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Persistent left superior vena cava: a case report and review of
Persistent left superior vena cava: a case report and review of

... useful to rule out variations in the typical anomalous venous course. Single or multiplane transesophageal echocardiography [3] and radionuclide angiocardiography have also been used to establish diagnosis. Almost 40% of patients with PLSVC can have a variety of associated cardiac anomalies, [4,5] s ...
The Interaction of HF and COPD
The Interaction of HF and COPD

... specificity Positive negative ...
His Bundle Electrograms in Healthy Adolescents with Persistent
His Bundle Electrograms in Healthy Adolescents with Persistent

... before the dropped beat and simulated Mobitz type I1 A-V block (Fig. 1 C ) . Other recent reportsl1*l4 have shown that Mobitz type I1 A-V block can occur proximal to the His bundle during slight variations in the P-P interval, or during constant PP intervals. In these reports, however, the A-H inter ...
Table 2. Outcomes for QOL Constructs and Exercise Tolerance µ
Table 2. Outcomes for QOL Constructs and Exercise Tolerance µ

... rehabilitation program. However, one observational study similar to ours in sample size and study design found equal improvements between individuals with and without left ventricular dysfunction in the six-minute walk distance and quality of life scores (16). Studies such as these are necessary and ...
Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) Angiography
Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) Angiography

... presenting to the emergency room with complaints consistent with cardiac ischemia, but without diagnostic electrocardiography (ECG) or enzymes. The test may be considered medically necessary in patient’s status post revascularization procedures who present with recurrent symptoms not clearly identif ...
Value of dual-source computed tomography in evaluating left
Value of dual-source computed tomography in evaluating left

... and does not use radiation, However, it is limited by the patients’ ventricular shape, the technical ability of the operators, and the difficulty in dependably evaluating patients’ coronary arteries. MRI has good spatial resolution and tissue contrast, does not use radiation, and can image in any di ...
THE HEART RATE OF BOYS DURING AND AFTER EXHAUSTING
THE HEART RATE OF BOYS DURING AND AFTER EXHAUSTING

... degree of training were too slight to manifest themselves in this way. A striking feature was the very high maximum heart rate shown by most of the boys. The average maximum rate counted for a full minute occurred during the second minute of exercise and was 182.6 or two and one half times the resti ...
12-1 Test Bank Sole: Introduction to Critical Care Nursing, 5th
12-1 Test Bank Sole: Introduction to Critical Care Nursing, 5th

... A: The 12-lead electrocardiogram is useful in identification of rhythm disturbances and myocardial ischemia, injury, or infarct. B: Cardiac catheterization is used to confirm and evaluate the severity of lesions within the coronary arteries, to assess left ventricular function, and to measure pressu ...
New Surgical Technique of Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture
New Surgical Technique of Left Ventricular Free Wall Rupture

... We experienced two cases of left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Case 1, with the blowout type of LVFWR was initially closed by direct suture, followed by hemostasis using a double patch sealing method (DPS) by which the tear was doubly sealed with ...
(aed) devices and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
(aed) devices and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)

... All components of the AED and integrated data recording system shall be inspected by a qualified service technician at least one (1) time per calendar year or as recommended by the manufacturer to ensure: 6.02.1 The equipment meets original manufacturer’s specifications; 6.02.2 The equipment maintai ...
Patient Brochure
Patient Brochure

... the lungs) which may contribute to lung congestion. Left untreated, pulmonary hypertension can lead to heart failure. In some people an ASD may allow blood clots to travel through the heart to the brain which may lead to a stroke or transient ischemic attack. ...
FOLK ART HEARTS JANE SASSAMAN’S
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... and the grass strip will run way beyond the triangle. Be sure you have enough grass fabric on both ends for mitering. Seam the fabrics together, but stop 1/4” away from the triangles corner. Now do the same routine with a green grass strip on the opposite edge of the triangle. Irons seams toward the ...
Heart transplantation: Research that led to the first human transplant
Heart transplantation: Research that led to the first human transplant

... The transplantation of the canine heart as an additional heart within the chest was first performed by Demikhov in 1946.17 This experience, together with that of experimental transplantation of many vital organs, is presented in a book published in 1962. The original text in Russian was published in ...
The Mural Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery,
The Mural Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery,

... suddenly cried for help, complaining of difficulty in breathing. She had swum approximately 10 laps (300 feet) and was able to help herself out of the pool with minimal assistance. She then lay down and became unconscious. When the rescue squad appeared she was in asystole and had no vital signs. Af ...
Concealed Conduction
Concealed Conduction

... relationships of the heart in health and disease. This book is the first of two volumes which reviews recent advancements in electrocardiography. This volume lays the groundwork for understanding the technical aspects of these advancements. The five sections of this volume, Cardiac Anatomy, ECG Tech ...
Atrial Fibrillation - Intermountain Healthcare
Atrial Fibrillation - Intermountain Healthcare

... patches (electrodes) are attached to your chest and send signals to a recorder. You might be asked to exercise during this test to see how your heart responds to extra activity. •• Echocardiogram (heart ultrasound). This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of your heart and blood v ...
Atrial Fibrillation and ACE Inhibitors
Atrial Fibrillation and ACE Inhibitors

... Angiotensin II is the most potent vasoconstrictor in the body. It causes the blood vessels to constrict and potentiates the sympathetic nervous system resulting in an increase in blood pressure. Angiotensin II also acts on the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone. Aldosterone causes sodium and wate ...
Heart As A Pump And Cardiac Cycle Mechanical events :
Heart As A Pump And Cardiac Cycle Mechanical events :

... Heart As A Pump And Cardiac Cycle Mechanical events : The duration of one cardiac cycle is approximately 0.8 second, making a heart rate of 75 beats/minute, (we use these values for studying purposes, but they actually vary according to the heart rate which ranges between 60 – 100 beats/minute in n ...
Mechanisms of Stretch Feedback and Interactions with
Mechanisms of Stretch Feedback and Interactions with

... During tonic stretch, driver potential and frequency of the heartbeat increased as a function of force, but only in CGs with long baseline burst durations. Since, in reality, the feedback from the heartbeat’s contraction act as series of short repeated stretches, I examined the ability of the heartb ...
Hawthorn Berry - Dr. Christopher`s Herbal Legacy
Hawthorn Berry - Dr. Christopher`s Herbal Legacy

... strength or power. The berries of the Hawthorn are collected in the fall after they turn a dark purple. Hawthorn berries are high in vitamins B1, B2, C, calcium, iron and phosphorus. The parts of the Hawthorn bush that are used for medicinal purposes are the berries and the leaf. Hawthorn berries ar ...
THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM IN CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM IN CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/07/08/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01605.full.pdf
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/07/08/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01605.full.pdf

... We used progressively adjusted models for these analyses. Model 1 included age, sex, and ethnicity. Model 2 added body mass index, waist circumference, total household income, highest attained level of education, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, antihypertensive med ...
Spinal Sympathetic Cardiocardiac Reflexes
Spinal Sympathetic Cardiocardiac Reflexes

... criterion, dP/dt max was always attained before the aortic valve opened in the present experiments. We have already reported that electrical stimulation of afferent cardiac sympathetic fibers in cats elicits substantial and prompt increases in arterial pressure which are due to sympathetic vasoconst ...
PART 15 - Mike South
PART 15 - Mike South

... Current echocardiographic instruments allow the sectional anatomy of the heart, as it beats in ‘real time’, to be displayed on a television monitor. This is referred to as cross sectional echocardiography (Fig. 15.1.8). Doppler echocardiography allows quantitation of the direction and flow velocity ...
Arrhythmias and sport practice
Arrhythmias and sport practice

... ventricular tachycardia is induced. However, if the patient reaches the laboratory without any clear suspicion of a diagnosis, the diagnostic yield of an EP study is low. In most channelopathies, such as long QT, there is no increased inducibility. Flecainide or ajmaline infusion may uncover a Bruga ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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