A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste
... as liquid pyrolysis oil at the expense of low char and gas yield. In these conditions, the pyrolysis gases contain less than 10% of the biomass energy, which is consumed on-site as energy input to the pyrolysis process. The brittle char obtained is ground to a fine powder and suspended in the liquid ...
... as liquid pyrolysis oil at the expense of low char and gas yield. In these conditions, the pyrolysis gases contain less than 10% of the biomass energy, which is consumed on-site as energy input to the pyrolysis process. The brittle char obtained is ground to a fine powder and suspended in the liquid ...
A Low-Fluorine Solution with the F/Ba Mole Ratio of 2 for the
... [5]. Such a slow process constitutes a serious barrier for industrial production. Lowering the fluorine content in the precursor solution is considered to be effective in shortening the time requirement during the pyrolysis step [7]. This idea has been realized in many groups by substituting fluorin ...
... [5]. Such a slow process constitutes a serious barrier for industrial production. Lowering the fluorine content in the precursor solution is considered to be effective in shortening the time requirement during the pyrolysis step [7]. This idea has been realized in many groups by substituting fluorin ...
Occurrence of biomarkers and straight-chain biopolymers in
... Biomarkers are organic molecules found in petroleum, coal and sedimentary rocks. Their ‘fossil’ structure is indicative of their derivation from specific biological sources (1-3). For instance, the ubiquitous presence of hopanoids in fossil fuels has disclosed a notable bacterial input at the time o ...
... Biomarkers are organic molecules found in petroleum, coal and sedimentary rocks. Their ‘fossil’ structure is indicative of their derivation from specific biological sources (1-3). For instance, the ubiquitous presence of hopanoids in fossil fuels has disclosed a notable bacterial input at the time o ...
Application report: Environmental sugar analysis
... is produced by the pyrolysis of cellulose and acts as a tracer for biomass combustion is determined in aerosols. These are just two of the many applications of carbohydrate analysis. ...
... is produced by the pyrolysis of cellulose and acts as a tracer for biomass combustion is determined in aerosols. These are just two of the many applications of carbohydrate analysis. ...
Thermal Decomposition of Coal
... consecutive or parallel reactions, that is, secondary reactions. At high temperatures, carbon monoxide will be also produced from cracking of heterocyclic oxygen groups. The amount of volatile products and their composition depends on coal type, coal size, and the conditions prevailing in the appara ...
... consecutive or parallel reactions, that is, secondary reactions. At high temperatures, carbon monoxide will be also produced from cracking of heterocyclic oxygen groups. The amount of volatile products and their composition depends on coal type, coal size, and the conditions prevailing in the appara ...
A Review of using Spray Pyrolysis through Sol-gel
... The present study reviewed the historical and current uses of the spray pyrolysis method on the synthesis of cathode oxide materials in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The traditional synthesis methods used at laboratory scale to make cathode materials for Li-ion batteries mainly comprised of solid- ...
... The present study reviewed the historical and current uses of the spray pyrolysis method on the synthesis of cathode oxide materials in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The traditional synthesis methods used at laboratory scale to make cathode materials for Li-ion batteries mainly comprised of solid- ...
413-420_00_j_o_kones..
... seen as a promising source of material for fuels and raw materials. As it is most basic, plant biomass can simply be burnt in order to produce heat and electricity. However, there is great potential in the use of plant biomass to produce liquid biofuels. Plant biomass is comprised mostly of plant ce ...
... seen as a promising source of material for fuels and raw materials. As it is most basic, plant biomass can simply be burnt in order to produce heat and electricity. However, there is great potential in the use of plant biomass to produce liquid biofuels. Plant biomass is comprised mostly of plant ce ...
Combustion Chemistry, part 5
... Ceiling Temperature for Soot? • The initial reaction C2H4 C2H2 + H2 has a Kc that increases with T • But the later steps small molecules single big molecule • Look like they should have a ceiling temperature • This would imply a Temperature Band where soot can form… ...
... Ceiling Temperature for Soot? • The initial reaction C2H4 C2H2 + H2 has a Kc that increases with T • But the later steps small molecules single big molecule • Look like they should have a ceiling temperature • This would imply a Temperature Band where soot can form… ...
13-Univ-of-Kentucky_SURA_Summary
... liquid product. Syngas can be generated from many different biomass sources or used in blends with other hydrocarbon fuels using well established gasification technology. This synthesis gas can then be converted to liquid fuels and chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. The FT process cente ...
... liquid product. Syngas can be generated from many different biomass sources or used in blends with other hydrocarbon fuels using well established gasification technology. This synthesis gas can then be converted to liquid fuels and chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. The FT process cente ...
Nano Particles - Sk. Ruksana - Hindu college
... • Nanoparticles made of semiconducting material are also labeled quantum dots. Nanospheres, nanorods and nanocups are just a few of the shapes that have been grown. • Nanoparticle research is currently an area of intense scientific research due to a wide variety of potential applications in biomedic ...
... • Nanoparticles made of semiconducting material are also labeled quantum dots. Nanospheres, nanorods and nanocups are just a few of the shapes that have been grown. • Nanoparticle research is currently an area of intense scientific research due to a wide variety of potential applications in biomedic ...
21. Characterization of the Organic Matter in a Site 147 Core from
... "humus" fraction of terrestrial soils. Such polymers are difficult to characterize. Degradation by oxidation or by pyrolysis mainly yields small molecules that are difficult to relate to the structure of the material. Higher molecular weight substances, with possibly more structural significance, ar ...
... "humus" fraction of terrestrial soils. Such polymers are difficult to characterize. Degradation by oxidation or by pyrolysis mainly yields small molecules that are difficult to relate to the structure of the material. Higher molecular weight substances, with possibly more structural significance, ar ...
Document
... – Bio-oils are water emulsive suspensions of the thermally fractured biomass chemical structure. Each bio-oil typically contains more than 100 chemical compounds. ...
... – Bio-oils are water emulsive suspensions of the thermally fractured biomass chemical structure. Each bio-oil typically contains more than 100 chemical compounds. ...
Using Apparent Activation Energy as a Reactivity
... The knowledge of the complex thermal behavior of plant biomass is a key element in enabling the industrial application of processes that convert biomass efficiently into fuels or valuable chemicals. It is crucial to understand the role played by the different main components of the biomass (i.e., hemic ...
... The knowledge of the complex thermal behavior of plant biomass is a key element in enabling the industrial application of processes that convert biomass efficiently into fuels or valuable chemicals. It is crucial to understand the role played by the different main components of the biomass (i.e., hemic ...
fast pyrolysis characteristics of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose
... inexpensive and renewable resources, their conversion into synthetic fuels and chemical feedstock has emerged as an attractive alternative in the past decade.1 As a first stage of gasification and liquefaction of straw and other agricultural materials, pyrolysis is the key technology of the thermo-c ...
... inexpensive and renewable resources, their conversion into synthetic fuels and chemical feedstock has emerged as an attractive alternative in the past decade.1 As a first stage of gasification and liquefaction of straw and other agricultural materials, pyrolysis is the key technology of the thermo-c ...
RDL 722 - 07 JAN 2016 - Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
... Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of a condensed substance by heating. It does not involve reactions with oxygen or any other reagents but can take place in their presence. Pyrolysis is a special case of thermolysis, and is most commonly used for organic materials; extreme pyrolysis, which lea ...
... Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of a condensed substance by heating. It does not involve reactions with oxygen or any other reagents but can take place in their presence. Pyrolysis is a special case of thermolysis, and is most commonly used for organic materials; extreme pyrolysis, which lea ...
Pyrolysis
... Reaction temperature (the dolomite guard bed was kept always at 800°C). Weight hourly space velocity based on the weight of the Ni-catalyst, not including the weight of the cordierite support (the values in parenthesis are the WHSV for the dolomite guard bed). c Steam to carbon molar ratio of the fe ...
... Reaction temperature (the dolomite guard bed was kept always at 800°C). Weight hourly space velocity based on the weight of the Ni-catalyst, not including the weight of the cordierite support (the values in parenthesis are the WHSV for the dolomite guard bed). c Steam to carbon molar ratio of the fe ...
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen (or any halogen). It involves the simultaneous change of chemical composition and physical phase, and is irreversible. The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro ""fire"" and lysis ""separating"".Pyrolysis is a type of thermolysis, and is most commonly observed in organic materials exposed to high temperatures. It is one of the processes involved in charring wood, starting at 200–300 °C (390–570 °F). It also occurs in fires where solid fuels are burning or when vegetation comes into contact with lava in volcanic eruptions. In general, pyrolysis of organic substances produces gas and liquid products and leaves a solid residue richer in carbon content, char. Extreme pyrolysis, which leaves mostly carbon as the residue, is called carbonization.The process is used heavily in the chemical industry, for example, to produce charcoal, activated carbon, methanol, and other chemicals from wood, to convert ethylene dichloride into vinyl chloride to make PVC, to produce coke from coal, to convert biomass into syngas and biochar, to turn waste plastics back into usable oil, or waste into safely disposable substances, and for transforming medium-weight hydrocarbons from oil into lighter ones like gasoline. These specialized uses of pyrolysis may be called various names, such as dry distillation, destructive distillation, or cracking. Pyrolysis is also used in the creation of nanoparticles, zirconia and oxides utilizing an ultrasonic nozzle in a process called ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP).Pyrolysis also plays an important role in several cooking procedures, such as baking, frying, grilling, and caramelizing. Besides, it is a tool of chemical analysis, for example, in mass spectrometry and in carbon-14 dating. Indeed, many important chemical substances, such as phosphorus and sulfuric acid, were first obtained by this process. Pyrolysis has been assumed to take place during catagenesis, the conversion of buried organic matter to fossil fuels. It is also the basis of pyrography. In their embalming process, the ancient Egyptians used a mixture of substances, including methanol, which they obtained from the pyrolysis of wood.Pyrolysis differs from other processes like combustion and hydrolysis in that it usually does not involve reactions with oxygen, water, or any other reagents. In practice, it is not possible to achieve a completely oxygen-free atmosphere. Because some oxygen is present in any pyrolysis system, a small amount of oxidation occurs.The term has also been applied to the decomposition of organic material in the presence of superheated water or steam (hydrous pyrolysis), for example, in the steam cracking of oil.