Contents and summary observations
... based on agriculture and livestock breeding (36.7 per cent), trade, tourism and transport (23.6 per cent), and industry is not highly developed. Economic growth depends above all on trends in agriculture, which vary considerably depending on the rainfall as Niger has no control over its water resour ...
... based on agriculture and livestock breeding (36.7 per cent), trade, tourism and transport (23.6 per cent), and industry is not highly developed. Economic growth depends above all on trends in agriculture, which vary considerably depending on the rainfall as Niger has no control over its water resour ...
Asymmetric Granger Causality between Military Expenditures and
... well-documented by Dunne and Smith (2010), and this bi-directional causality between military expenditure and economic growth can be described as the following process: an increase in military expenditure tends in various ways (such as the demand and supply, and security effects) to impact economic ...
... well-documented by Dunne and Smith (2010), and this bi-directional causality between military expenditure and economic growth can be described as the following process: an increase in military expenditure tends in various ways (such as the demand and supply, and security effects) to impact economic ...
The Economics of Trade in Variety by Zhihao Yu
... effect and the latter is the variety effect. When the terms-of-trade effect is dominant, a country can gain by having more export varieties. This result might suggest a rationale for those export-promotion programs that aim to help domestic firms become new exporting firms or enter new foreign marke ...
... effect and the latter is the variety effect. When the terms-of-trade effect is dominant, a country can gain by having more export varieties. This result might suggest a rationale for those export-promotion programs that aim to help domestic firms become new exporting firms or enter new foreign marke ...
Seven Centuries of Economic Growth and Decline1
... data set of European towns greater than 5,000 inhabitants going back one thousand years is crucial for this approach. Urbanization rates offer an indicator of the share of non-agricultural activities, since town and city dwellers are not likely to be involved in arable or pastoral activities. Natura ...
... data set of European towns greater than 5,000 inhabitants going back one thousand years is crucial for this approach. Urbanization rates offer an indicator of the share of non-agricultural activities, since town and city dwellers are not likely to be involved in arable or pastoral activities. Natura ...
Inside Money Study Guide
... IMF is the main forum for examining an individual country’s economic policies in a global context. Many countries in the world at one time or another experience a crisis similar to that in Ruritania. At any given time in recent years, roughly one-third of the IMF’s members have been borrowers from t ...
... IMF is the main forum for examining an individual country’s economic policies in a global context. Many countries in the world at one time or another experience a crisis similar to that in Ruritania. At any given time in recent years, roughly one-third of the IMF’s members have been borrowers from t ...
BA_Semesters_I_to_VI.pdf
... Types and features of markets, Average and Marginal Revenue curves, Relationship between Average and Marginal Revenue curve – Short run and Lon run equilibrium of a perfectly competitive firm and industry under identical cost condition. References [All Latest Editions wherever applicable] ...
... Types and features of markets, Average and Marginal Revenue curves, Relationship between Average and Marginal Revenue curve – Short run and Lon run equilibrium of a perfectly competitive firm and industry under identical cost condition. References [All Latest Editions wherever applicable] ...
pse09 Legrenzi 9594767 en
... tion to deviations from a sustainable IBC. We also allow for possible asymmetries and/or non-linearities in the adjustment process, by using non-linear error-correction techniques. This approach provides the advantage of shedding some light to the causes of …scal disequilibria, by formally testing ...
... tion to deviations from a sustainable IBC. We also allow for possible asymmetries and/or non-linearities in the adjustment process, by using non-linear error-correction techniques. This approach provides the advantage of shedding some light to the causes of …scal disequilibria, by formally testing ...
Drivers of Long-Run Prosperity: Laying the Foundations for an
... of enforceable property rights for the economy12—that is, the right of control over an asset and the returns it may generate provides incentives to invest (in physical or human capital or technology), create, innovate, trade, and maintain. If physical or financial property cannot be acquired and sol ...
... of enforceable property rights for the economy12—that is, the right of control over an asset and the returns it may generate provides incentives to invest (in physical or human capital or technology), create, innovate, trade, and maintain. If physical or financial property cannot be acquired and sol ...
The Development of Informal Employment During the Financial
... although the statistical methods and data in which the error, but also vividly demonstrates the instability of the informal economy. In addition, IEC changes before IndGDP and PrvGDP changes, can see from the graph, IEC in June 2008 to September between the first pass through an adjustment, then an ...
... although the statistical methods and data in which the error, but also vividly demonstrates the instability of the informal economy. In addition, IEC changes before IndGDP and PrvGDP changes, can see from the graph, IEC in June 2008 to September between the first pass through an adjustment, then an ...
policy space
... sovereignty of nation states to make their own policy decisions (e.g. Gallagher, 2005; Hamwey, 2005; Abugattas and Paus, 2006; Brown and Stern, 2006; DiCaprio and Gallagher, 2006; Kumar and Gallagher, 2007). Most of these studies voice the concern that UR disciplines prevent developing countries fro ...
... sovereignty of nation states to make their own policy decisions (e.g. Gallagher, 2005; Hamwey, 2005; Abugattas and Paus, 2006; Brown and Stern, 2006; DiCaprio and Gallagher, 2006; Kumar and Gallagher, 2007). Most of these studies voice the concern that UR disciplines prevent developing countries fro ...
Industrialization and Economic Growth Relationship in Nigeria
... developed countries (LCD’S) industrialization has come to be the key to the development proves. They tried to give reasons for the appeal of compelling urge for industrialization despite the abundant agriculture and mineral resources. Intheir opinion export. Oyejide (1975) supported this view, altho ...
... developed countries (LCD’S) industrialization has come to be the key to the development proves. They tried to give reasons for the appeal of compelling urge for industrialization despite the abundant agriculture and mineral resources. Intheir opinion export. Oyejide (1975) supported this view, altho ...
The Macroeconomics of Radical Uncertainty
... behaviors of individual agents alone. This also implies that the agents themselves will not be able to predict the macro consequences of their actions and are hence subject to radical uncertainty. It should have become clear that CAS have very different properties than conventional equilibrium model ...
... behaviors of individual agents alone. This also implies that the agents themselves will not be able to predict the macro consequences of their actions and are hence subject to radical uncertainty. It should have become clear that CAS have very different properties than conventional equilibrium model ...
time inconsistency of policy
... • Monetary policy has a much shorter inside lag than fiscal policy, for a central bank can decide on and implement a policy change in less than a day but monetary policy has substantial outside lag – Monetary policy works by changing the money supply and thereby interest rates, which in turn influen ...
... • Monetary policy has a much shorter inside lag than fiscal policy, for a central bank can decide on and implement a policy change in less than a day but monetary policy has substantial outside lag – Monetary policy works by changing the money supply and thereby interest rates, which in turn influen ...
Industrialisation and Inequality in Thailand*
... Office of Fiscal Policy (1960) were also established. This period saw the second rudimentary institutional change after the Chakri Kings had undertaken political and economic reforms in the mid-nineteen century. The multiple exchange rate regime and large-scale state enterprises came to an end. The ...
... Office of Fiscal Policy (1960) were also established. This period saw the second rudimentary institutional change after the Chakri Kings had undertaken political and economic reforms in the mid-nineteen century. The multiple exchange rate regime and large-scale state enterprises came to an end. The ...
From Kautilya`s The Arthashastra to modern economics
... and Brahmins without taxes or fines, and without the right to sale or mortgage. Agricultural policy was set in accordance with the type of land under disposition. Non-arable lands were given to cultivators, or to slaves that were employed to work on the land. Another important aspect in Kautilya’s t ...
... and Brahmins without taxes or fines, and without the right to sale or mortgage. Agricultural policy was set in accordance with the type of land under disposition. Non-arable lands were given to cultivators, or to slaves that were employed to work on the land. Another important aspect in Kautilya’s t ...
this publication - Chr. Michelsen Institute
... country has to provide “… the scientific and communications infrastructure that high ...
... country has to provide “… the scientific and communications infrastructure that high ...
Chapter 1
... higher by 3.5% to RM261.3 billion, supported by improved revenue performance and better expenditure management. Sustained investment activity, resilient private consumption and stable commodity prices are expected to boost Federal Government revenue by 6% to RM220.4 billion, thus improving the fisca ...
... higher by 3.5% to RM261.3 billion, supported by improved revenue performance and better expenditure management. Sustained investment activity, resilient private consumption and stable commodity prices are expected to boost Federal Government revenue by 6% to RM220.4 billion, thus improving the fisca ...
Economic Vulnerability and Resilience
... therefore a nurtured resilience issue.7 Practical experience however shows that trade policies tend to influence more the type of a country’s external trade flows rather than the degree of economic openness. Countries with a relatively small domestic market have very few options but to resort to exp ...
... therefore a nurtured resilience issue.7 Practical experience however shows that trade policies tend to influence more the type of a country’s external trade flows rather than the degree of economic openness. Countries with a relatively small domestic market have very few options but to resort to exp ...
On the Functions for Government to Promote Low-carbon Economic Development
... the economic entities which regard the pursuit of profit maximization as their goal do not consciously go for energy technology innovations or the use of clean energy. Market mechanisms can not adjust spontaneously low-carbon economy conducts. Economic entities often do not have the inherent incenti ...
... the economic entities which regard the pursuit of profit maximization as their goal do not consciously go for energy technology innovations or the use of clean energy. Market mechanisms can not adjust spontaneously low-carbon economy conducts. Economic entities often do not have the inherent incenti ...
Welfare State - Andrew Nutter on the web
... The reason I think it is important to set out the basics of the notion of welfare in such detail is that it directly affects both how the welfare state is perceived politically and how welfare policy is implemented. Indeed, different governments may pursue objectives according to which definition of ...
... The reason I think it is important to set out the basics of the notion of welfare in such detail is that it directly affects both how the welfare state is perceived politically and how welfare policy is implemented. Indeed, different governments may pursue objectives according to which definition of ...
Munich Annual Economic Report
... available to it in order to ease the pressure on the housing market. The labor market is already showing signs of the challenges that lie ahead: The shortage of skilled labor will place a burden on the supply side. Especially in a city like Munich, it is vital to satisfy vigorous demand for so many ...
... available to it in order to ease the pressure on the housing market. The labor market is already showing signs of the challenges that lie ahead: The shortage of skilled labor will place a burden on the supply side. Especially in a city like Munich, it is vital to satisfy vigorous demand for so many ...
DOWNLOAD PAPER
... Frank (1999) used LANDLOCK as an instrument of openness. This arose from the idea that geographic characteristics of each country provided advantages or created limitations for that country in trade with the rest of the world. Therefore, I have borrowed from Frank the use of LANDLOCK as a potential ...
... Frank (1999) used LANDLOCK as an instrument of openness. This arose from the idea that geographic characteristics of each country provided advantages or created limitations for that country in trade with the rest of the world. Therefore, I have borrowed from Frank the use of LANDLOCK as a potential ...
So for some reason, you are going to be teaching
... Bethune [1992] limited his review of HOT texts to traditional textbooks, but a history of economics course is particularly suited to using a variety of readings. You can easily spice up your course with more entertaining material than a textbook. What can be called the scholarly trade book is a more ...
... Bethune [1992] limited his review of HOT texts to traditional textbooks, but a history of economics course is particularly suited to using a variety of readings. You can easily spice up your course with more entertaining material than a textbook. What can be called the scholarly trade book is a more ...
The shadow economy in industrial countries
... Up to half the variance of the differences in the size of the shadow economy across countries can be explained by this factor, depending on the model and number of factors included. Since taxes affect the labor-leisure choice and stimulate labor supply in the shadow economy, the distorting effect of ...
... Up to half the variance of the differences in the size of the shadow economy across countries can be explained by this factor, depending on the model and number of factors included. Since taxes affect the labor-leisure choice and stimulate labor supply in the shadow economy, the distorting effect of ...
Natural Catastrophes: A Canadian Economic Perspective
... becoming more common in Canada, with storms that used to occur once every forty years now occurring once every six, in some regions of the country1. Changes in weather patterns are not fully responsible for the increased incidence of natural catastrophes in Canada, as socioeconomic factors have also ...
... becoming more common in Canada, with storms that used to occur once every forty years now occurring once every six, in some regions of the country1. Changes in weather patterns are not fully responsible for the increased incidence of natural catastrophes in Canada, as socioeconomic factors have also ...