Okami Study Guide
... Evolutionary psychologists propose that in most respects men and women have faced the same evolutionary pressures over the millennia, and should be expected to have the same psychological adaptations as a result. However, in the areas of sexuality, reproduction, and physical aggression men and women ...
... Evolutionary psychologists propose that in most respects men and women have faced the same evolutionary pressures over the millennia, and should be expected to have the same psychological adaptations as a result. However, in the areas of sexuality, reproduction, and physical aggression men and women ...
Incipient ring speciation revealed by a migratory divide
... Ever since Ernst Mayr (1942) called ring species the ‘perfect demonstration of speciation’, they have attracted much interest from researchers examining how two species evolve from one. In a ring species, two sympatric and reproductively isolated forms are connected by a long chain of intermediate p ...
... Ever since Ernst Mayr (1942) called ring species the ‘perfect demonstration of speciation’, they have attracted much interest from researchers examining how two species evolve from one. In a ring species, two sympatric and reproductively isolated forms are connected by a long chain of intermediate p ...
Hitchhiking to Speciation
... spread to fixation in Copperopolis, hybrid lethality hitchhiked to high frequency along with it [20]. But with 2n = 28 chromosomes, the odds that copper tolerance and hybrid lethality alleles happen to be linked would seem vanishingly small [20]. In this issue, Wright and colleagues [21] revisit thi ...
... spread to fixation in Copperopolis, hybrid lethality hitchhiked to high frequency along with it [20]. But with 2n = 28 chromosomes, the odds that copper tolerance and hybrid lethality alleles happen to be linked would seem vanishingly small [20]. In this issue, Wright and colleagues [21] revisit thi ...
Amphibians
... insufficient data to determine their threat status. •As many as 159 amphibian species may already be extinct. At least 38 amphibian species are known to be Extinct; one is Extinct in the Wild; while at least another 120 species have not been found in recent years and are possibly extinct. •At least ...
... insufficient data to determine their threat status. •As many as 159 amphibian species may already be extinct. At least 38 amphibian species are known to be Extinct; one is Extinct in the Wild; while at least another 120 species have not been found in recent years and are possibly extinct. •At least ...
1) The Smallest Unit of Evolution
... 19) Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, cont. • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a population (gene pool) in which random mating occurs, therefore allele frequencies do not change • If p and q represent the relative frequencies of the only two possible alleles in a population at a particular locus, the ...
... 19) Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, cont. • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a population (gene pool) in which random mating occurs, therefore allele frequencies do not change • If p and q represent the relative frequencies of the only two possible alleles in a population at a particular locus, the ...
variation
... By the end of this unit you should know…. The differences between individuals in a population is called variation Each way that individuals in a population vary is called a characteristic. The particular version of a characteristic seen in an individual is described as their phenotype. Chara ...
... By the end of this unit you should know…. The differences between individuals in a population is called variation Each way that individuals in a population vary is called a characteristic. The particular version of a characteristic seen in an individual is described as their phenotype. Chara ...
LLog4 - CH 4
... Darwin’s “The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex” presented the importance of sexual selection. He conducted studies with bird plumage patterns to see how female mating preferences could lead to the evolution of elaborate patterns in males. Human observation is flawed though, since we ...
... Darwin’s “The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex” presented the importance of sexual selection. He conducted studies with bird plumage patterns to see how female mating preferences could lead to the evolution of elaborate patterns in males. Human observation is flawed though, since we ...
How do populations change over time?
... 1. The individuals that make up a population are not all identical. (variation) 2. At least some of this variation can be inherited. (heritability) 3. Some of those heritable traits will allow individuals to reproduce more than others that do not possess those traits. (reproductive consequences) ...
... 1. The individuals that make up a population are not all identical. (variation) 2. At least some of this variation can be inherited. (heritability) 3. Some of those heritable traits will allow individuals to reproduce more than others that do not possess those traits. (reproductive consequences) ...
Natural selection
... At the time of his discovery, selective breeding was common with domesticated breeds of animals. Darwin noticed similarities between the selective breeding of domestic plants and animals and the different varieties of finches that he found. The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals t ...
... At the time of his discovery, selective breeding was common with domesticated breeds of animals. Darwin noticed similarities between the selective breeding of domestic plants and animals and the different varieties of finches that he found. The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals t ...
Foundations of Biology
... Variation & Speciation Variation also allows sexually reproducing organisms to adapt to a changing environment. The mechanism of mutation in DNA generates variation with natural selection of individuals in populations to produce new species. ...
... Variation & Speciation Variation also allows sexually reproducing organisms to adapt to a changing environment. The mechanism of mutation in DNA generates variation with natural selection of individuals in populations to produce new species. ...
evolutionary pathways?
... – maxcpx gives the largest complexity of any entity at time t – The complexity of an entity is the least number of hierarchically organized computing levels needed to construct an automata model of a target system – Krohn-Rhodes algebraic automata theory and finite semigroup ...
... – maxcpx gives the largest complexity of any entity at time t – The complexity of an entity is the least number of hierarchically organized computing levels needed to construct an automata model of a target system – Krohn-Rhodes algebraic automata theory and finite semigroup ...
From Restriction Maps to Cladograms
... Below are restriction maps for a segment of DNA common to a number of mammals including humans: the genes which code for hemoglobin. 1.Compare the restriction map for each species to the human map. Make a mark on the map for each difference. A difference is the addition or subtraction of a restricti ...
... Below are restriction maps for a segment of DNA common to a number of mammals including humans: the genes which code for hemoglobin. 1.Compare the restriction map for each species to the human map. Make a mark on the map for each difference. A difference is the addition or subtraction of a restricti ...
Darwin PowerPoint Notes
... were ________________ for the type of food they ate. Darwin hypothesized that an _____________ species of finch from the mainland somehow ended up on the Galapagos Islands. The finches of that species scattered to different environments. There, they had to adapt to different conditions. Over many ge ...
... were ________________ for the type of food they ate. Darwin hypothesized that an _____________ species of finch from the mainland somehow ended up on the Galapagos Islands. The finches of that species scattered to different environments. There, they had to adapt to different conditions. Over many ge ...
Darwin`s Explanation: Natural Selection
... survive, reproduce, & pass on genes (“survival of fittest”) • more offspring have favorable adaptation than before ...
... survive, reproduce, & pass on genes (“survival of fittest”) • more offspring have favorable adaptation than before ...
PPT Version - OMICS International
... About Genetic Algorithms • GA begins with a set of solutions (represented by chromosomes) called population. Solutions from one population are selected according to their fitness, and form new solutions (offspring) by using genetic operators (crossover, mutation). This is motivated by a hope, that ...
... About Genetic Algorithms • GA begins with a set of solutions (represented by chromosomes) called population. Solutions from one population are selected according to their fitness, and form new solutions (offspring) by using genetic operators (crossover, mutation). This is motivated by a hope, that ...
Natural selection articles for high school
... Natural selection moderates the disorganizing effects of these processes because it multiplies the incidence of beneficial mutations over the generations and. The theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history, drastically changing our perception of the world and o ...
... Natural selection moderates the disorganizing effects of these processes because it multiplies the incidence of beneficial mutations over the generations and. The theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history, drastically changing our perception of the world and o ...
Principles of Life
... webbed region between the developing toes of a chicken, what would be the result? ...
... webbed region between the developing toes of a chicken, what would be the result? ...
Survival of the Sickest
... Darwin received his first inklings of the theory of evolution, two scientists, Peter and Rosemary Grant, have spent twenty years proving the Darwin did not know the strength of his own theory. For among the finches of Daphne Major, natural selection in neither rare nor slow: it is taking place by th ...
... Darwin received his first inklings of the theory of evolution, two scientists, Peter and Rosemary Grant, have spent twenty years proving the Darwin did not know the strength of his own theory. For among the finches of Daphne Major, natural selection in neither rare nor slow: it is taking place by th ...
Warmup: January 27, 2014
... Facts about Viruses and Bacteria (Venn Diagram) http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections • Bacteria are relatively complex, single-celled creatures with a rigid wall and a thin, rubbery membrane surrounding the fluid inside the cell. They can reproduce on their own. Fossili ...
... Facts about Viruses and Bacteria (Venn Diagram) http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections • Bacteria are relatively complex, single-celled creatures with a rigid wall and a thin, rubbery membrane surrounding the fluid inside the cell. They can reproduce on their own. Fossili ...
The GC-content is very variable in different geneome regions
... ‘hourglass distribution’) we can make an appoximation taking into account a mutation rate of 10-6 (as the polymerase error rate is) [22]. ...
... ‘hourglass distribution’) we can make an appoximation taking into account a mutation rate of 10-6 (as the polymerase error rate is) [22]. ...
to see the paper as an MS Word file
... between distinctive, geographically adjacent biological populations must reflect the influence of external factors, such as differential selection or a barrier to dispersal [Endler 1977]. Therefore, empirical observations of such boundaries are usually taken as evidence of a previous period of geogr ...
... between distinctive, geographically adjacent biological populations must reflect the influence of external factors, such as differential selection or a barrier to dispersal [Endler 1977]. Therefore, empirical observations of such boundaries are usually taken as evidence of a previous period of geogr ...
Behavioral Neuroscience
... A change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations. A mechanism by which genetically influenced characteristics of a population may change. Changes may occur due to mutations or errors occurring during copying of original DNA sequence. Changes may occur due to natural selection. ...
... A change in gene frequencies within a population over many generations. A mechanism by which genetically influenced characteristics of a population may change. Changes may occur due to mutations or errors occurring during copying of original DNA sequence. Changes may occur due to natural selection. ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.