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WHAT WE CHOOSE: ETHICS FOR UNITARIAN UNIVERSALISTS A
WHAT WE CHOOSE: ETHICS FOR UNITARIAN UNIVERSALISTS A

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two-column Word document - Unitarian Universalist Association
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... you plan a workshop, apply your knowledge of your group, the time and space you have available, and your personal strengths as a leader to determine the most important and achievable goals for the workshop. Choose the activities that will best serve those goals. Learning Objectives. Learning Objecti ...
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... be both.) Weberian sociology thus presupposes but cannot conceptualise substantive rationality (substantive change.) This is not simply a difficulty for Weberian sociologists. It is the essential problem with any theory that posits human consciousness as purely active and the objective world as pure ...
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... others? Pay attention to how you treat people with whom you have a relationship, as well as strangers. Investigate if groups you support—with money, with time, or by distributing information— ground their work in relationship with those whom they serve. Do these groups invite you to put yourself in ...
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Human Agency as Primary (Social Construction of Technology, user-)

... external to objective reality where people are the ones transforming reality into a “meaningful picture”, but people appropriate meanings and values from social-cultural world. (50, Nardi) People do not just “see” reality but must be able to “relate” to reality (50, Nardi). Activity Theory is proces ...
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AMPED: A Cluster, Randomised, Controlled Trial of a School

1

Activity theory

Activity theory (AT; Russian: Теория деятельности) is an umbrella term for a line of eclectic social sciences theories and research with its roots in the Soviet psychological activity theory pioneered by Lev Vygotsky, Alexei Leont'ev and Sergei Rubinstein. These scholars sought to understand human activities as complex, socially situated phenomena and to go beyond paradigms of reflexology (the teaching of Vladimir Bekhterev and his followers) and physiology of higher nervous activity (the teaching of Ivan Pavlov and his school), psychoanalysis and behaviorism. It became one of the major psychological approaches in the former USSR, being widely used in both theoretical and applied psychology, and in education, professional training, ergonomics, social psychology and work psychology.Activity theory is more of a descriptive meta-theory or framework than a predictive theory. It considers an entire work/activity system (including teams, organizations, etc.) beyond just one actor or user. It accounts for environment, history of the person, culture, role of the artifact, motivations, and complexity of real life activity. One of the strengths of AT is that it bridges the gap between the individual subject and the social reality—it studies both through the mediating activity. The unit of analysis in AT is the concept of object-oriented, collective and culturally mediated human activity, or activity system. This system includes the object (or objective), subject, mediating artifacts (signs and tools), rules, community and division of labor. The motive for the activity in AT is created through the tensions and contradictions within the elements of the system. According to ethnographer Bonnie Nardi, a leading theorist in AT, activity theory ""focuses on practice, which obviates the need to distinguish 'applied' from 'pure' science—understanding everyday practice in the real world is the very objective of scientific practice. … The object of activity theory is to understand the unity of consciousness and activity."" Sometimes called ""Cultural-Historical Activity Theory"", this approach is particularly useful for studying a group that exists ""largely in virtual form, its communications mediated largely through electronic and printed texts."" AT is particularly useful as a lens in qualitative research methodologies (e.g., ethnography, case study). AT provides a method of understanding and analyzing a phenomenon, finding patterns and making inferences across interactions, describing phenomena and presenting phenomena through a built-in language and rhetoric. A particular activity is a goal-directed or purposeful interaction of a subject with an object through the use of tools. These tools are exteriorized forms of mental processes manifested in constructs, whether physical or psychological. AT recognizes the internalization and externalization of cognitive processes involved in the use of tools, as well as the transformation or development that results from the interaction.
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