Dynamic effects of aseismic ridge subduction: numerical modelling
... production associated with flat slabs that may explain gaps in recent active volcanism at low-angle subduction margins. Lowering of magmatic rock production is caused by the absence of a hot mantle wedge above the flat slabs and does not directly depend on the mechanism responsible for the triggerin ...
... production associated with flat slabs that may explain gaps in recent active volcanism at low-angle subduction margins. Lowering of magmatic rock production is caused by the absence of a hot mantle wedge above the flat slabs and does not directly depend on the mechanism responsible for the triggerin ...
Text
... Seamounts – individual volcanoes on the ocean floor, they are distinct from the plate boundary volcanic system of the mid-ocean ridges because seamounts tend to by circular or conical (NOAA). Seamounts vary in size and those that breach the ocean’s surface are called oceanic islands, an example of t ...
... Seamounts – individual volcanoes on the ocean floor, they are distinct from the plate boundary volcanic system of the mid-ocean ridges because seamounts tend to by circular or conical (NOAA). Seamounts vary in size and those that breach the ocean’s surface are called oceanic islands, an example of t ...
Sverdrup Study Guide Ch02 PDF
... spreading out under its base and cooling. As it cools, it increases in density and sinks once more to complete a cycle called a mantle convection cell. - There are two proposed models of mantle convection: a. whole-mantle convection in which large convection cells cycle material from the core-mantle ...
... spreading out under its base and cooling. As it cools, it increases in density and sinks once more to complete a cycle called a mantle convection cell. - There are two proposed models of mantle convection: a. whole-mantle convection in which large convection cells cycle material from the core-mantle ...
Structured and Essay Questions
... He studied the age of rocks in the Atlantic Ocean and discovered that they were youngest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. His theory proposed that new crust is forming at mid-ocean ridges but old crust is being destroyed at other plate boundaries thus causing plate movement. In 1968 the two theories were ...
... He studied the age of rocks in the Atlantic Ocean and discovered that they were youngest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. His theory proposed that new crust is forming at mid-ocean ridges but old crust is being destroyed at other plate boundaries thus causing plate movement. In 1968 the two theories were ...
Lab 2 - Plate TectonicsOct.2014
... crust and the upper mantle. The lithosphere is approximately 70 km thick under the oceans and perhaps 100-150 km thick under the continents. The lithosphere overlies the plastic asthenosphere. Oceanic lithosphere forms at ocean ridges from rising molten rock; it descends back into the asthenosphere ...
... crust and the upper mantle. The lithosphere is approximately 70 km thick under the oceans and perhaps 100-150 km thick under the continents. The lithosphere overlies the plastic asthenosphere. Oceanic lithosphere forms at ocean ridges from rising molten rock; it descends back into the asthenosphere ...
plates
... In the 1960s, scientists developed a new theory that combined continental drift and seafloor spreading. According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, Earth’s crust and part of the upper mantel are broken into sections. These sections, called plates, move on a plastic-like layer of the mantle. The plat ...
... In the 1960s, scientists developed a new theory that combined continental drift and seafloor spreading. According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, Earth’s crust and part of the upper mantel are broken into sections. These sections, called plates, move on a plastic-like layer of the mantle. The plat ...
Sample
... c. It takes about 80 million years for the temperature of oceanic lithosphere to stabilize and contraction to cease 2. As the plate moves away from the ridge, cooling of the underling asthenosphere causes it to become increasingly more rigid a. Oceanic lithosphere is generated by cooling of the asth ...
... c. It takes about 80 million years for the temperature of oceanic lithosphere to stabilize and contraction to cease 2. As the plate moves away from the ridge, cooling of the underling asthenosphere causes it to become increasingly more rigid a. Oceanic lithosphere is generated by cooling of the asth ...
Grade 4 NGSS Science Plate Tectonics 4 ES 2.1
... In another section of your plate, we are going to see what happens when a graham cracker, or the oceanic plate, meets a rice cake, or the continental plate. Have a volunteer pass out ½ rice cake & ½ graham cracker square. Hold up your oceanic plate (a graham cracker). Notice that it a thin but dense ...
... In another section of your plate, we are going to see what happens when a graham cracker, or the oceanic plate, meets a rice cake, or the continental plate. Have a volunteer pass out ½ rice cake & ½ graham cracker square. Hold up your oceanic plate (a graham cracker). Notice that it a thin but dense ...
Chapter 10 Section 2
... • Tectonic plate boundaries may be in the middle of the ocean floor, around the edges of continents, or even within continents. • The three types of plate boundaries are – divergent boundaries – convergent boundaries – transform boundaries • Each plate boundary is associated with a characteristic ty ...
... • Tectonic plate boundaries may be in the middle of the ocean floor, around the edges of continents, or even within continents. • The three types of plate boundaries are – divergent boundaries – convergent boundaries – transform boundaries • Each plate boundary is associated with a characteristic ty ...
Plate Tectonics Scaffolded Lesson Plan
... High pressure at margin → highly deformed rocks (folding, faulting) Some rocks of the continental plate are uplifted (example: the Coast Range of California) Any “continental crust” (islands) on the oceanic plate are accreted (or added) to the continental plate Forearc Basin ...
... High pressure at margin → highly deformed rocks (folding, faulting) Some rocks of the continental plate are uplifted (example: the Coast Range of California) Any “continental crust” (islands) on the oceanic plate are accreted (or added) to the continental plate Forearc Basin ...
Overview Plate Tectonics
... Alfred Wegener was one of the first people to suggest that all of the 1. ___________________ were joined together in the past. He called the one large For example, similar fossils have been found in South America and 3. ___________________. Also, fossils of warm weather plants have been found in the ...
... Alfred Wegener was one of the first people to suggest that all of the 1. ___________________ were joined together in the past. He called the one large For example, similar fossils have been found in South America and 3. ___________________. Also, fossils of warm weather plants have been found in the ...
cyclicity in cordilleran orogenic systems
... This timing is also supported by the negative excursions in εNd values during HFE’s. Magmas derived from the underthrusted continental material become increasingly evolved as exemplified by the εNd isotopic pull-down (Fig. 4a). Build-up of lithosphere beneath the arc exerts negative feedback on con ...
... This timing is also supported by the negative excursions in εNd values during HFE’s. Magmas derived from the underthrusted continental material become increasingly evolved as exemplified by the εNd isotopic pull-down (Fig. 4a). Build-up of lithosphere beneath the arc exerts negative feedback on con ...
chapter 3
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Ea ...
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Ea ...
Graham Cracker Plate Tectonics Lab
... Just a little info… The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the crust of the Earth is composed of seven major plates and numerous smaller plates. These plates “ride” on the hot plastic upper mantle called the asthenosphere. This theory also says that most of these plates are in motion, creating a ...
... Just a little info… The Theory of Plate Tectonics states that the crust of the Earth is composed of seven major plates and numerous smaller plates. These plates “ride” on the hot plastic upper mantle called the asthenosphere. This theory also says that most of these plates are in motion, creating a ...
Student Study Guide
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Ea ...
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Ea ...
Study Guide
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Ea ...
... - Iceland is one locality where we can observe spreading activity on land. - Spreading rates can now be measured directly by satellite using the Global Positioning System (GPS) discussed in chapter 1. - Some forty or so areas of spatially fixed, long-term volcanic activity have been identified on Ea ...
What is the Lithosphere
... and uppermost mantle with a weak shear zone in between is revealed by seismic reflection profiles around the British Isles that clearly show dipping reflectors within the mantle (Figure 7) that may be normal faults. Although alternative interpretations are possible, this may be the best example of j ...
... and uppermost mantle with a weak shear zone in between is revealed by seismic reflection profiles around the British Isles that clearly show dipping reflectors within the mantle (Figure 7) that may be normal faults. Although alternative interpretations are possible, this may be the best example of j ...
ALFRED WEGENER THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT
... • This is where HOT Magma(Hot material) from deep within the Earth rises while cooler magma near the surface sinks. ...
... • This is where HOT Magma(Hot material) from deep within the Earth rises while cooler magma near the surface sinks. ...
Outer slope faulting associated with the western Kuril and Japan
... cracks are elongated nearly parallel to the trench axis. The occurrence of such cracks is consistent with extensional forces on the superficial layer of bottom sediment. A more detailed consideration of these cracks has been published elsewhere (Ogawa et al. 1997). The outer slope of the Kuril Trenc ...
... cracks are elongated nearly parallel to the trench axis. The occurrence of such cracks is consistent with extensional forces on the superficial layer of bottom sediment. A more detailed consideration of these cracks has been published elsewhere (Ogawa et al. 1997). The outer slope of the Kuril Trenc ...
Magnitude 8.6 OFF W COAST NORTHERN SUMATRA
... are not unprecedented in this region of the Indo-Australian plate. Since the massive M 9.1 earthquake that ruptured a 1300 km long segment of the Sumatran megathrust plate boundary in December of 2004, three large strike-slip events have occurred within 50 km of this event. These events align approx ...
... are not unprecedented in this region of the Indo-Australian plate. Since the massive M 9.1 earthquake that ruptured a 1300 km long segment of the Sumatran megathrust plate boundary in December of 2004, three large strike-slip events have occurred within 50 km of this event. These events align approx ...
4.4 Boundary Predictions pp - 7th-grade-science
... • Lake Tanganyika, located in Eastern Africa, is located in a rift valley. It is the largest rift lake in Africa and the second largest lake by surface area on the continent. What type of plate interaction ...
... • Lake Tanganyika, located in Eastern Africa, is located in a rift valley. It is the largest rift lake in Africa and the second largest lake by surface area on the continent. What type of plate interaction ...
Plate Tectonics Lab Station Activities
... continental crust, made of granite, is created, and oceanic crust is destroyed. ...
... continental crust, made of granite, is created, and oceanic crust is destroyed. ...
How do subduction processes contribute to forearc - HAL-Insu
... In contrast, the very rapid uplift rate reported by Melnick et al. (2009) in the Arauco Peninsula (~37.5°S) does not correspond to any subducting ridge. Melnick et al. (2009) show this uplift may result from N-S continental shortening resulting from the Northward motion of the Chiloe forearc sliver ...
... In contrast, the very rapid uplift rate reported by Melnick et al. (2009) in the Arauco Peninsula (~37.5°S) does not correspond to any subducting ridge. Melnick et al. (2009) show this uplift may result from N-S continental shortening resulting from the Northward motion of the Chiloe forearc sliver ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.