A seismotectonic study for the Heraklion basin in Crete (Southern
... for the area of the Heraklion prefecture contacting more intense earthquake analyses for two distinct periods, namely July-August 2007 and September-October 2007. GIS techniques and mapping Density maps were created for each one of the NOA, EMSC and SASN seismic activity datasets corresponding to th ...
... for the area of the Heraklion prefecture contacting more intense earthquake analyses for two distinct periods, namely July-August 2007 and September-October 2007. GIS techniques and mapping Density maps were created for each one of the NOA, EMSC and SASN seismic activity datasets corresponding to th ...
Extensional inheritance and surface processes as controlling factors
... inheritance on the scale of half-graben systems [Buiter and Pfiffner, 2003] and moderate inversion of rifted basins exploring the effects of postrift thermal equilibration [Buiter et al., 2009]. Jammes and Huismans [2012] demonstrated that rifting inheritance can explain the presence of a lower crust ...
... inheritance on the scale of half-graben systems [Buiter and Pfiffner, 2003] and moderate inversion of rifted basins exploring the effects of postrift thermal equilibration [Buiter et al., 2009]. Jammes and Huismans [2012] demonstrated that rifting inheritance can explain the presence of a lower crust ...
Major and trace analysis of basaltic glasses by laser-ablation ICP-MS
... above 10, the hampering to the slab sinking speed in the upper mantle is due to the barrier formed by the upper-lower mantle discontinuity [Capitanio et al., 2007; Christensen and Yuen, 1984; Zhong and Gurnis, 1995b], and considering that slabs in the lower mantle are likely less viscous and occupy ...
... above 10, the hampering to the slab sinking speed in the upper mantle is due to the barrier formed by the upper-lower mantle discontinuity [Capitanio et al., 2007; Christensen and Yuen, 1984; Zhong and Gurnis, 1995b], and considering that slabs in the lower mantle are likely less viscous and occupy ...
PDF Version - Bullard Laboratories
... Two forms of surface uplift are associated with mantle plumes. Dynamic support always results when abnormally hot mantle is emplaced beneath the lithosphere. This support is transient and disappears when the thermal anomalies in the asthenosphere and lithosphere dissipate by convection and conductio ...
... Two forms of surface uplift are associated with mantle plumes. Dynamic support always results when abnormally hot mantle is emplaced beneath the lithosphere. This support is transient and disappears when the thermal anomalies in the asthenosphere and lithosphere dissipate by convection and conductio ...
Constraints on mantle melting and composition and nature of slab
... parental magmas and mantle sources, 2) to constrain thermal conditions of mantle melting, and 3) to estimate the composition of slabderived components. We demonstrate that typical Kamchatkan arc-type magmas originate through 5–14% melting of sources similar or slightly more depleted in HFSE (with up ...
... parental magmas and mantle sources, 2) to constrain thermal conditions of mantle melting, and 3) to estimate the composition of slabderived components. We demonstrate that typical Kamchatkan arc-type magmas originate through 5–14% melting of sources similar or slightly more depleted in HFSE (with up ...
A global-scale plate reorganization event at 105−100Ma
... A major plate reorganization is postulated to have occurred at approximately 100 Ma. However, this reorganization has received limited attention, despite being associated with the most prominent suite of fracture zone bends on the planet and many other geological events. We investigate tectonic even ...
... A major plate reorganization is postulated to have occurred at approximately 100 Ma. However, this reorganization has received limited attention, despite being associated with the most prominent suite of fracture zone bends on the planet and many other geological events. We investigate tectonic even ...
3-D crustal structure of the extensional Granada Basin in the
... region. However, the low resolution of these results do not allow a detailed correlation between the tomographic results and shallow geological structures. In local earthquake tomography, body-wave arrival times are used to estimate P and S wave velocities and from these, we deduce variations in lit ...
... region. However, the low resolution of these results do not allow a detailed correlation between the tomographic results and shallow geological structures. In local earthquake tomography, body-wave arrival times are used to estimate P and S wave velocities and from these, we deduce variations in lit ...
Tectonics of the Java Trench – Sumatra, Philippines
... moving Indian and Australian Plates with the Eurasian and Sunda Plates. Stresses and strains due to the change of motion of the Pacific Plate from NNW to WNW caused transform faults in the Sunda Plate to become subduction zones. Backarc and forearc basins then formed around the Java Trench. Current ...
... moving Indian and Australian Plates with the Eurasian and Sunda Plates. Stresses and strains due to the change of motion of the Pacific Plate from NNW to WNW caused transform faults in the Sunda Plate to become subduction zones. Backarc and forearc basins then formed around the Java Trench. Current ...
Section 1 What Are Earthquakes?
... • Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries because the movement of tectonic plates causes stress in Earth’s crust. • Earthquake energy travels through rock as seismic waves. ...
... • Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries because the movement of tectonic plates causes stress in Earth’s crust. • Earthquake energy travels through rock as seismic waves. ...
5faults.landforms
... Landforms that are created when plates collide or separate are caused by diastrophism ...
... Landforms that are created when plates collide or separate are caused by diastrophism ...
No Slide Title
... because they arrive later than P waves after an earthquake. • S waves cannot travel through parts of Earth that are completely liquid. • S waves shear rock horizontally from side to side. ...
... because they arrive later than P waves after an earthquake. • S waves cannot travel through parts of Earth that are completely liquid. • S waves shear rock horizontally from side to side. ...
Synthesis of Results From the CD-ROM Experiment
... exhibits an overall regional trend where the stable core of the Laurentian craton (from the Great Plains northeastwards) is underlain by high velocity (cold, old, thick) lithospheric mantle, the Rocky Mountain/Colorado Plateau region is underlain by a zone of mixed, but intermediate velocity mantle, ...
... exhibits an overall regional trend where the stable core of the Laurentian craton (from the Great Plains northeastwards) is underlain by high velocity (cold, old, thick) lithospheric mantle, the Rocky Mountain/Colorado Plateau region is underlain by a zone of mixed, but intermediate velocity mantle, ...
chapter4 - Geological Sciences
... dating “involves basic reasoning skills” that are useful in almost any profession or discipline. The geologic time scale is fundamental to understanding the physical and biological history of our planet An accurate and precise geologic calendar is critical in determining the onset, duration, and ...
... dating “involves basic reasoning skills” that are useful in almost any profession or discipline. The geologic time scale is fundamental to understanding the physical and biological history of our planet An accurate and precise geologic calendar is critical in determining the onset, duration, and ...
Battleship - Quakes & Tectonics - New York State Regents Earth
... What is the pressure at the boundary between the mantle and the outer core? ...
... What is the pressure at the boundary between the mantle and the outer core? ...
Magma Composition and Igneous Rocks By Dr. James Brophy
... melt? Given that the earth’s surface is not covered everywhere with volcanoes, there must be various regions of the earth in which something “special” happens to cause melting. It turns out that this “something special” includes three different processes which, either alone or in conjunction with on ...
... melt? Given that the earth’s surface is not covered everywhere with volcanoes, there must be various regions of the earth in which something “special” happens to cause melting. It turns out that this “something special” includes three different processes which, either alone or in conjunction with on ...
Snacktectonics
... Purpose of Activity: To model the interactions of Earth’s lithosphere (tectonic plates) as they slowly move on the Earth’s mantle (asthenosphere), through the use of snack foods. Background for Activity: The theory of plate tectonics says that the crust of the Earth is composed of separate plates wh ...
... Purpose of Activity: To model the interactions of Earth’s lithosphere (tectonic plates) as they slowly move on the Earth’s mantle (asthenosphere), through the use of snack foods. Background for Activity: The theory of plate tectonics says that the crust of the Earth is composed of separate plates wh ...
From Kutch to Kashmir: Lessons for Use pdf, 437kb
... What are the scientific lessons from Kutch to Kashmir? Kutch in Gujarat has had several destructive earthquakes over the last 200 years. Each has left a legacy not only of destruction but also of lessons that should have been learned. Sadly, most rebuilding measures have repeated the mistakes of the ...
... What are the scientific lessons from Kutch to Kashmir? Kutch in Gujarat has had several destructive earthquakes over the last 200 years. Each has left a legacy not only of destruction but also of lessons that should have been learned. Sadly, most rebuilding measures have repeated the mistakes of the ...
YOU
... (B) analyze the processes that power the movement of the Earth's continental and oceanic plates and identify the effects of this movement including faulting, folding, earthquakes, and volcanic activity; and (C) analyze methods of tracking continental and oceanic plate movement. §113.34. World Geogra ...
... (B) analyze the processes that power the movement of the Earth's continental and oceanic plates and identify the effects of this movement including faulting, folding, earthquakes, and volcanic activity; and (C) analyze methods of tracking continental and oceanic plate movement. §113.34. World Geogra ...
letters - Noble Gas Geochemistry Lab
... propagated north into the Arctic during the separation of Svalbard and Greenland. The Gakkel ridge is the global ultraslow endmember among ocean ridges, with spreading rates decreasing from ,15 mm yr21 (full rate) at the Lena trough near Greenland to ,6 mm yr21 at the Siberian margin. It contains no ...
... propagated north into the Arctic during the separation of Svalbard and Greenland. The Gakkel ridge is the global ultraslow endmember among ocean ridges, with spreading rates decreasing from ,15 mm yr21 (full rate) at the Lena trough near Greenland to ,6 mm yr21 at the Siberian margin. It contains no ...
PLATE PUZZLES - Environmental Volunteers
... Transform fault movement is the kind of plate interaction Californians are most familiar with – the Pacific Plate grinding past the North American Plate along the San Andreas Fault. The boundary is actually one long transform fault connecting two zones of plate spreading. Knowledge of movement has b ...
... Transform fault movement is the kind of plate interaction Californians are most familiar with – the Pacific Plate grinding past the North American Plate along the San Andreas Fault. The boundary is actually one long transform fault connecting two zones of plate spreading. Knowledge of movement has b ...
Lecture 38
... enriched) and MORB ("LREE Depleted"). There is no common mantle mineral that preferentially retains the light REE, so this is good evidence that the oceanridge source mantle was previously depleted in the more incompatible elements (light REE relative to the heavy REE). The relative light REE en ...
... enriched) and MORB ("LREE Depleted"). There is no common mantle mineral that preferentially retains the light REE, so this is good evidence that the oceanridge source mantle was previously depleted in the more incompatible elements (light REE relative to the heavy REE). The relative light REE en ...
Continents on the move
... This idea linked all the evidence which had been discovered up until that time. At first, the idea of plate tectonics was treated like any other new scientific idea. Scientists tested it and examined the evidence very closely. New evidence was used to refine the idea so that it became a better and b ...
... This idea linked all the evidence which had been discovered up until that time. At first, the idea of plate tectonics was treated like any other new scientific idea. Scientists tested it and examined the evidence very closely. New evidence was used to refine the idea so that it became a better and b ...
Geophysics
Geophysics /dʒiːoʊfɪzɪks/ is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins go back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.