Economic Development in Africa and Europe
... production of cash crops for export was expanding rapidly under favourable terms of trade (Havinden and Meredith 1996; Hopkins, 1973).2 Many countries then experienced a sharp reversal during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when export prices declined. In Tanzania, this reversal was sufficiently ...
... production of cash crops for export was expanding rapidly under favourable terms of trade (Havinden and Meredith 1996; Hopkins, 1973).2 Many countries then experienced a sharp reversal during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when export prices declined. In Tanzania, this reversal was sufficiently ...
On global economic history A personal view on an agenda for future
... data is by using a logarithmic scale; this will show the changes in the growth of world population before the 18th century much more clearly. I suggest however to go one step further, and also introduce a logarithmic scale on the horizontal (time) axis. Statisticians and economic historians who have ...
... data is by using a logarithmic scale; this will show the changes in the growth of world population before the 18th century much more clearly. I suggest however to go one step further, and also introduce a logarithmic scale on the horizontal (time) axis. Statisticians and economic historians who have ...
The Relative Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies
... countries in 1974-75 entered their most severe recession since the 1930s. The recession was brought on primarily by restrictive monetary and fiscal policies coupled with the dramatic rise in petroleum prices during 1973-74. Since early 1976 there have been some recovery, but unemployment continues t ...
... countries in 1974-75 entered their most severe recession since the 1930s. The recession was brought on primarily by restrictive monetary and fiscal policies coupled with the dramatic rise in petroleum prices during 1973-74. Since early 1976 there have been some recovery, but unemployment continues t ...
The Public Sector, Privatization, and Development in Sub
... Abstract: At the time of independence, nearly all African countries identified capitalism with neocolonialism and therefore adopted a statist approach to economic development, with government being the major instrument of development. As a result, the size of the public sector grew through the creat ...
... Abstract: At the time of independence, nearly all African countries identified capitalism with neocolonialism and therefore adopted a statist approach to economic development, with government being the major instrument of development. As a result, the size of the public sector grew through the creat ...
On Why Current Definitions of Economic Recessions Are
... U.S. housing bubble that led to fall of large financial institutions or its bailout by national governments, and to large share drops around the world. In European Union the crisis started in the second quarter of 2008 with the decline of 0.4 % of real GDP quarterly from the preceding period. After ...
... U.S. housing bubble that led to fall of large financial institutions or its bailout by national governments, and to large share drops around the world. In European Union the crisis started in the second quarter of 2008 with the decline of 0.4 % of real GDP quarterly from the preceding period. After ...
From Partnership to - Angola Embassy in Belgrade, Serbia
... initiatives are also considered as part of these national priority projects. ■ The importance of ...
... initiatives are also considered as part of these national priority projects. ■ The importance of ...
Unclassified DAF/COMP/GF/WD(2013)
... the above sectors which in turn led to the establishment of allied companies which are mainly locally owned. The entities under new management were recapitalised by new capital and increased their efficiencies and output and also offered more employment and business opportunities for the local peopl ...
... the above sectors which in turn led to the establishment of allied companies which are mainly locally owned. The entities under new management were recapitalised by new capital and increased their efficiencies and output and also offered more employment and business opportunities for the local peopl ...
the paper
... C it was the towns and cities of northern Britain – in the regions of the North West, North East and Yorkshire-Humberside – that were the country’s economic ‘powerhouses’. Throughout the long Victorian period, so the argument runs, the ‘North’ was the most dynamic and prosperous p ...
... C it was the towns and cities of northern Britain – in the regions of the North West, North East and Yorkshire-Humberside – that were the country’s economic ‘powerhouses’. Throughout the long Victorian period, so the argument runs, the ‘North’ was the most dynamic and prosperous p ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... attempts to reduce economic instability in the large (of which business cycles, broadly defined, are a primary manifestation) may alter the structure of the economy and thereby change the character of its cyclical fluctuations; and such effects are not necessarily limited to successful attempts only ...
... attempts to reduce economic instability in the large (of which business cycles, broadly defined, are a primary manifestation) may alter the structure of the economy and thereby change the character of its cyclical fluctuations; and such effects are not necessarily limited to successful attempts only ...
Impact of Dual-Use Goods and Technology - Econ
... qualities attract an increasing number of buyers and sellers into its web of relations. The motivation of the entrants is the desire to accumulate money, which can eventually be exchanged for an even wider range of goods and services. Because of money’s efficiency, other primitive forms of exchange ...
... qualities attract an increasing number of buyers and sellers into its web of relations. The motivation of the entrants is the desire to accumulate money, which can eventually be exchanged for an even wider range of goods and services. Because of money’s efficiency, other primitive forms of exchange ...
Anonymity, Effi ciency Wages and Technological
... LNP consider a fully anonymous environment where wage levels change the level of labour division to improve the monitoring of workers’e¤ort and the production of innovations. In our paper, the capacity of monitoring is given, but the level of anonymity, hence the capacity of punishment of shirking w ...
... LNP consider a fully anonymous environment where wage levels change the level of labour division to improve the monitoring of workers’e¤ort and the production of innovations. In our paper, the capacity of monitoring is given, but the level of anonymity, hence the capacity of punishment of shirking w ...
CURRICULUM VITAE - Brookings Institution
... Senior Fellow, FDIC Center for Financial Research, 2003-2008. Member, Advisory Committee on Cyclical Indicators, Conference Board, 1996-2009. Member, Central Bank Governance Forum, Bank for International Settlements, 2006-10. Academic Adviser, Study Group on Policy Committees, BIS, 2007-09. Member o ...
... Senior Fellow, FDIC Center for Financial Research, 2003-2008. Member, Advisory Committee on Cyclical Indicators, Conference Board, 1996-2009. Member, Central Bank Governance Forum, Bank for International Settlements, 2006-10. Academic Adviser, Study Group on Policy Committees, BIS, 2007-09. Member o ...
The Emergence of Complexity in Economics
... rationality. Economic complexity is not simply a matter of things being “complicated,” although some have viewed it this way, and certainly economic reality is both “complicated” as well as complex in the sense that has increasingly come to be accepted as most relevant for economics. At the risk of ...
... rationality. Economic complexity is not simply a matter of things being “complicated,” although some have viewed it this way, and certainly economic reality is both “complicated” as well as complex in the sense that has increasingly come to be accepted as most relevant for economics. At the risk of ...
The Free Trade Debate: A Left Keynesian Gaze Thomas I. Palley
... employment conditions, social security laws, pollution rights, etc.) in a free trade relationship. The similarity of these characteristics is important, because it means that they are of reduced significance. This is because their impact on costs is broadly equal across countries, so that free trade ...
... employment conditions, social security laws, pollution rights, etc.) in a free trade relationship. The similarity of these characteristics is important, because it means that they are of reduced significance. This is because their impact on costs is broadly equal across countries, so that free trade ...
From Liberal Continentalism to Neoconservatism
... thesis that the emergence of think tanks is linked to economic crisis and the desire of business to harness the interventionist state to its advantage. Pal concludes that think tanks like the CDHI, Fraser Institute, and Institute for Research on Public Policy "have enlarged the terms of political di ...
... thesis that the emergence of think tanks is linked to economic crisis and the desire of business to harness the interventionist state to its advantage. Pal concludes that think tanks like the CDHI, Fraser Institute, and Institute for Research on Public Policy "have enlarged the terms of political di ...
PDF
... industry would be essential to maintain appropriate level of competition, Ministry of Defense promoted an extensive research programme with an access to the funds and subsidies which would be granted to federal laboratories, tertiary education entities and industry (Mowery and Simcoe, 2002; Greenste ...
... industry would be essential to maintain appropriate level of competition, Ministry of Defense promoted an extensive research programme with an access to the funds and subsidies which would be granted to federal laboratories, tertiary education entities and industry (Mowery and Simcoe, 2002; Greenste ...
THE POLISH CRISIS: ECONOMIC FACTORS AND CONSTRAINTS
... Hungarian lines. A t the same time it created an environment in which economic reform could not be introduced or was bound to fail because the activation of markets does not allow enterprises and consumers t o assert their choices and make the economy more efficient-if ever they can-in a situation o ...
... Hungarian lines. A t the same time it created an environment in which economic reform could not be introduced or was bound to fail because the activation of markets does not allow enterprises and consumers t o assert their choices and make the economy more efficient-if ever they can-in a situation o ...
János Kornai`s Comparative Theory and Defense of Capitalism
... characteristics of a given system, and its general coherence: this was true for both classical socialism and capitalism. This approach is akin to the notion of institutional complementarities later developed by some institutional economists (Aoki, 2001, Amable, 2003) at the level of national forms o ...
... characteristics of a given system, and its general coherence: this was true for both classical socialism and capitalism. This approach is akin to the notion of institutional complementarities later developed by some institutional economists (Aoki, 2001, Amable, 2003) at the level of national forms o ...
research paper series Research Paper 2005/30
... complexity and subtlety of the mechanism of comparative advantage. However, three dates can be singled out as turning points in the intellectual history of comparative advantage. In 1817 David Ricardo discovered the mechanism. In 1930 Gottfried Haberler initiated its modern opportunity cost formulat ...
... complexity and subtlety of the mechanism of comparative advantage. However, three dates can be singled out as turning points in the intellectual history of comparative advantage. In 1817 David Ricardo discovered the mechanism. In 1930 Gottfried Haberler initiated its modern opportunity cost formulat ...
Keynesianism and the Scandinavian Models of - unu
... emphasis on effective demand can be legitimized by the fact that these counries had already passed through their industrialization process and possessed a settled production structure relatively undisturbet by the war. These countries were also relatively closed in the sense that domestic demand occ ...
... emphasis on effective demand can be legitimized by the fact that these counries had already passed through their industrialization process and possessed a settled production structure relatively undisturbet by the war. These countries were also relatively closed in the sense that domestic demand occ ...
democracy and economic growth in argentina
... In 1952, a reelected Perón began his term with an economic crisis, although he was still very popular among the masses. In order to keep financing his policies he needed to print money, which led to an overflow of the money supply that made inflation rise to 31% (Dornbusch and Edwards 1991). Even t ...
... In 1952, a reelected Perón began his term with an economic crisis, although he was still very popular among the masses. In order to keep financing his policies he needed to print money, which led to an overflow of the money supply that made inflation rise to 31% (Dornbusch and Edwards 1991). Even t ...
The Effect of Trade Openness and Economic Freedom on Economic
... Both the static and dynamic versions of the traditional trade theories suggest that openness to international trade leads higher national income. According to (static) traditional theories (i.e., the Ricardian and Hecksher-Ohlin theories), liberalization of trade in the form of lower barriers genera ...
... Both the static and dynamic versions of the traditional trade theories suggest that openness to international trade leads higher national income. According to (static) traditional theories (i.e., the Ricardian and Hecksher-Ohlin theories), liberalization of trade in the form of lower barriers genera ...
Macroeconomic populism
... of inflation, and an obvious foreign exchange gap lead to capital flight and demonetization of the economy. The budget deficit deteriorates violently because of a steep decline in tax collection and increasing subsidy costs. The government attempts to stabilize by cutting subsidies and by undertakin ...
... of inflation, and an obvious foreign exchange gap lead to capital flight and demonetization of the economy. The budget deficit deteriorates violently because of a steep decline in tax collection and increasing subsidy costs. The government attempts to stabilize by cutting subsidies and by undertakin ...
SEMINARIO DE HISTORIA
... normative meanings, it is often used to mean liberal, progressive or even left-wing nationalism. 23 Third, theories of fascism usually underestimate the fact that elements such as ancestry, history and soil, as well as the oft-mentioned palingenetic objective, may not be exclusive to fascistlike or ...
... normative meanings, it is often used to mean liberal, progressive or even left-wing nationalism. 23 Third, theories of fascism usually underestimate the fact that elements such as ancestry, history and soil, as well as the oft-mentioned palingenetic objective, may not be exclusive to fascistlike or ...
UK ECONOMIC FORECAST Q3 2012 – LAUNCH ISSUE BUSINESS WITH CoNfIdENCE icaew.com/ukeconomicforecast
... for the labour market are based on the historical correlations between BCM indicators and official economic data. Analysis 1 undertaken in 2011, by Cebr, ICAEW’s economic consultants, showed that BCM has successfully tracked these economic indicators. It pointed to the weakening economic environment ...
... for the labour market are based on the historical correlations between BCM indicators and official economic data. Analysis 1 undertaken in 2011, by Cebr, ICAEW’s economic consultants, showed that BCM has successfully tracked these economic indicators. It pointed to the weakening economic environment ...