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File - Ms. D. Science CGPA
File - Ms. D. Science CGPA

... •Magma is a molten mixture of rockforming substances, gases, and water from the mantle. When magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. •After magma and lava cool, they form solid rock. ...
Rock On
Rock On

... The oldest type of all rocks is the igneous rock. The word igneous comes from the Greek word for “fire.” Igneous rocks are formed from molten lava or magma. The hardening and crystallizing of magma formed igneous rock. Magma is hot liquid rock that stays inside the earth, but once this hot liquid re ...
In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word
In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word

... began to split apart. Alexander Du Toit, Professor of Geology at Johannesburg University and one of Wegener's staunchest supporters, proposed that Pangaea first broke into two large continental landmasses, Laurasia in the northern hemisphere and Gondwanaland in the southern hemisphere. Laurasia and ...
12.2 The Geologic Time Scale
12.2 The Geologic Time Scale

... The geologic time scale divides Earth’s history based on major past events. Tollund Man: • Died about 2200 years ago in what is now Denmark. • Details such as his skin and hair were preserved by the bog in which he was found. ...
IASbaba.com IASbaba`s Daily Prelims Test [Day 40]
IASbaba.com IASbaba`s Daily Prelims Test [Day 40]

... Steepness increases the weathering rate. The weathered rocks are easily removed by gravity, flowing water, moving wind etc if the steepness is higher thus exposing new rocks for weathering thereby increasing its rate. Mechanical weathering is higher in drier regions as there exists higher diurnal te ...
Tectonic Impacts #2
Tectonic Impacts #2

...  Idea 1: The plates move because of convection currents in the asthenosphere which transfer heat from the lower mantle towards the crust. As the currents move they drag the plates with them (shear traction)  Idea 2: The higher density of cold rock compared to that of hot rock causes the lithospher ...
“V” points to the area upstream.
“V” points to the area upstream.

... Vocabulary: Waxing, Waning, Crescent, Revolution, Rotation, Axis Explain how the seasons are different between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. 3. Illustrate Earth’s four seasons showing the relationship between the Earth and the Sun. Explain how season’s would change if Earth’s axis was not ti ...
Mountain Building - AC Reynolds High
Mountain Building - AC Reynolds High

... continental-continental mountain building hardens beneath Earth’s surface to form granite batholiths. Another common characteristic of mountains that form when two continents collide is the presence of marine sedimentary rock near the mountains’ summits. Where do you think this rock comes from? Such ...
tongariro national park
tongariro national park

... Divergent boundaries Divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crus ...
Chapter 2 - College Test bank - get test bank and solution manual
Chapter 2 - College Test bank - get test bank and solution manual

... front of the room, have each pair separate, one going left and the other to the right. When they reach the front of the room, have the students hold their arms up if the instructor's arms are up, or leave them down if the instructor's arms are down.  In this way, the plates grow at the front of the ...
Warm- up Question Draw: A divergent, convergent
Warm- up Question Draw: A divergent, convergent

... Strike-slip fault Mountain belt Mountain range Mountain system Plateau Volcanic mountain Graben Folded mountain Dome mountain Fault-block mountain Fault PLane ...
File - Etna FFA Agriculture
File - Etna FFA Agriculture

... (come together head on), the leading edge of one plate is bent downward, allowing it to slide beneath the other. ...
015 convection currents.notebook
015 convection currents.notebook

File
File

... Low-velocity zone ...
Exploring Plate Tectonics
Exploring Plate Tectonics

... in the chain occurred around  million years ago. Prior to that time, the Pacific plate was moving in a north-northwest direction, then abruptly (in geologic time, anyway) changed to a more west-northwest direction. Other seamount chains in the Pacific show a similar pattern. Sudden changes in plat ...
The Nature and Cause of Earthquakes
The Nature and Cause of Earthquakes

... Tectonic loading of faults: Plate tectonics: A theory of global tectonics in which the lithosphere is divided into a number of plates that act like rigid bodies and that interact with one another at their boundaries causing earthquakes, volcanism and deformation. ...
Weathering and Erosion
Weathering and Erosion

... erode it, changing features on the surface • Glaciers then carry eroded material along and deposit it somewhere else. • There are 2 types of glaciers: Continental and Valley Glaciers ...
Americas, Asia will join to form a supercontinent
Americas, Asia will join to form a supercontinent

... forming a new supercontinent like ones that existed many millions of years ago. What’s not certain is where that supercontinent will be. The authors of a new Nature study suggest that the next supercontinent, dubbed Amasia, will join together up in the Arctic. Antarctica, though, would stay by its l ...
Earth Structure - Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics
Earth Structure - Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics

... Oceanic crust can all be subdivided into the same distinct layers, worldwide. Continental crust is very heterogeneous, reflecting its complex history and the fact that different regions of continental crust formed in different ways. ...
Ch 9 Earth Science PPT
Ch 9 Earth Science PPT

... several fossil organisms found on different continents. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Despite the evidence that Wegener collected to support his theory, other scientist rejected his ideas because Wegener could not come up with a feasible means for how the continents moved. Wegener suggested that the continents plowed through the rocks on the oceans floor. This was easily disproved b ...
1 Geothermics Chapter 17 HW Answers General questions and
1 Geothermics Chapter 17 HW Answers General questions and

... (Achimedes  Principle  chap.  9).  Buoyancy  forces  arise  in  the  earth’s  mantle  because  hot  regions  are  less  dense (under mid ocean ridges) and cold regions (subducting slabs) are more dense. This change in density   due to changes in temperature, when multiply by little‐g,   produce the  ...
Plate Tectonics Graham Cracker Lab File
Plate Tectonics Graham Cracker Lab File

... collide. When oceanic plates collide with continental plates, the less dense oceanic moves under the continental plate in a process called subduction. When two continental plates collide, mountains form. Divergent – Places where plates are moving apart, forming rift valleys. Transform – Places where ...
the Plate Tectonics Revision Sheet
the Plate Tectonics Revision Sheet

... Use this with your notes. You need to add detailed case study information ...
Investigating tectonic-erosion interactions
Investigating tectonic-erosion interactions

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Geophysics



Geophysics /dʒiːoʊfɪzɪks/ is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins go back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.
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