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descriptive statistics i
descriptive statistics i

...  The alternative hypothesis, denoted by Ha, is the opposite of what is stated in the null hypothesis.  The alternative hypothesis is what the test is ...
Using i.i.d, bootstrap inference for general non
Using i.i.d, bootstrap inference for general non

... importance, given that a general exact inference for non-i.i.d, models is not available. This observation gives a rigorous justification to using i.i.d, bootstrap inference as a fail-back device in some non-i.i.d, situations. In addition to (1.1), the above nice property also holds for bootstrap con ...
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC

... the independent variable is age of patient in years. Application of PROC LOGISTIC to the Hosmer and Lemeshow data set yielded a parameter estimated for the variable AGE as 0.0275; exponentiation of that estimate gives an odds ratio of 1.028. In this example, a one unit (that is, one year) increase i ...
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC

... module of SAS System software, and is one of several procedures in this module which can be used for categorical data analysis. Other procedures for categorical data analysis in the STAT module include: ...
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC

... Researchers are frequently interested in examining either the joint effect of two more independent variables on the likelihood of event outcome. In other situations the effect of a single independent variable is analyzed controlling for (that is, holding constant the effect of) other independent va ...
Getting Started With PROC LOGISTIC
Getting Started With PROC LOGISTIC

... LOGISTIC to the Hosmer and Lemeshow data set yielded a parameter estimated for the variable AGE as 0.0275; exponentiation of that estimate gives an odds ratio of 1.028. In this example, a one unit (that is, one year) increase in a patient's age increases by 2.8 percent the chance they will die (i.e. ...
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC
Getting Started with PROC LOGISTIC

... estimate and standardized parameter estimate. As with linear regression analysis, the parameter estimate can be conceptualized as how much mathematical impact a unit changes in the value of the independent variable has on increasing or decreasing the probability that the dependent variable will achi ...
Handout for Chapter 9A
Handout for Chapter 9A

... mean is 13.25 minutes. The population standard deviation is believed to be 3.2 minutes. The EMS director wants to perform a hypothesis test, with a .05 level of significance, to determine whether the service goal of 12 minutes or less is ...
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing

... Chapter 9 - Hypothesis Testing  Hypothesis testing can be used to determine whether ...
POWDERS AND GRANULES ERT 430 SEM 2, 2013/14
POWDERS AND GRANULES ERT 430 SEM 2, 2013/14

... Hypothesis testing is the basis for many decision made in science and engineering.  The hypothesis tests that we describe are used to determine if the results from these experiments support the model.  If agreement is found, the hypothetical model serves as the basis for further experiments.  Whe ...
Sampling and Measurement
Sampling and Measurement

... • Non-probability sample – the elements are selected by non-random methods. This type of sampling is more convenient and economical. – Convenience sample – this is where the researcher uses the most readily available persons – also called accidental samples – such as the first persons who come into ...
CI-HT-1pop
CI-HT-1pop

... The drug Prevnar is a vaccine meant to prevent meningitis. (It also helps control ear infections.) It is typically administered to infants. In clinical trials, the vaccine was administered to 710 randomly sampled infants between 12 and 15 months of age. Of the 710 infants, 121 experienced a decrease ...
Research Methods Review
Research Methods Review

... Given this assumption the sample distribution would have predictable characteristics NHST tests to see how unlikely it would be to obtain a particular sample, given this assumed distribution ...
Ch 9A Hypothesis Testing
Ch 9A Hypothesis Testing

... hypothesis, then we will conclude that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected; If this information is inconsistent with the null hypothesis, we will conclude that the hypothesis is false and reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternate hypothesis. Critical Region – the set of values for the ...
Power of the test
Power of the test

... Proportions ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... Even though significance is not reached does not mean there is no relationship between the variables  Statistical significance does not always mean practical significance ...
Course Catalog - Jordan University of Science and Technology
Course Catalog - Jordan University of Science and Technology

1

Pre- and post-test probability

Pre-test probability and post-test probability (alternatively spelled pretest and posttest probability) are the subjective probabilities of the presence of a condition (such as a disease) before and after a diagnostic test, respectively. Post-test probability, in turn, can be positive or negative, depending on whether the test falls out as a positive test or a negative test, respectively. In some cases, it is used for the probability of developing the condition of interest in the future.The subjectivity of the probabilities is based on the fact that, in reality, an individual either has the condition or not (with the probability always being 100%), so pre- and post-test probabilities for individuals can rather be regarded as psychological phenomena in the minds of those involved in the diagnostics at hand.Test, in this sense, can refer to any medical test (but usually in the sense of diagnostic tests), and in a broad sense also including questions and even assumptions (such as assuming that the target individual is a female or male). The ability to make a difference between pre- and post-test probabilities of various conditions is a major factor in the indication of medical tests.
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