holiday homework
... 70. Write down dimensional formula for K (*the proportionality constant in Coulomb’s law) 71. What will be the dimensional formula for electric field? 72. For what orientation does an electric dipole experience a zero torque but non zero force in a non uniform electric field? 73. Define dielectric s ...
... 70. Write down dimensional formula for K (*the proportionality constant in Coulomb’s law) 71. What will be the dimensional formula for electric field? 72. For what orientation does an electric dipole experience a zero torque but non zero force in a non uniform electric field? 73. Define dielectric s ...
Physics, Chapter 31: Forces on Moving Charges and Currents
... when placed in magnetic fields. Later it was shown that charged particles moving in magnetic fields also experience forces. Common applications of these phenomena are the electric motor, the galvanometer, and the cathoderay tube. Since a moving electric charge is equivalent to a current, we shall fi ...
... when placed in magnetic fields. Later it was shown that charged particles moving in magnetic fields also experience forces. Common applications of these phenomena are the electric motor, the galvanometer, and the cathoderay tube. Since a moving electric charge is equivalent to a current, we shall fi ...
Department of Physics and Applied Physics 95.141, F2010, Lecture 10
... Department of Physics and Applied Physics ...
... Department of Physics and Applied Physics ...
Fundamental interaction
Fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions in physical systems that don't appear to be reducible to more basic interactions. There are four conventionally accepted fundamental interactions—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. Each one is understood as the dynamics of a field. The gravitational force is modeled as a continuous classical field. The other three are each modeled as discrete quantum fields, and exhibit a measurable unit or elementary particle.Gravitation and electromagnetism act over a potentially infinite distance across the universe. They mediate macroscopic phenomena every day. The other two fields act over minuscule, subatomic distances. The strong nuclear interaction is responsible for the binding of atomic nuclei. The weak nuclear interaction also acts on the nucleus, mediating radioactive decay.Theoretical physicists working beyond the Standard Model seek to quantize the gravitational field toward predictions that particle physicists can experimentally confirm, thus yielding acceptance to a theory of quantum gravity (QG). (Phenomena suitable to model as a fifth force—perhaps an added gravitational effect—remain widely disputed). Other theorists seek to unite the electroweak and strong fields within a Grand Unified Theory (GUT). While all four fundamental interactions are widely thought to align at an extremely minuscule scale, particle accelerators cannot produce the massive energy levels required to experimentally probe at that Planck scale (which would experimentally confirm such theories). Yet some theories, such as the string theory, seek both QG and GUT within one framework, unifying all four fundamental interactions along with mass generation within a theory of everything (ToE).