = 108 s = 1010 cm03 (s =100cm03 ) and 0 = 5=3. By virtue of this assumption we can follow further evolution. Figure 4a shows the structure cap ...
effects - INFN-LNF
... on static and homogeneous magnetic fields the absorption coefficient is much larger than in QED for typical masses m~10-3 eV, L~106 GeV, and B~O(T) large areas of the parameter space could be tested by optical Laser experiments, with B=1-10 T ...
... on static and homogeneous magnetic fields the absorption coefficient is much larger than in QED for typical masses m~10-3 eV, L~106 GeV, and B~O(T) large areas of the parameter space could be tested by optical Laser experiments, with B=1-10 T ...
Coronal activity from dynamos in astrophysical
... helicity in MHD turbulence, that the a effect conserves magnetic helicity A ´ B d3 x; by pumping a positive (negative) amount to scales .L (the outer scale of the turbulence) and pumping a negative (positive) amount to scales !L, where it is subject to Ohmic Å of Steenbeck et al. (1966). Thus, ...
... helicity in MHD turbulence, that the a effect conserves magnetic helicity A ´ B d3 x; by pumping a positive (negative) amount to scales .L (the outer scale of the turbulence) and pumping a negative (positive) amount to scales !L, where it is subject to Ohmic Å of Steenbeck et al. (1966). Thus, ...
Acceleration and radiation of ultra
... 2003; Pfrommer et al. 2006). In a recent paper we performed detailed calculations of diffusive shock acceleration of electrons in galaxy clusters (Vannoni et al. 2009). Electrons can be accelerated up to 100 TeV at cluster accretion shocks, with synchrotron X-ray and IC gamma-ray radiation components ...
... 2003; Pfrommer et al. 2006). In a recent paper we performed detailed calculations of diffusive shock acceleration of electrons in galaxy clusters (Vannoni et al. 2009). Electrons can be accelerated up to 100 TeV at cluster accretion shocks, with synchrotron X-ray and IC gamma-ray radiation components ...
Molecules in Intense Laser Fields
... transfer of photon momentum to both the ionized electron and the parent ion [14]. In the case of one photon ionization, such an effect was used in astrophysics to explain the presence of certain ions at the surface of stars[15]. In strong fields, multiphoton absorption can result in large momentum t ...
... transfer of photon momentum to both the ionized electron and the parent ion [14]. In the case of one photon ionization, such an effect was used in astrophysics to explain the presence of certain ions at the surface of stars[15]. In strong fields, multiphoton absorption can result in large momentum t ...
Electron/proton separation and analysis techniques used in the AMS
... to the X and Y axes (five and four superlayers, respectively) allows the ECAL to reconstruct the 3D development of the shower. The energy resolution of ECAL is obtained from beam tests of the complete AMS-02 detector andpis parametrized as a function of energy σ(E)/E = (0.104)2 /E(GeV) + (0.014)2 . ...
... to the X and Y axes (five and four superlayers, respectively) allows the ECAL to reconstruct the 3D development of the shower. The energy resolution of ECAL is obtained from beam tests of the complete AMS-02 detector andpis parametrized as a function of energy σ(E)/E = (0.104)2 /E(GeV) + (0.014)2 . ...
Polarization radiation from the accretion disk and
... bremsstrahlung, cyclotron and synchrotron radiation. In these cases the acceleration of the electron is just produced either by the collision or by the Lorentz force due to the magnetic field. ...
... bremsstrahlung, cyclotron and synchrotron radiation. In these cases the acceleration of the electron is just produced either by the collision or by the Lorentz force due to the magnetic field. ...
Observation of the Bastille day flare on 2000 July 14
... arcade, the distance between ribbons would become wider and wider. Why the magnetic reconnection could explain the problem of particles accelerating? According to Faraday’s Law, the magnetic arcade which has changing magnetic flux would form an electric current called reconnection current sheet tha ...
... arcade, the distance between ribbons would become wider and wider. Why the magnetic reconnection could explain the problem of particles accelerating? According to Faraday’s Law, the magnetic arcade which has changing magnetic flux would form an electric current called reconnection current sheet tha ...
talk-tutorial - Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager
... shapes of Ω-loops. The asymmetric shapes result from the Coriolis force. The morphological asymmetry (the leading side being more compact than following side) of active regions may be explained by a field strength asymmetry in emerging Ω-loops, driven indirectly by Coriolis forces The observed helic ...
... shapes of Ω-loops. The asymmetric shapes result from the Coriolis force. The morphological asymmetry (the leading side being more compact than following side) of active regions may be explained by a field strength asymmetry in emerging Ω-loops, driven indirectly by Coriolis forces The observed helic ...
mats project at fair
... Ion traps occupy a weighty place among methods of modern physics experiments. These traps make it possible to study the problems of physics in a wide range: from the cosmological scale to atomic and nuclear dimensions and from astrophysics to nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics, working with part ...
... Ion traps occupy a weighty place among methods of modern physics experiments. These traps make it possible to study the problems of physics in a wide range: from the cosmological scale to atomic and nuclear dimensions and from astrophysics to nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics, working with part ...
Diffusion of cosmic rays at EeV energies in
... The interpretation of the region between the second knee and the ankle is particularly fuzzy. From the theoretical point of view it is difficult to accelerate galactic cosmic rays up to 1018 eV through standard shock acceleration mechanisms. On the other hand, if the second knee marks the end of the ...
... The interpretation of the region between the second knee and the ankle is particularly fuzzy. From the theoretical point of view it is difficult to accelerate galactic cosmic rays up to 1018 eV through standard shock acceleration mechanisms. On the other hand, if the second knee marks the end of the ...
Lecture 2, the physics of atoms in magnetic fields
... For field transverse to line of sight, ΔmJ = 0 (π) components in an emission line source are polarised linearly, parallel to field lines, while ΔmJ = -1 or +1 (σ) components are perpendicular to field For field parallel to the line of sight, ΔmJ = 0 components vanish, while the ΔmJ = -1 or +1 ...
... For field transverse to line of sight, ΔmJ = 0 (π) components in an emission line source are polarised linearly, parallel to field lines, while ΔmJ = -1 or +1 (σ) components are perpendicular to field For field parallel to the line of sight, ΔmJ = 0 components vanish, while the ΔmJ = -1 or +1 ...
More detailed notes
... Therefore the principal outcome of BBN is to incorporate practically all the free neutrons into 4He. Since there are about 7 protons for every neutron at this time, this gives one helium nucleus for every 12 hydrogen nuclei, or about 25% 4He by mass. All present-day deuterium, and about 90% of prese ...
... Therefore the principal outcome of BBN is to incorporate practically all the free neutrons into 4He. Since there are about 7 protons for every neutron at this time, this gives one helium nucleus for every 12 hydrogen nuclei, or about 25% 4He by mass. All present-day deuterium, and about 90% of prese ...
Non-variable cosmologically distant gamma
... to the acceleration site of UHE protons. Note that the considerable contribution to the high-energy electrons is provided by the gamma rays produced in decay of mesons. The interaction of these gamma rays with cosmic radio background radiation occurs in the regime when most of the energy goes to one ...
... to the acceleration site of UHE protons. Note that the considerable contribution to the high-energy electrons is provided by the gamma rays produced in decay of mesons. The interaction of these gamma rays with cosmic radio background radiation occurs in the regime when most of the energy goes to one ...
Polywell
The polywell is a type of nuclear fusion reactor that uses an electric field to heat ions to fusion conditions. It is closely related to the magnetic mirror, the fusor, the biconic cusp and the high beta fusion reactor. A set of electromagnets generates a magnetic field which traps electrons. This creates a negative voltage, which attracts positive ions. As the ions accelerate towards the negative center, their kinetic energy rises. If the ions collide in the center, they can fuse.The polywell is one of many devices that use an electric field to heat ions to fusion conditions. This branch of fusion research is known as inertial electrostatic confinement. The polywell was developed by Robert Bussard, as an improvement over the fusor. His company, EMC2, Inc., developed the initial devices for the U.S. Navy.