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Lecture 6
Lecture 6

... Let F be a field and let F [x] denote all polynomials p(x) in x with coefficients in F . This is not a field but it is pretty easy to make it into one. Let F (x) denote all rational functions in x, that is the quotient of two polynomials p(x)/q(x) where q(x) is not the zero polynomial. In other word ...
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... We continue from “part I” our address of the following situation. For a Tychonoff space Y, the “second epi-topology” σ is a certain topology on C(Y), which has arisen from the theory of categorical epimorphisms in a category of lattice-ordered groups. The topology σ is always Hausdorff, and σ intera ...
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... homeomorphism of Vα onto U for each α, then we call p a covering map, and Y is said to be a covering space of X. We say that a covering map, ρ : X 7→ Y is two to one, denoted 2 : 1, if for each y ∈ Y , |ρ−1 (y)| = 2, i.e. its pre-image is two distinct points in X. This pre-image is referred to as th ...
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... Prove that the ideal I and J are co maximal if and only if their radicals are co maximal. Prove that R is a local ring if and only if it has a unique maximal ideal. Prove that a primary ideal need not be a power of a prime ideal. Prove that if R is a Noetherian ring so is R [x]. Prove that in an Art ...
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Dual space

In mathematics, any vector space V has a corresponding dual vector space (or just dual space for short) consisting of all linear functionals on V together with a naturally induced linear structure. Dual vector spaces for finite-dimensional vector spaces show up in tensor analysis. When applied to vector spaces of functions (which are typically infinite-dimensional), dual spaces are used to describe measures, distributions, and Hilbert spaces. Consequently, the dual space is an important concept in functional analysis.There are two types of dual spaces: the algebraic dual space, and the continuous dual space. The algebraic dual space is defined for all vector spaces. When defined for a topological vector space there is a subspace of this dual space, corresponding to continuous linear functionals, which constitutes a continuous dual space.
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