Generalization of Fear Effects in Reinstatement to a Discrete Stimulus
... If, after acquisition of the CR, the CS is presented repeatedly without the US, a decrease in conditioned responding is observed, a phenomenon called extinction (Pavlov, 1927). Since a common understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders implicate c ...
... If, after acquisition of the CR, the CS is presented repeatedly without the US, a decrease in conditioned responding is observed, a phenomenon called extinction (Pavlov, 1927). Since a common understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders implicate c ...
NORMATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AVERSIVE
... etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, extant research on learning processes and associated organismic factors in anxiety disorders remains limited. First, there is an exclusive focus on fear learning, despite research suggesting that disgust is the primary emotional response to thr ...
... etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, extant research on learning processes and associated organismic factors in anxiety disorders remains limited. First, there is an exclusive focus on fear learning, despite research suggesting that disgust is the primary emotional response to thr ...
Anxiety - Gordon State College
... disorders, arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly • This view is best illustrated by Carl Rogers’ explanation: – Lack of “unconditional positive regard” in childhood leads to “conditions of worth” (harsh self‐standards) – These threatening self‐judgments break thro ...
... disorders, arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly • This view is best illustrated by Carl Rogers’ explanation: – Lack of “unconditional positive regard” in childhood leads to “conditions of worth” (harsh self‐standards) – These threatening self‐judgments break thro ...
Astrology and Meaningfulness:
... when she reflected on the meaning of Pluto transit over her natal Sun. She viewed Pluto as a “destroyer” of her old sense of self, devastating her life but ultimately bringing her on the path of psychological healing and a new professional purpose. Astrology provided a unique framework within which ...
... when she reflected on the meaning of Pluto transit over her natal Sun. She viewed Pluto as a “destroyer” of her old sense of self, devastating her life but ultimately bringing her on the path of psychological healing and a new professional purpose. Astrology provided a unique framework within which ...
Student Questions/Comments
... actions and behaviors. He gives an example of someone who might be more inclined to vote in a political election by his own accord, while another person might need a nudge to do so. This seems to me a matter of individual differences, and I was also thinking of the role of individual differences in ...
... actions and behaviors. He gives an example of someone who might be more inclined to vote in a political election by his own accord, while another person might need a nudge to do so. This seems to me a matter of individual differences, and I was also thinking of the role of individual differences in ...
Fig 1 - Reading`s CentAUR
... of discrimination, suggesting greater threat generalization, are found for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [12], panic disorder [13] and generalized anxiety disorder [14, 15]. Currently, it is still under debate whether threat generalization behavior exists before disorder onset ...
... of discrimination, suggesting greater threat generalization, are found for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [12], panic disorder [13] and generalized anxiety disorder [14, 15]. Currently, it is still under debate whether threat generalization behavior exists before disorder onset ...
1 - Wofford
... 14. The relative (not just absolute) amount of reinforcement is an important factor in instrumental conditioning. Describe a published experiment that demonstrates this point. 15. What are positive and negative behavioral contrast effects? How are they measured? 16. A teacher says that psychology re ...
... 14. The relative (not just absolute) amount of reinforcement is an important factor in instrumental conditioning. Describe a published experiment that demonstrates this point. 15. What are positive and negative behavioral contrast effects? How are they measured? 16. A teacher says that psychology re ...
Fundamentals of Phobias
... A: Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood) B: Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, ...
... A: Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood) B: Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, ...
Acquisition of Behavioral Avoidance
... This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. ...
... This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. ...
Chapter 5 Karen Horney
... Personal development competitiveness: an attitude in which the primary focus is not primarily on the outcome (i.e., winning), but rather more on the enjoyment and mastery of the task – Individuals are more concerned with self-discovery, self-improvement, and task mastery than with comparisons with o ...
... Personal development competitiveness: an attitude in which the primary focus is not primarily on the outcome (i.e., winning), but rather more on the enjoyment and mastery of the task – Individuals are more concerned with self-discovery, self-improvement, and task mastery than with comparisons with o ...
Conditioning - WordPress.com
... that there is no evidence that they have been more frequently associated with aversive events). ...
... that there is no evidence that they have been more frequently associated with aversive events). ...
Randomness increases self-reported anxiety and
... Several decades of research has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in performance monitoring (Botvinick et al., 2001). Specifically, researchers have proposed that the ACC may be involved in monitoring the consistency between predictions and outcomes, and in driving b ...
... Several decades of research has demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in performance monitoring (Botvinick et al., 2001). Specifically, researchers have proposed that the ACC may be involved in monitoring the consistency between predictions and outcomes, and in driving b ...
Anxiety Disorders 2017 Class Handouts
... The following medical conditions have nothing to do with irrational fears. However, each usually has a psychological disorder of the same name which is an irrational fear. The behavior of an individual with the medical condition can be similar to the behavior of an individual with the psychological ...
... The following medical conditions have nothing to do with irrational fears. However, each usually has a psychological disorder of the same name which is an irrational fear. The behavior of an individual with the medical condition can be similar to the behavior of an individual with the psychological ...
Behavioural explanation
... that there is no evidence that they have been more frequently associated with aversive events). ...
... that there is no evidence that they have been more frequently associated with aversive events). ...
State Anxiety.
... Anxiety is a signal of impending danger acquired by the process of conditioning that triggers action by the individual. ...
... Anxiety is a signal of impending danger acquired by the process of conditioning that triggers action by the individual. ...
Abrams_Comments on M.. - the Smith college streaming media server
... param- eters placed around it. It suffers from at least two general shortcomings. First, it over-implicates self-esteem in intergroup behaviour; self-esteem can, under some conditions, be incidental or even irrelevant. The posited "need for positive self-esteem" has no more logical link with manifes ...
... param- eters placed around it. It suffers from at least two general shortcomings. First, it over-implicates self-esteem in intergroup behaviour; self-esteem can, under some conditions, be incidental or even irrelevant. The posited "need for positive self-esteem" has no more logical link with manifes ...
Do women feel worse to look their best?
... translating into reproductive success. Over evolutionary history, individuals who were most motivated to intensify mate-value-enhancement efforts when fertility was high would have had the greatest likelihood of having their efforts translate into successful mate acquisition and reproductive success ...
... translating into reproductive success. Over evolutionary history, individuals who were most motivated to intensify mate-value-enhancement efforts when fertility was high would have had the greatest likelihood of having their efforts translate into successful mate acquisition and reproductive success ...
Phobias - Honzoda
... Clown costumes tend to exaggerate the facial features and some body parts, such as hands and feet and noses. This can be read as monstrous or deformed as easily as it can be read as comical. Some have suggested, however, that a fear of clowns may stem from early childhood experience, when infants be ...
... Clown costumes tend to exaggerate the facial features and some body parts, such as hands and feet and noses. This can be read as monstrous or deformed as easily as it can be read as comical. Some have suggested, however, that a fear of clowns may stem from early childhood experience, when infants be ...
paper - LEMMA – Lab of Existential Motivation, Metaphor
... existence will inevitably end and the recognition that potentially lethal events can never be fully anticipated or controlled. This knowledge, juxtaposed with a predisposition for survival, creates the potential for debilitating terror. Humankind mitigated the potential for terror that results from ...
... existence will inevitably end and the recognition that potentially lethal events can never be fully anticipated or controlled. This knowledge, juxtaposed with a predisposition for survival, creates the potential for debilitating terror. Humankind mitigated the potential for terror that results from ...
Do People`s Self
... multiple factors, many of which may be rivals of the particular predictor variable the researcher is studying. To compensate for the influence of such rival predictors, the specificity matching principle holds that the specificity of predictors and criteria should be matched. When the predictor vari ...
... multiple factors, many of which may be rivals of the particular predictor variable the researcher is studying. To compensate for the influence of such rival predictors, the specificity matching principle holds that the specificity of predictors and criteria should be matched. When the predictor vari ...
Psychological Review, 46, 553-65. A STIMULUS - s-f
... However, any attempt to establish this pattern of stimulus substitution as the prototype of all learning places severe restrictions on the limits of adaptive behavior: it implies that the only reactions that can become attached to formerly unrelated stimuli (i.e., can be learned) are those which alr ...
... However, any attempt to establish this pattern of stimulus substitution as the prototype of all learning places severe restrictions on the limits of adaptive behavior: it implies that the only reactions that can become attached to formerly unrelated stimuli (i.e., can be learned) are those which alr ...
Exploration of the Relationship between Self
... is defined as an ‘‘internal, subjective marker’’ of an individual’s level of inclusion (Leary, 2003, p. 271). Specifically, Leary (1999) posited that self-esteem is more strongly related to individuals’ beliefs about others’ evaluations of them than their own self-evaluations. According to sociomete ...
... is defined as an ‘‘internal, subjective marker’’ of an individual’s level of inclusion (Leary, 2003, p. 271). Specifically, Leary (1999) posited that self-esteem is more strongly related to individuals’ beliefs about others’ evaluations of them than their own self-evaluations. According to sociomete ...
understanding and managing anxiety 2016
... one or in anticipation of taking a test. o In fact, anxiety is necessary for optimal functioning - without anxiety we would probably never do things we did not want to do. Anxiety becomes a problem when it interferes with the ability to function. Anxiety disorders are the most common type of psy ...
... one or in anticipation of taking a test. o In fact, anxiety is necessary for optimal functioning - without anxiety we would probably never do things we did not want to do. Anxiety becomes a problem when it interferes with the ability to function. Anxiety disorders are the most common type of psy ...
UNDERSTANDING AND HELPING YOUR CHILD MANAGE ANXIETY
... Fears and worries are normal and expected, such as worry about a loved one or in anticipation of taking a test. o In fact, anxiety is necessary for optimal functioning - without anxiety we would probably never do things we did not want to do. Anxiety becomes a problem when it interferes with the ...
... Fears and worries are normal and expected, such as worry about a loved one or in anticipation of taking a test. o In fact, anxiety is necessary for optimal functioning - without anxiety we would probably never do things we did not want to do. Anxiety becomes a problem when it interferes with the ...