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Description - UF COE Online Learning Community
Description - UF COE Online Learning Community

... activity, the body’s demand for nutrients is increased, primarily as a function of the increased demands by the skeletal tissue. While these increased demands are somewhat offset by diversion of nutrients away from the GI tract, a net increase in demand exists. The primary needs of the skeletal musc ...
Life Stress and Cardiovascular Disorders
Life Stress and Cardiovascular Disorders

... Substernal and precordial pain and discomfort results not only from reduced myocardial circulation but also from sustained contractions of the diaphragm, as mentioned above, and the sustained and forceful contraction of the intercostal, pectoral and shoulder muscles. Such sustained contractions of s ...
Anesthetic implications of subacute left ventricular rupture following
Anesthetic implications of subacute left ventricular rupture following

... Key words: Cardiovascular anesthesia, cardiac tamponade, myocardial infarction, ventricular rupture. Introduction Rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle is a complication that occurs in roughly 10% of patients who experience acute myocardial infarctions, and it is fatal in 90% of those cases ...
Chief complaint… “Severe chest pain for 2 hours”—first
Chief complaint… “Severe chest pain for 2 hours”—first

... • Women—54% are at risk for misdiagnosis vs. 33% of men; less likely to present w/ typical chest pain, but more likely to present with tachycardia and hypotension; more likely to report pain in the arm, neck, back and jaw; HA; N & V; dyspnea, cough; chest pain at rest, with mental stress, or during ...
Images in Paediatric Cardiology
Images in Paediatric Cardiology

... the walls. They are lined by endothelial cells and mitosis is rare. This tumor can be localized in any part of the heart and pericardium. Hemangiomas can present in any age group with a mild predominance in females. The symptomatology depends on the anatomic location and extension of the tumor. Thou ...
PDF - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
PDF - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

... Do the units have problems? Yes. These include (1) unresponsiveness to the autonomic nervous system (to the demands of exercise and emotion), although variable rate units are a potential answer to this need; (2) a requirement for monitoring and maintenance, including at times battery and/or electrod ...
T The broken heart syndrome
T The broken heart syndrome

... Within 24 to 48 hours of the acute presentation, the ECG frequently develops some characteristic features that include a markedly prolonged QT interval and deep T-wave inversion in both precordial and limb leads.6 The QT interval prolongation usually improves within a couple of days, but the T-wave ...
Cardiomyopathy Australia - Cardiomyopathy Association of Australia
Cardiomyopathy Australia - Cardiomyopathy Association of Australia

... The World Cardiac Congress was held in Melbourne from Sunday 3 – Wednesday 7 May where over 6000 visitors attended from all parts of the globe. We are extremely grateful to the Heart Foundation for allowing us to share their booth in the Exhibition Hall. Our new banner was prominently displayed attr ...
Wilms` tumor with polydipsia, polyuria, hyponatremic hypertension
Wilms` tumor with polydipsia, polyuria, hyponatremic hypertension

... Three months prior to her hospital admission, a 3-year- ...
Heart Rate Variability in Depressed Patients
Heart Rate Variability in Depressed Patients

... Objective: There are conflicting results on the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and major depression. There is some research reporting decreased heart rate variability in depressed patients, which may result in increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. This study aims to in ...
Is our heart a well-designed pump? The heart along animal evolution
Is our heart a well-designed pump? The heart along animal evolution

... are the first animals with a two-chamber heart consisting of a ventricle and an atrium. The atrium acts as a buffering reservoir between the continuous venous return and the cyclic ejection; its contraction raises ventricular end-diastolic pressure without increasing the mean central venous pressure ...
Syncope and shock
Syncope and shock

... systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular pressure. Absolute or relative hypovolemia is usually not present. Pulmonary oedema, reduction in lung compliance – Treatment: The goal is to increase contractility without significant increases in heart rate (dopamine, dobutamine). Pulmonary conge ...
Resting Heart Rate - Easymed.club
Resting Heart Rate - Easymed.club

... through the body w Calculated as the difference between the oxygen content of arterial blood and venous blood w Increases with increasing rates of exercise as more oxygen is taken from blood w The Fick equation represents .the relationship of the body’s oxygen consumption (VO2), to the arterial-veno ...
Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Metastasizing to Heart
Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Metastasizing to Heart

... because of focal presence, varied and subtle morphologic pattern and finally difficult distinction from embryonal carcinoma. It has been observed that adult having yolk sac tumor as component of MGCTs usually have a high frequency of stage I disease compared to those without such a component.1 Testi ...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

... arterial system [which is equal to the mean aortic pressure (MAP) minus the central venous pressure (CVP)] and mean flow into the arterial system [which is equal to the cardiac output (CO)]. Unlike aortic pressure by itself, this measure is independent of the functioning of the ventricle. Therefore, ...
Special Article Spontaneous Conversion to Sinus Rhythm of Recent
Special Article Spontaneous Conversion to Sinus Rhythm of Recent

... were studied. In each patient history, complete physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, routine hematological studies, serum electrolytes, troponin, thyroid function studies and a complete echocardiographic evaluation were performed. Patients hemodynamically unstable, with rece ...
Fluid build-up between the heart and the sac
Fluid build-up between the heart and the sac

... MEDICATIONS Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive.  Drugs should not be used i ...
Unreliability of M-Mode Left Ventricular Dimensions for Calculating
Unreliability of M-Mode Left Ventricular Dimensions for Calculating

... the point in time when the shortest distance between the left septal and posterior endocardial echoes was reached. Echograms were recorded at paper speeds of 25 and 50 mm/sec, and 0.2-second time lines were recorded on all tracings. Diastolic and systolic measurements of the LV internal dimension we ...
Basic concepts to Understand Basic concepts to Understand
Basic concepts to Understand Basic concepts to Understand

... Venous Blood is reaching the systemic circulation • Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) • Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA) ...
pericardial effusion
pericardial effusion

... MEDICATIONS Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive.  Drugs should not be used i ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats

... • Oxygen, if cat is having difficulty breathing (dyspnea) • Warm environment, if cat has low body temperature (known as “hypothermia”) ...
Unreliability of M-Mode Left Ventricular Dimensions for Calculating
Unreliability of M-Mode Left Ventricular Dimensions for Calculating

... the point in time when the shortest distance between the left septal and posterior endocardial echoes was reached. Echograms were recorded at paper speeds of 25 and 50 mm/sec, and 0.2-second time lines were recorded on all tracings. Diastolic and systolic measurements of the LV internal dimension we ...
Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect
Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect

... entricular septal defects (VSD) are the most common congenital cardiac malformation. Epidemiologic data report that the prevalence of this anomaly may be as high as 3.3% to 3.8% of live births.1, 2, 3 A VSD can occur in isolation or in association with other cardiac malformations. These congenital m ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... – 1 mV amplitude and 200 ms duration Produce a pulse of 1cm height on the paper plot. ...
Mutations affecting the formation and function of the cardiovascular
Mutations affecting the formation and function of the cardiovascular

... processes of organ formation. It is a relatively simple structure, consisting of two concentric epithelial tubes, the inner, endocardial and outer, myocardial. It is also the first organ to form ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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