Quiz Two (9:30-9:35 AM) - University of South Alabama
... Paleomagnetism shows that the ocean floor youngest near the ridges and oldest near the continents ...
... Paleomagnetism shows that the ocean floor youngest near the ridges and oldest near the continents ...
Evidence for mantle metasomatism by hydrous silicic - HAL-Insu
... at 30 kbar fall within the trondhjemite field. The latter have Na2O contents in excess of 7 wt%, increasing as temperature decreases, and are clearly peralkaline (molar Al2O3/Na2O+K2O+CaO<1), whereas all the glasses produced at lower pressures tend to be either metaluminous or slightly peraluminous. ...
... at 30 kbar fall within the trondhjemite field. The latter have Na2O contents in excess of 7 wt%, increasing as temperature decreases, and are clearly peralkaline (molar Al2O3/Na2O+K2O+CaO<1), whereas all the glasses produced at lower pressures tend to be either metaluminous or slightly peraluminous. ...
Seafloor spreading - School of Ocean and Earth Science and
... fixed continents and old ocean basins, and no large-scale horizontal displacements. This paradigm had previously been challenged, most notably by Alfred Wegener with his continental drift hypothesis (Wegener, 1912), and by paleomagnetic measurements in the 1950’s that were consistent with continenta ...
... fixed continents and old ocean basins, and no large-scale horizontal displacements. This paradigm had previously been challenged, most notably by Alfred Wegener with his continental drift hypothesis (Wegener, 1912), and by paleomagnetic measurements in the 1950’s that were consistent with continenta ...
Metamorphic Processes Associated with Orogenic Belts of India
... suggest that the different crustal blocks were once united as one large continental landmass of the Indian shield; they did not come from far off places and directions to squeeze the intervening rocks into fold belts. The ensialic orogenesis is a modified plate tectonic mechanism in which the fold b ...
... suggest that the different crustal blocks were once united as one large continental landmass of the Indian shield; they did not come from far off places and directions to squeeze the intervening rocks into fold belts. The ensialic orogenesis is a modified plate tectonic mechanism in which the fold b ...
06_chapter 1
... Ocean basins and continental platforms are most dominant physiographic domains on the surface of the Earth (Kenneth, 1982). These are linked by continental margins, where the oceanic and continental crust merges along a narrow transition zone. Continental margins form about 20% of the total area of ...
... Ocean basins and continental platforms are most dominant physiographic domains on the surface of the Earth (Kenneth, 1982). These are linked by continental margins, where the oceanic and continental crust merges along a narrow transition zone. Continental margins form about 20% of the total area of ...
Origin of high Mg# andesite and the continental crust
... melts and mantle peridotite is a viable mechanism to produce the trace element characteristics of H M A and the continental crust. Alternatively, small degree melts of metabasalt and/or metasediment in the subducting slab may leave rutile in their residue, and will thus have large Nb depletions rela ...
... melts and mantle peridotite is a viable mechanism to produce the trace element characteristics of H M A and the continental crust. Alternatively, small degree melts of metabasalt and/or metasediment in the subducting slab may leave rutile in their residue, and will thus have large Nb depletions rela ...
Supplemental Readings on Plate Tectonics and
... indicate deeper water). Eventually, when the mantle lithosphere gets thick enough, the oceanic plate becomes denser (on average) than the asthenosphere below. As a result, when given the chance, this oceanic plate will sink “like a rock“ into the asthenosphere below; i.e. it will subduct (see Figure ...
... indicate deeper water). Eventually, when the mantle lithosphere gets thick enough, the oceanic plate becomes denser (on average) than the asthenosphere below. As a result, when given the chance, this oceanic plate will sink “like a rock“ into the asthenosphere below; i.e. it will subduct (see Figure ...
plate tectonics lab
... space, flat rock layers in ocean basins would have been squeezed and folded between the continents (as observed in the Alps). Two other German scientists, Bernard Lindemann (in 1927) and Otto Hilgenberg (in 1933), independently evaluated the Continental Drift and Shrinking Earth Hypotheses. Both me ...
... space, flat rock layers in ocean basins would have been squeezed and folded between the continents (as observed in the Alps). Two other German scientists, Bernard Lindemann (in 1927) and Otto Hilgenberg (in 1933), independently evaluated the Continental Drift and Shrinking Earth Hypotheses. Both me ...
820 THE VOYAGE OF HMS CHALLENGER. Harpinia obtusfrons,n. sp.
... dentation, ending with a bidentate apex, the whole plate being itself more or less tooth like; the secondary plate broad, widening slightly to the front edge, which is cut into six teeth, the lowest being the longest; the spine-row is long, showing amongst some one; the accompanying cilia nine curve ...
... dentation, ending with a bidentate apex, the whole plate being itself more or less tooth like; the secondary plate broad, widening slightly to the front edge, which is cut into six teeth, the lowest being the longest; the spine-row is long, showing amongst some one; the accompanying cilia nine curve ...
GS106_LABS_8to11
... Most of the plates are moving towards one geographic area on the globe. Where is this? ____________ As the plates move along the surface of the Earth they often move relative to each other. In some places plates move towards each other, this is a convergent boundary. In some places plates move away ...
... Most of the plates are moving towards one geographic area on the globe. Where is this? ____________ As the plates move along the surface of the Earth they often move relative to each other. In some places plates move towards each other, this is a convergent boundary. In some places plates move away ...
Chapter 1 - Beck-Shop
... Moho averages 5–7 km. Under some oceanic islands, its thickness reaches 18 km. The elevated density and small thickness of oceanic crust cause it to be less buoyant than continental crust, so that it occupies areas of lower elevation on Earth’s surface. As a result, most oceanic crust of normal thic ...
... Moho averages 5–7 km. Under some oceanic islands, its thickness reaches 18 km. The elevated density and small thickness of oceanic crust cause it to be less buoyant than continental crust, so that it occupies areas of lower elevation on Earth’s surface. As a result, most oceanic crust of normal thic ...
The Aegean: plate tectonic evolution in Mediterranean
... that the eastern Mediterranean Neotethys Ocean opened following the rifting of the north margin of Gondwanaland from the late Paleozoic on (Robertson et al., 1991). In the Early-Jurassic the North Atlantic Ocean did not yet exist and a super continent, named Pangea was formed by Gondwanaland and Eur ...
... that the eastern Mediterranean Neotethys Ocean opened following the rifting of the north margin of Gondwanaland from the late Paleozoic on (Robertson et al., 1991). In the Early-Jurassic the North Atlantic Ocean did not yet exist and a super continent, named Pangea was formed by Gondwanaland and Eur ...
Earth Science Chapter 20 20.1 The Water Planet 20.1 The Water
... •Often associated with the mouths of major rivers. •Other canyons may have been caused by turbidity currents. •The turbidity currents are dense currents that carry large amounts of sediments down the continental slope. Continental Rise. ...
... •Often associated with the mouths of major rivers. •Other canyons may have been caused by turbidity currents. •The turbidity currents are dense currents that carry large amounts of sediments down the continental slope. Continental Rise. ...
Evidence and implications for a widespread magmatic shutdown for
... and Nelson, 1998; Eriksson et al., 1999; Barley et al., 2005). In typical cases where mid-crustal metamorphic rocks are exposed beneath such unconformities, it is evident that 10–15 km of crust was removed by erosion before deposition of the overlying sediments. A possible reason we do not see exten ...
... and Nelson, 1998; Eriksson et al., 1999; Barley et al., 2005). In typical cases where mid-crustal metamorphic rocks are exposed beneath such unconformities, it is evident that 10–15 km of crust was removed by erosion before deposition of the overlying sediments. A possible reason we do not see exten ...
Volcano formation dbq
... Volcanoes are not randomly distributed over the Earth's surface. Most are concentrated on the edges of continents. More than half of the world's active volcanoes above sea level encircle the Pacific Ocean to form the "Ring of Fire." In the past 25 years, scientists have developed a theory called pla ...
... Volcanoes are not randomly distributed over the Earth's surface. Most are concentrated on the edges of continents. More than half of the world's active volcanoes above sea level encircle the Pacific Ocean to form the "Ring of Fire." In the past 25 years, scientists have developed a theory called pla ...
Chapter 4 Marine Sedimentation
... • typically initiated by storm activity or earthquakes – first identified during 1929 Grand Banks earthquake – seismic activity triggered turbidity current which severed telegraph lines ...
... • typically initiated by storm activity or earthquakes – first identified during 1929 Grand Banks earthquake – seismic activity triggered turbidity current which severed telegraph lines ...
Plate Tectonics Lecture Notes
... •The temperature is estimated at 5,000-6,000 degrees Celsius and the pressure to be about 330 to 360 GPa (which is over 3,000,000 times that of the atmosphere!) •The liquid outer core is 2300 km thick and like the inner core composed of a nickel-iron alloy (but with less iron than the solid inner co ...
... •The temperature is estimated at 5,000-6,000 degrees Celsius and the pressure to be about 330 to 360 GPa (which is over 3,000,000 times that of the atmosphere!) •The liquid outer core is 2300 km thick and like the inner core composed of a nickel-iron alloy (but with less iron than the solid inner co ...
Plate Tectonics Lecture Notes: Slide 1. Title
... •The temperature is estimated at 5,000-6,000 degrees Celsius and the pressure to be about 330 to 360 GPa (which is over 3,000,000 times that of the atmosphere!) •The liquid outer core is 2300 km thick and like the inner core composed of a nickel-iron alloy (but with less iron than the solid inner co ...
... •The temperature is estimated at 5,000-6,000 degrees Celsius and the pressure to be about 330 to 360 GPa (which is over 3,000,000 times that of the atmosphere!) •The liquid outer core is 2300 km thick and like the inner core composed of a nickel-iron alloy (but with less iron than the solid inner co ...
Plate Tectonics
... Transform Faults are characterized by lateral movement of crustal blocks. The most famous example is the San Andreas Fault in California. Left: the region called „Elkhorn Scarp“ (Elk Elch). The lateral movement is nicely illustrated (above) by the offset in the course of ...
... Transform Faults are characterized by lateral movement of crustal blocks. The most famous example is the San Andreas Fault in California. Left: the region called „Elkhorn Scarp“ (Elk Elch). The lateral movement is nicely illustrated (above) by the offset in the course of ...
Marine Sediments Why Sediments?
... • Transport mechanisms include rivers, wind, turbidity currents, glaciers • Terrigenous sediments: – Volcanogenic sediments Windblown ash from volcanoes, wave-eroded volcanic rocks ...
... • Transport mechanisms include rivers, wind, turbidity currents, glaciers • Terrigenous sediments: – Volcanogenic sediments Windblown ash from volcanoes, wave-eroded volcanic rocks ...
Hawaii, we thought we knew you
... plates of the Pacific basin to the rest of the world."2 A survey of the Pitman Fracture Zone along this ridge was carried out in 1992. The authors concluded that "predictions of the track of the Hawaiian hot spot based on global reconstructions fail, once again, to predict a large bend around 43 mi ...
... plates of the Pacific basin to the rest of the world."2 A survey of the Pitman Fracture Zone along this ridge was carried out in 1992. The authors concluded that "predictions of the track of the Hawaiian hot spot based on global reconstructions fail, once again, to predict a large bend around 43 mi ...
Developed in Consultation with Florida Educators
... A transform boundary is a place where two plates grind past one another in a mainly horizontal direction. Crust is not formed or destroyed at transform boundaries. The crust at these boundaries is faulted, that is, cracked and deformed. A fault is a crack in Earth’s crust. Transform boundaries are t ...
... A transform boundary is a place where two plates grind past one another in a mainly horizontal direction. Crust is not formed or destroyed at transform boundaries. The crust at these boundaries is faulted, that is, cracked and deformed. A fault is a crack in Earth’s crust. Transform boundaries are t ...
Introduction to Plate Tectonics By Elizabeth Cochran
... Volcanoes are shown by the small orange symbols. Question 13: Describe the distribution of volcanoes along the Tonga-Kermadec plate boundary. Be sure to discuss where the volcanoes are located in terms of bathymetry and earthquake depth using the figures above. Question 14: Is crust being created or ...
... Volcanoes are shown by the small orange symbols. Question 13: Describe the distribution of volcanoes along the Tonga-Kermadec plate boundary. Be sure to discuss where the volcanoes are located in terms of bathymetry and earthquake depth using the figures above. Question 14: Is crust being created or ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.