The effect of plate stresses and shallow mantle temperatures on
... Northwestern Europe is tectonically more active, in terms of seismicity, vertical motions and volcanism, than would be expected from its location far from any plate boundaries. In the context of the Netherlands Earth System Dynamics Initiative, we investigated the implications of two recent modeling ...
... Northwestern Europe is tectonically more active, in terms of seismicity, vertical motions and volcanism, than would be expected from its location far from any plate boundaries. In the context of the Netherlands Earth System Dynamics Initiative, we investigated the implications of two recent modeling ...
Plate-Tectonics A review
... drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents • He had no satisfactory mechanism to offer, but appealed to a less-dense continent “floating” and “drifting” over a more dense oceanic crust (Like icebergs in the ocean). Most Scientists were highly skeptical and the idea was NOT ...
... drifted apart to form the present arrangement of continents • He had no satisfactory mechanism to offer, but appealed to a less-dense continent “floating” and “drifting” over a more dense oceanic crust (Like icebergs in the ocean). Most Scientists were highly skeptical and the idea was NOT ...
A petrologic case for Eocene slab break
... will occur at a depth of ;100–200 km. Lithospheric mantle may subduct, whereas buoyancy drives detached crustal slices upward, ultimately exposing eclogites (Maruyama et al., 1996). However, in the Himalaya there is no consensus for either the relationship of buoyancydriven ascent to Greater Himalay ...
... will occur at a depth of ;100–200 km. Lithospheric mantle may subduct, whereas buoyancy drives detached crustal slices upward, ultimately exposing eclogites (Maruyama et al., 1996). However, in the Himalaya there is no consensus for either the relationship of buoyancydriven ascent to Greater Himalay ...
Pb composition of Mesozoic Pacific oceanic crust
... surface material into the deep mantle. Because the physical and chemical changes within the subducting plate and mantle wedge are largely inaccessible, geochemical investigations concentrate on the input and output signals. While the output of island arcs has been studied extensively over the past d ...
... surface material into the deep mantle. Because the physical and chemical changes within the subducting plate and mantle wedge are largely inaccessible, geochemical investigations concentrate on the input and output signals. While the output of island arcs has been studied extensively over the past d ...
the fate of subducted oceanic crust and the origin
... pyroxenites or mantle sulphides. Instead, the remixing models should have been combined with models for the tapping of shallow mantle sources by plate tectonic processes, to give an explanation for the origin of intralate volcanism from the convecting mantle without plumes. Pyroxenitic sources for i ...
... pyroxenites or mantle sulphides. Instead, the remixing models should have been combined with models for the tapping of shallow mantle sources by plate tectonic processes, to give an explanation for the origin of intralate volcanism from the convecting mantle without plumes. Pyroxenitic sources for i ...
Eduard Suess` conception of the Alpine orogeny related to
... data and models have become of fundamental importance for tectonic theories. We review this evolution as well as modern geophysical data closely related to the orogeny of the Eastern Alps. We consider fundamental observations and findings of Suess and relate them to modern geophysical data on the st ...
... data and models have become of fundamental importance for tectonic theories. We review this evolution as well as modern geophysical data closely related to the orogeny of the Eastern Alps. We consider fundamental observations and findings of Suess and relate them to modern geophysical data on the st ...
here - GeoPRISMS
... the coupled processes responsible for both longterm margin evolution and material transfer and short-term plate boundary deformation and volcanism. In particular, it studies the properties, mechanisms, and manifestations of strain build-up and release along the plate boundary, the transport and rele ...
... the coupled processes responsible for both longterm margin evolution and material transfer and short-term plate boundary deformation and volcanism. In particular, it studies the properties, mechanisms, and manifestations of strain build-up and release along the plate boundary, the transport and rele ...
Constraints on mantle melting and composition and nature of slab
... and U in the magmas and originates through wet-melting of subducted sediments and/or altered oceanic crust at ≥ 120 km depth. Melting of the upper parts of subducting plates under water flux from deeper lithosphere (e.g. serpentinites), combined with high temperatures in the mantle wedge, may be a m ...
... and U in the magmas and originates through wet-melting of subducted sediments and/or altered oceanic crust at ≥ 120 km depth. Melting of the upper parts of subducting plates under water flux from deeper lithosphere (e.g. serpentinites), combined with high temperatures in the mantle wedge, may be a m ...
Experimental tests of simple models for the dynamics
... model of rigid plates separated by narrow plate boundaries such as transform faults, ridges and trenches, across which all deformation occurs. Although most deformation is localized in these narrow boundaries, additional broad zones of deformation occur within traditionally defined ‘plates’. Displac ...
... model of rigid plates separated by narrow plate boundaries such as transform faults, ridges and trenches, across which all deformation occurs. Although most deformation is localized in these narrow boundaries, additional broad zones of deformation occur within traditionally defined ‘plates’. Displac ...
Plate Tectonics: A Paradigm Under Threat
... but do not provide evidence for plate motions of the kind predicted by plate tectonics unless the relative motions predicted among all plates are observed. However, many of the results have shown no definite pattern and have been confusing and contradictory, giving rise to a variety of ad hoc hypoth ...
... but do not provide evidence for plate motions of the kind predicted by plate tectonics unless the relative motions predicted among all plates are observed. However, many of the results have shown no definite pattern and have been confusing and contradictory, giving rise to a variety of ad hoc hypoth ...
Plate Tectonics
... The movement of plates on Earth causes forces that build up energy in rocks. The release of this energy can produce vibrations in Earth that you know as earthquakes. Earthquakes occur every day. Many of them are too small to be felt by humans, but each event tells scientists something more about the ...
... The movement of plates on Earth causes forces that build up energy in rocks. The release of this energy can produce vibrations in Earth that you know as earthquakes. Earthquakes occur every day. Many of them are too small to be felt by humans, but each event tells scientists something more about the ...
Plate rotation during continental collision and its relationship with
... deeper, and heat material up to 300 C hotter, than an orthogonal collision. Our diachronous collision model predicts that subducted continental margin material returns to the surface only in the region where collision initiated. The diachronous collision model is consistent with petrological and ge ...
... deeper, and heat material up to 300 C hotter, than an orthogonal collision. Our diachronous collision model predicts that subducted continental margin material returns to the surface only in the region where collision initiated. The diachronous collision model is consistent with petrological and ge ...
Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc
... of the forearc width, compared to b25% at tectonically eroding margins (Scholl and von Huene, 2010). The tectonic-erosion model thus proposes a fairly constant forearc width, in which individual packages of rock migrate closer to the trench as ongoing tectonic erosion progressively strips material f ...
... of the forearc width, compared to b25% at tectonically eroding margins (Scholl and von Huene, 2010). The tectonic-erosion model thus proposes a fairly constant forearc width, in which individual packages of rock migrate closer to the trench as ongoing tectonic erosion progressively strips material f ...
The North Palawan Block, Philippines
... the facies relationships of the unconformity-bounded sedimentary units strongly suggest a common pre-Neogene history for all these areas. By contrast, throughout the Palawan area, an important regional unconformity occurs at the top of the Middle Miocene which is absent from the Asian mainland. Exte ...
... the facies relationships of the unconformity-bounded sedimentary units strongly suggest a common pre-Neogene history for all these areas. By contrast, throughout the Palawan area, an important regional unconformity occurs at the top of the Middle Miocene which is absent from the Asian mainland. Exte ...
Thermal and chemical convection in planetary mantles
... The secondpart describesthe numericalexperimentsset up with Earth-like parametersincluding plate motion. The last part discussesthe results of the numerical experimentsand their applications to models of the internal structure and dynamicsof Earth's upper mantle. ...
... The secondpart describesthe numericalexperimentsset up with Earth-like parametersincluding plate motion. The last part discussesthe results of the numerical experimentsand their applications to models of the internal structure and dynamicsof Earth's upper mantle. ...
Anatomy of an evolving island arc: tectonic and eustatic control in
... The southern part of the Central Ameriean isthmus is the product of an island arc. It evolved initially as a ridge of primitive island-arc tholeiites at a collision zone between the Farall6n plate and protoCaribbean crust (Albian-Santonian). During the Campanian. a major tectonic event (most probabl ...
... The southern part of the Central Ameriean isthmus is the product of an island arc. It evolved initially as a ridge of primitive island-arc tholeiites at a collision zone between the Farall6n plate and protoCaribbean crust (Albian-Santonian). During the Campanian. a major tectonic event (most probabl ...
IDOE Workshop on Tectonic Patterns and Metallogenesis in East
... eastern Asia,from the Sunda Arc to the Japanese islands,and from the stable shelfof the Gulf of Thailand to the stable shelf bordering northern Australia, provide one of the most significant regions of the earth's surface for the study of present-day tectonic processes and of their effects in the re ...
... eastern Asia,from the Sunda Arc to the Japanese islands,and from the stable shelfof the Gulf of Thailand to the stable shelf bordering northern Australia, provide one of the most significant regions of the earth's surface for the study of present-day tectonic processes and of their effects in the re ...
Synthesis of Results From the CD-ROM Experiment
... as upwelling of asthenosphere and high velocity domains as intact, or downwelling, lithosphere. An alternative hypothesis, presented in this paper, is that the lithospheric mantle under the Rocky Mountains, although extensively modified and reactivated by younger events, is primarily Proterozoic in ...
... as upwelling of asthenosphere and high velocity domains as intact, or downwelling, lithosphere. An alternative hypothesis, presented in this paper, is that the lithospheric mantle under the Rocky Mountains, although extensively modified and reactivated by younger events, is primarily Proterozoic in ...
a collisional model for the Grenville-aged orogenic belt - Cin
... Laurentia, emplacement of ophiolitic rocks, and telescoping of the intervening basinal sediments, followed by overriding of the arc and margin of Laurentia by a southern continent with transport toward Laurentia. The model further proposes that convergence led to subduction of the Laurentian margin, ...
... Laurentia, emplacement of ophiolitic rocks, and telescoping of the intervening basinal sediments, followed by overriding of the arc and margin of Laurentia by a southern continent with transport toward Laurentia. The model further proposes that convergence led to subduction of the Laurentian margin, ...
Moho Depth along the Antarctic Peninsula and
... along the profiles, provide the basis for the modelling of northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and the main the velocity distribution and depths to the seismic structures of the Bransfield Strait. boundaries in the seismic models of the crust and ——————————————————————— uppermost mantle (F ...
... along the profiles, provide the basis for the modelling of northwestern coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and the main the velocity distribution and depths to the seismic structures of the Bransfield Strait. boundaries in the seismic models of the crust and ——————————————————————— uppermost mantle (F ...
Spreading-rate dependence of melt extraction at mid
... mode of extension. The crustal thickness measurements indicate that this slower-spreading crust is demonstrably thinner. Melt retained in the mantle at the spreading centre, now present as gabbroic inclusions, thus provides a possible explanation for the change to positive velocity gradients. In thi ...
... mode of extension. The crustal thickness measurements indicate that this slower-spreading crust is demonstrably thinner. Melt retained in the mantle at the spreading centre, now present as gabbroic inclusions, thus provides a possible explanation for the change to positive velocity gradients. In thi ...
Searching to Learn - DigitalCommons@USU
... 12. Integrated Analysis on Gravity and Magnetic Fields of the Hailar Basin, NE China: Implications for Basement Structure and Deep Tectonics. Subjects: GRAVITY; MAGNETIC fields; GEOLOGY, Structural; PLATE tectonics; MANCHURIA (China); ...
... 12. Integrated Analysis on Gravity and Magnetic Fields of the Hailar Basin, NE China: Implications for Basement Structure and Deep Tectonics. Subjects: GRAVITY; MAGNETIC fields; GEOLOGY, Structural; PLATE tectonics; MANCHURIA (China); ...
Ridge subduction and porphyry copper
... For example, there are several subducting ridges along the east Pacific margin, e.g., in Chile, Peru, and South America, most of which are associated with large porphyry Cu-Au deposits. In contrast, there are much fewer ridge subductions on the west Pacific margin and porphyry Cu-Au deposits are muc ...
... For example, there are several subducting ridges along the east Pacific margin, e.g., in Chile, Peru, and South America, most of which are associated with large porphyry Cu-Au deposits. In contrast, there are much fewer ridge subductions on the west Pacific margin and porphyry Cu-Au deposits are muc ...
Flat versus steep subduction: Contrasting modes for the formation
... subduction to collision. Slab inclination conditions for these two stages can be strongly dissimilar, which is taken into account by our models in a simplified manner: the initial slab dip angle corresponds to the early subduction stage and the final slab inclination characterizes the later collision ...
... subduction to collision. Slab inclination conditions for these two stages can be strongly dissimilar, which is taken into account by our models in a simplified manner: the initial slab dip angle corresponds to the early subduction stage and the final slab inclination characterizes the later collision ...
Tectonics and sedimentation interactions in the - Archimer
... the undulating seafloor tectonic morphologies associated with active thrust tectonics and mud volcanism. On top of the accretionary prism, turbidite sediments are filling transported piggy-back basins whose timing of sedimentation vs. deformation is complex. While erosion processes are almost absent ...
... the undulating seafloor tectonic morphologies associated with active thrust tectonics and mud volcanism. On top of the accretionary prism, turbidite sediments are filling transported piggy-back basins whose timing of sedimentation vs. deformation is complex. While erosion processes are almost absent ...
Oceanic trench
The oceanic trenches are hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are also the deepest parts of the ocean floor. Oceanic trenches are a distinctive morphological feature of convergent plate boundaries, along which lithospheric plates move towards each other at rates that vary from a few mm to over ten cm per year. A trench marks the position at which the flexed, subducting slab begins to descend beneath another lithospheric slab. Trenches are generally parallel to a volcanic island arc, and about 200 km (120 mi) from a volcanic arc. Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2/yr.