Electric Field Driven Torque in ATP Synthase Miller, J.H., Jr
... expected to lie in the range 34-57 kJ/mol (0.35-0.59 eV/molecule) for ATP/ADP ratios ranging from 10-1 to 103 [30]. The ATP/ADP ratio is likely close to one within the catalytically active portion of the F 1 complex. Equating ∆G, depicted in bottom plot of Fig. 4(a), to release ATP from its catalyti ...
... expected to lie in the range 34-57 kJ/mol (0.35-0.59 eV/molecule) for ATP/ADP ratios ranging from 10-1 to 103 [30]. The ATP/ADP ratio is likely close to one within the catalytically active portion of the F 1 complex. Equating ∆G, depicted in bottom plot of Fig. 4(a), to release ATP from its catalyti ...
f) Organizing the Elements Metals Nonmetals and
... Figuring out what atoms are made of hasn't been easy. Theories about their shape and structure have changed many times and continue to be improved even now. Until about 100 years ago, scientists thought atoms were the smallest particles of matter. Now, scientists know more. Atoms are made of even sm ...
... Figuring out what atoms are made of hasn't been easy. Theories about their shape and structure have changed many times and continue to be improved even now. Until about 100 years ago, scientists thought atoms were the smallest particles of matter. Now, scientists know more. Atoms are made of even sm ...
Matter in strong magnetic fields - the Max Planck Institute for the
... The properties of matter are drastically modified by strong magnetic fields, BⰇm e2 e 3 c/ប 3 ⫽2.35 ⫻109 G ( 1 G⫽10⫺4 T) , as are typically found on the surfaces of neutron stars. In such strong magnetic fields, the Coulomb force on an electron acts as a small perturbation compared to the magnetic f ...
... The properties of matter are drastically modified by strong magnetic fields, BⰇm e2 e 3 c/ប 3 ⫽2.35 ⫻109 G ( 1 G⫽10⫺4 T) , as are typically found on the surfaces of neutron stars. In such strong magnetic fields, the Coulomb force on an electron acts as a small perturbation compared to the magnetic f ...
Gamma-ray burst investigation via polarimetry and spectroscopy
... is produced by the explosion of massive stars, while short-duration GRBs likely originate during the merging of compact objects. Both types are intense neutrino sources, and being stellar sized objects at cosmological scales, they connect different branches of research and thus have a broad impact o ...
... is produced by the explosion of massive stars, while short-duration GRBs likely originate during the merging of compact objects. Both types are intense neutrino sources, and being stellar sized objects at cosmological scales, they connect different branches of research and thus have a broad impact o ...
L29 DISCOVERY OF A 500 PARSEC SHELL IN THE NUCLEUS OF
... Here we follow the procedure previously carried out by Bland-Hawthorn & Cohen (2003) for estimating the mass in the shell at the Galactic center. We estimate the column depth of the front of the shell from the surface brightness of the limbbrightened edge. The contrast between the peak surface brigh ...
... Here we follow the procedure previously carried out by Bland-Hawthorn & Cohen (2003) for estimating the mass in the shell at the Galactic center. We estimate the column depth of the front of the shell from the surface brightness of the limbbrightened edge. The contrast between the peak surface brigh ...
Magnetic collapse of a neutron gas: Can magnetars
... uum field contribution ΩV , which is divergent. In the process of regularization, it absorbs the classical field energy density term B 2 /8π. We observe here that Landau, on p. 69 of [16], uses the specific term thermodynamic potential, denoted by Φ in that reference, to denote what in western literatu ...
... uum field contribution ΩV , which is divergent. In the process of regularization, it absorbs the classical field energy density term B 2 /8π. We observe here that Landau, on p. 69 of [16], uses the specific term thermodynamic potential, denoted by Φ in that reference, to denote what in western literatu ...
galactic cosmic radiation and solar energetic particles
... intensity is reached around a few hundred MeV/nucleon. Below the maximum, the differential intensity decreases monotonically to a few tens of MeV/nucleon. The primary cosmic radiation spectrum observed for protons and alpha particles in the inner heliosphere around the earth's orbit is shown in Figu ...
... intensity is reached around a few hundred MeV/nucleon. Below the maximum, the differential intensity decreases monotonically to a few tens of MeV/nucleon. The primary cosmic radiation spectrum observed for protons and alpha particles in the inner heliosphere around the earth's orbit is shown in Figu ...
Millisecond Pulsars in X-Ray Binaries - CIERA
... against detecting oscillations as fast as 2 kHz. The spin frequencies (see Table 1) of the 13 known nuclear-powered millisecond pulsars are plotted in Figure 4. (The three non-bursting, accretion-powered millisecond pulsars are omitted to keep the sample unbiased.) The spins are consistent with a un ...
... against detecting oscillations as fast as 2 kHz. The spin frequencies (see Table 1) of the 13 known nuclear-powered millisecond pulsars are plotted in Figure 4. (The three non-bursting, accretion-powered millisecond pulsars are omitted to keep the sample unbiased.) The spins are consistent with a un ...
GRB 130603B: No Compelling Evidence for Neutron Star Merger
... They can be produced also in a phase transition/collapse of single compact stars (neutron star, strange star, or quark star) to a more compact object due to cooling, loss of angular momentum, or mass accretion. The X-ray afterglow that was measured with the Swift XRT and Newton XMM has the expected ...
... They can be produced also in a phase transition/collapse of single compact stars (neutron star, strange star, or quark star) to a more compact object due to cooling, loss of angular momentum, or mass accretion. The X-ray afterglow that was measured with the Swift XRT and Newton XMM has the expected ...
talk
... • Efficiency is expected to be more than two orders of magnitude better than current Li foil detectors (~10-7) • Gaseous media • GEM multiplication • Scintillation read by CCD ...
... • Efficiency is expected to be more than two orders of magnitude better than current Li foil detectors (~10-7) • Gaseous media • GEM multiplication • Scintillation read by CCD ...
FINAL STAGES OF MASSIVE STARS. SN EXPLOSION AND
... Explosion Mechanism Still Uncertain The explosive nucleosynthesis calculations for core collapse supernovae are still based on explosions induced by injecting an arbitrary amount of energy in a (also arbitrary) mass location of the presupernova model and then following the development of the blast w ...
... Explosion Mechanism Still Uncertain The explosive nucleosynthesis calculations for core collapse supernovae are still based on explosions induced by injecting an arbitrary amount of energy in a (also arbitrary) mass location of the presupernova model and then following the development of the blast w ...
"The Pulsar Menagerie" (pdf file)
... Imagine floating in the middle of a large lake, where you can’t quite see the shore. If people throw big rocks into the water, you’ll feel a riot of ripples. With the right tools, you might be able to tell how many rocks splashed in—and how big they were. In space, the “rocks” are binary pairs of gi ...
... Imagine floating in the middle of a large lake, where you can’t quite see the shore. If people throw big rocks into the water, you’ll feel a riot of ripples. With the right tools, you might be able to tell how many rocks splashed in—and how big they were. In space, the “rocks” are binary pairs of gi ...
Word - The Open University
... What is the average recession speed of one of the objects referred to above, as measured from the other object, (a) when the Universe is between 1 s and 100 s old and (b) when it is between 100 s and 104 s old? View answer - Worked example 1 So even though distances between objects increase by the s ...
... What is the average recession speed of one of the objects referred to above, as measured from the other object, (a) when the Universe is between 1 s and 100 s old and (b) when it is between 100 s and 104 s old? View answer - Worked example 1 So even though distances between objects increase by the s ...
Paper 3 (pdf)
... spectra and polarization that can be tested with soft X-ray polarimetry. Measuring the polarization of the radiation from magnetars in the X-ray band will not only verify the strength of their magnetic fields, but also can provide an estimate of their radius and distance and provide the first demons ...
... spectra and polarization that can be tested with soft X-ray polarimetry. Measuring the polarization of the radiation from magnetars in the X-ray band will not only verify the strength of their magnetic fields, but also can provide an estimate of their radius and distance and provide the first demons ...
Matter and antimatter in the same universe?
... In this paper we try to summarize the situation of such efforts to put in evidence, as far as we can, what has been done and what has to be done. The Dirac theory, and the successive generalizations, states that not only antiparticles exist, but also that they are created following the same rules of ...
... In this paper we try to summarize the situation of such efforts to put in evidence, as far as we can, what has been done and what has to be done. The Dirac theory, and the successive generalizations, states that not only antiparticles exist, but also that they are created following the same rules of ...
Nuclear drip line
In nuclear physics, the boundaries for nuclear particle-stability are called drip lines. Atomic nuclei contain both protons and neutrons—the number of protons defines the identity of that element (ie, carbon always has 6 protons), but the number of neutrons within that element may vary (carbon-12 and its isotope carbon-13, for example). The number of isotopes each element may have is visually represented by plotting boxes, each of which represents a unique nuclear species, on a graph with the number of neutrons increasing on the abscissa (X axis) and number of protons increasing along the ordinate (Y axis). The resulting chart is commonly referred to as the table of nuclides, and is to nuclear physics what the periodic table of the elements is to chemistry.An arbitrary combination of protons and neutrons does not necessarily yield a stable nucleus. One can think of moving up and/or to the right across the nuclear chart by adding one type of nucleon (i.e. a proton or neutron, both called nucleons) to a given nucleus. However, adding nucleons one at a time to a given nucleus will eventually lead to a newly formed nucleus that immediately decays by emitting a proton (or neutron). Colloquially speaking, the nucleon has 'leaked' or 'dripped' out of the nucleus, hence giving rise to the term ""drip line"". Drip lines are defined for protons, neutrons, and alpha particles, and these all play important roles in nuclear physics. The nucleon drip lines are at the extreme of the proton-to-neutron ratio: at p:n ratios at or beyond the driplines, no stable nuclei can exist. The location of the neutron drip line is not well known for most of the nuclear chart, whereas the proton and alpha driplines have been measured for a wide range of elements. The nucleons drip out of such unstable nuclei for the same reason that water drips from a leaking faucet: in the water case, there is a lower potential available that is great enough to overcome surface tension and so produces a droplet; in the case of nuclei, the emission of a particle from a nucleus, against the strong nuclear force, leaves the total potential of the nucleus and the emitted particle in a lower state. Because nucleons are quantized, only integer values are plotted on the table of isotopes; this indicates that the drip line is not linear but instead looks like a step function up close.